1,753,173 research outputs found
Against the mainstream, nazi privatization in 1930s Germany.
Full text linkThe Great Depression spurred State ownership in Western capitalist countries. Germany was no exception, the last governments of the Weimar Republic took over firms in diverse sectors. Later, the Nazi regime transferred public ownership and public services to the private sector. In doing so, they went against the mainstream trends in the Western capitalist countries, none of which systematically reprivatized firms during the 1930s. Privatization in Nazi Germany was also unique in transferring to private hands the delivery of public services previously provided by government. The firms and the services transferred to private ownership belonged to diverse sectors. Privatization was part of an intentional policy with multiple objectives and was not ideologically driven. As in many recent privatizations, particularly within the European Union, strong financial restrictions were a central motivation. In addition, privatization was used as a political tool to enhance support for the government and for the Nazi Party.Privatization, Public Enterprise, Nazi Economy, Germany.
Against the mainstream: Nazi privatization in 1930s Germany
Full text linkThe Great Depression spurred State ownership in Western capitalist countries. Germany was no exception; the last governments of the Weimar Republic took over firms in diverse sectors. Later, the Nazi regime transferred public ownership and public services to the private sector. In doing so, they went against the mainstream trends in the Western capitalist countries, none of which systematically reprivatized firms during the 1930s. Privatization in Nazi Germany was also unique in transferring to private hands the delivery f public services previously provided by government. The firms and the services transferred to private ownership belonged to diverse sectors. Privatization was part of an intentional policy with multiple objectives and was not ideologically driven. As in many recent privatizations, particularly within the European Union, strong financial restrictions were a central motivation. In addition, privatization was used as a political tool to enhance support for the government and for the Nazi Party.nazi economy, public enterprise, germany, privatization
Life under siege: the jews of Magdeburg under Nazi rule
No full textThis regional study documents the life and the destruction of the Jewish community of Magdeburg, in the Prussian province of Saxony, between 1933 and 1945. As this is the first comprehensive and academic study of this community during the Nazi period, it has contributed to both the regional historiography of German Jewry and the historiography of the Shoah in Germany. In both respects it affords a further understanding of Jewish life in Nazi Germany. Commencing this study at the beginning of 1933 enables a comprehensive view to emerge of the community as it was on the eve of the Nazi assault. The study then analyses the spiralling events that led to its eventual destruction. The story of the Magdeburg Jewish community in both the public and private domains has been explored from the Nazi accession to power in 1933 up until April 1945, when only a handful of Jews in the city witnessed liberation. This study has combined both archival material and oral history to reconstruct the period. Secondary literature has largely been incorporated and used in a comparative sense and as reference material. This study has interpreted and viewed the period from an essentially Jewish perspective. That is to say, in documenting the experiences of the Jews of Magdeburg, this study has focused almost exclusively on how this population simultaneously lived and grappled with the deteriorating situation. Much attention has been placed on how it reacted and responded at key junctures in the processes of disenfranchisement, exclusion and finally destruction. This discussion also includes how and why Jews reached decisions to abandon their Heimat and what their experiences with departure were. In the final chapter of the community’s story, an exploration has been made of how the majority of those Jews who remained endured the final years of humiliation and stigmatisation. All but a few perished once the implementation of the ‘Final Solution’ reached Magdeburg in April 1942. The epilogue of this study charts the experiences of those who remained in the city, some of whom survived to tell their story
In and Out of the Kitchen: Women's Resistance in Nazi Germany
Full text linkDuring World War II in Nazi Germany, not everyone was happy with what was going on in their country. While women were discriminated against due to Nazi party policy, this did not stop them from attempting resistance efforts, psychological and physical acts, in the public and private spheres. While some women were more bold and chose to protest publicly or make anti-Nazi leaflets and pass them out on college campuses, others made their difference in the privacy of their own homes. They carried shopping bags in both hands to avoid having to salute officers or hid Jews within their homes and made certain that their day to day needs were met entirely. All acts of resistance on the part of females in 1930's and 1940's Germany was important and helped save countless lives and maintain a level of mental freedom in their own homes
Dreamers of the Dark: Kerry Bolton and the Order of the Left Hand Path, a Case-study of a Satanic/Neo-Nazi Synthesis
No full textIn 1990 a small self-published journal/magazine called The Watcher was distributed among New Zealand's occult underground. The Watcher described itself as 'the New Zealand Voice of the Left Hand Path', and was published as the journal of the Order of the Left Hand Path. The Watcher and the Order directed its attentions towards those occultists who identified themselves as Satanists and, as such, the journal articulated a distinctly Satanic philosophy and perspective. However, as the journal evolved and developed, renaming itself as The Heretic and The Nexus in later years, there arose alongside Satanic philosophy an increasing emphases on what could be called esoteric Nazism or esoteric Nationalism. Given that the editor of The Watcher was Kerry Bolton, a man who has been immersed in New Zealand's Nationalist/neo-Nazi movement since the early 1970s, such an increasingly political orientation was perhaps unsurprising.
This thesis examines the way in which the Order bought Satanic and neo-Nazi ideologies together and the resulting synthesis. It also looks at the transition from being a Satanic order led by a neo-Nazi to an openly neo-Nazi Order that uses Satanic philosophy to justify and popularise its conception of National Socialism
Betting on Hitler: The value of political connections in Nazi Germany
Full text linkThis paper examines the value of connections between German industry and the Nazi movement in early 1933. Drawing on previously unused contemporary sources about management and supervisory board composition and stock returns, we find that one out of seven firms, and a large proportion of the biggest companies, had substantive links with the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. Firms supporting the Nazi movement experienced unusually high returns, outperforming unconnected ones by 5% to 8% between January and March 1933. These results are not driven by sectoral composition and are robust to alternative estimators and definitions of affiliation.Political Connections, Stock Market, Asset Pricing, Nazi Rise to Power, Interwar Germany
Persecution perpetuated: The medieval origins of anti-semitic violence in Nazi Germany
Full text linkHow persistent are cultural traits? This paper uses data on anti-Semitism in Germany and finds continuity at the local level over more than half a millennium. When the Black Death hit Europe in 1348-50, killing between one third and one half of the population, its cause was unknown. Many contemporaries blamed the Jews. Cities all over Germany witnessed mass killings of their Jewish population. At the same time, numerous Jewish communities were spared these horrors. We use plague pogroms as an indicator for medieval anti-Semitism. Pogroms during the Black Death are a strong and robust predictor of violence against Jews in the 1920s, and of votes for the Nazi Party. In addition, cities that saw medieval anti-Semitic violence also had higher deportation rates for Jews after 1933, were more likely to see synagogues damaged or destroyed in the Night of Broken Glass in 1938, and their inhabitants wrote more anti-Jewish letters to the editor of the Nazi newspaper Der Stürmer.anti-semitic medieval origins, pogroms, Nazi Germany, Weimar Republic, persistence of anti-semitic attitudes, long-run effects of local culture
Die Enteignung von «Nazi- und Kriegsverbrechern» im Land Brandenburg
Full text linkDie Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den Verlauf der Enteignung von «Nazi- und Kriegsverbrechern» im Land Brandenburg nach SMAD-Befehl Nr. 124 vom 30. Oktober 1945 bis zur Überführung der Vermögenswerte in Volkseigentum 1949/50. Sie erläutert die gesetzlichen Grundlagen und ihre damaligen Auslegungen sowie die verwaltungsmäßigen Abläufe in den brandenburgischen Behörden. Beleuchtet werden unter anderem die Bildung, Aufgaben und Arbeitsweise der Kommissionen für Sequestrierung und Beschlagnahme und des Amtes zum Schutze des Volkseigentums. Die abschließende Quellenedition gibt einen Einblick in den widersprüchlichen Prozeß der Durchsetzung der Enteignungen
Die Enteignung von «Nazi- und Kriegsverbrechern» im Land Brandenburg
No full textDie Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über den Verlauf der Enteignung von «Nazi- und Kriegsverbrechern» im Land Brandenburg nach SMAD-Befehl Nr. 124 vom 30. Oktober 1945 bis zur Überführung der Vermögenswerte in Volkseigentum 1949/50. Sie erläutert die gesetzlichen Grundlagen und ihre damaligen Auslegungen sowie die verwaltungsmäßigen Abläufe in den brandenburgischen Behörden. Beleuchtet werden unter anderem die Bildung, Aufgaben und Arbeitsweise der Kommissionen für Sequestrierung und Beschlagnahme und des Amtes zum Schutze des Volkseigentums. Die abschließende Quellenedition gibt einen Einblick in den widersprüchlichen Prozeß der Durchsetzung der Enteignungen
The Long-Term Direct and External Effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany
Full text linkThis paper provides causal evidence on long-term consequences of Jewish expulsions in Nazi Germany on the educational attainment and political outcomes of German children. We combine a unique city-level dataset on the fraction of Jewish population residing in Germany before the Nazi Regime with individual survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). Our identification strategy exploits the plausibly exogenous city-by-cohort variation in the Jewish population in Germany as a unique quasi-experiment. We find that the persecution of Jewish professionals had significant, long-lasting detrimental effects on the human capital and political development of Germans who were at school-age during the Nazi Regime. First, these children have 0.4 fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood. Second, these children are less likely to go to college or have a graduate degree. Third, they are less likely to have interest in politics as adults. These results survive using alternative samples and specifications, including controlling for Second World War, Nazi and Communist Party support and unemployment effects.human capital formation, dismissal, Jewish professionals, political development
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