126,179 research outputs found
Heterologous expression and enhanced production of β-1,4-glucanase of Bacillus halodurans C-125 in Escherichia coli
No full textBackground: Recombinant DNA technology enables us to produce proteins with desired properties and insubstantial amount for industrial applications. Endo-1, 4-β-glucanases (Egl) is one of the major enzyme involved in degradation of cellulose, an important component of plant cell wall. The present study was aimed at enhancing the production of endo-1, 4-β-glucanases (Egl) of Bacillus halodurans in Escherichia coli. Results: A putative Egl gene of Bacillus Halodurans was expressed in E. coli by cloning in pET 22b (+). On induction with isopropyl-b-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside, the enzyme expression reached upto ~20% of the cell protein producing 29.2 mg/liter culture. An increase in cell density to 12 in auto-inducing LB medium (absorbance at 600 nm) enhanced β-glucanase production up to 5.4 fold. The molecular mass of the enzyme was determined to be 39 KDa, which is nearly the same as the calculated value. Protein sequence was analyzed by CDD, Pfam, I TASSER, COACH, PROCHECK Servers and putative amino acids involved in the formation of catalytic, substrate and metal binding domains were identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the β-glucanases of B. halodurans was performed and position of Egl among other members of the genus Bacillus producing endo-glucanases was determined. Temperature and pH optima of the enzyme were found to be 60°C and 8.0, respectively, under the assay conditions. Conclusion: Production of endo-1, 4 β-glucanase enzymes from B. halodurans increased several folds when cloned in pET vector and expressed in E. coli. To our knowledge, this is the first report of high-level expression and characterization of an endo-1, 4 β-glucanases from B. halodurans.How to cite: Zeeshan N, Naz S, Naz S et al. Heterologous expression and enhanced production of β-1,4-glucanase of Bacillus halodurans C-125 in E. coli. Electron J Biotechnol 2018;34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.05.001. Keywords: Bacillus halodurans, Cellulases, Cellulose hydrolysis, Degradation of cellulose, Endo-1, 4-β-glucanases, Expression analysis, Heterologous expression, In silico protein characterization, IPTG, pET expression system, Plant cell wal
Lettre de Louis XIV (roi de France) à de Launay de Naz datée du 22 mai 1664, à Fontainebleau
No full textLettre de Louis XIV (roi de France) à de Launay de Naz datée du 22 mai 1664, à Fontainebleau. In: Correspondance administrative sous le règne de Louis XIV, recueillie et mise en ordre par G. B. Depping. Tome I. Etats provinciaux – Affaires municipales et communales. Paris : Imprimerie nationale, 1850. p. 724
Lettre de Louis XIV (roi de France) à de Launay de Naz datée du 22 mai 1664, à Fontainebleau
No full textLettre de Louis XIV (roi de France) à de Launay de Naz datée du 22 mai 1664, à Fontainebleau. In: Correspondance administrative sous le règne de Louis XIV, recueillie et mise en ordre par G. B. Depping. Tome I. Etats provinciaux – Affaires municipales et communales. Paris : Imprimerie nationale, 1850. p. 724
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Parametric transfer in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator
No full textThe conditions for high fidelity parametric transfer of the pulse shape of a near-infrared pump pulse to a mid-infrared idler pulse of a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator are investigated theoretically and experimentally
Reperti ecocardiografici in soggetti con alterazioni aspecifiche della ripolarizzazione ventricolare.
No full textABSTRAC
Axonchium noreasum Naz & Ahmad, 2012, n. sp.
No full textAxonchium noreasum n. sp. (Figs. 13–14) Measurements. Table 7. Description. Female: Body curved ventrad upon fixation, tapering towards both extremities. Cuticle with fine transverse striations, 2–4 µm thick at mid body and 6–8 µm on tail. Lateral chords without distinct glandular bodies, about one-fifth to one-fourth of body width at mid body. Lateral, dorsal and ventral body pores indistinct. Lip region offset, about one-fifth to one-fourth of body width at neck base; lips separated. Amphids cupshaped, their aperture 0.8 times the lip region width. Odontostyle fusiform, 1.1–1.3 times the lip region width long, its aperture about one-third of its length. Guiding ring single, at about one lip region width from anterior end. Odontophore linear, 1.1–1.3 times the odontostyle length. Nerve ring at 21–25 % of neck length from anterior end. Anterior muscular part of pharynx separated from the posterior expanded part by a deep constriction the latter occupying about 52–64 % of the neck length and enclosed in muscle sheath with straight bundles. Cardia, tonguelike, about one-third to one-half of the corresponding body width long. Genital system mono-opisthodelphic. Anterior branch represented by a simple sac, 1.7–3.9 times the corresponding body width long and in most of the specimens filled with sperms. Posterior branch well developed; ovary reflexed, not reaching the oviduct-uterus junction, measuring 40–145 µm with oocytes arranged in a single row except near tip. Oviduct joining ovary subterminally, measuring 45–80 µm, consisting of a long slender part with prismatic cells and a slightly wider pars dilatata with clear lumen. Sphincter present at oviduct-uterus junction. Uterus measuring 80–100 µm, differentiated into three parts, distal expanded part with wide lumen, intermediate tubular part with narrow lumen and proximal wider part with wide lumen. Vulva transverse. Vagina bent posteriad, about two-thirds of the corresponding body width deep; pars proximalis vaginae 16–20 µm with almost straight walls; pars refringens vaginae absent; pars distalis vaginae 7–8 µm with rounded walls. Prerectum 3.5–6.5 times anal body width long. Rectum 1.2 –1.5 times anal body width long. Tail short rounded, hemispheroid to almost clavate, 0.9–1.2 times anal body width long; hyaline part about half of tail length. Caudal pores two on each side. Male: similar to female in general morphology, except for posterior region being more curved because of the presence of copulatory muscles. Spicules slender, 1.5–1.8 times the cloacal body width in length, the proximal deviation (range). Characters Bhalokpong population Shillong population Holotype female Paratype females Paratype males Females Males n 1 9 7 3 2 L (mm) 1.2 1.2 ± 0.05 (1.1–1.3) 1.2 ± 0.04 (1.2–1.3) 1.05 ± 0.05 1.10, 1.14 (1.03–1.06) a 46.5 45.9 ± 1.36 41.6 ± 2.01 39.7 ± 1.2 36.7, 40.7 (44.1–48.4) (39.9–43.2) (38–41.4) b 2.5 2.6 ± 0.14 (2.5–2.7) 2.7 ± 0.12 (2.7–2.8) 2.8 ± 0.2 (2.7–3.3) 2.7, 3.1 Odontophore length 10 10.4 ± 0.4 (10–11) 11 ± 1.60 (10–13) 9.3 ± 0.47 (9–10) 9, 9 continued. Characters Umiam Shillong population Digboi(Assam) Population Females Males Females Males n 5 3 6 2 L (mm) 1.34 ± 0.10 (1.2–1.5) 1.2 ± 0.04 (1.2–1.3) 1.2 ± 0.12 (1.0– 1.4) 1.2, 1.2 a 39.6 ± 3.01 (35.1–43.2) 42.6 ± 2.16 (39.9–45.2) 44.4 ± 4.29 (39.6–50.5) 45.1, 47.1 b 2.9 ±. 0.21 (2.7–3.2) 3.3 ± 0.24 (3.1–3.7) 2.9 ± 0.28 (2.7–3.4) 2.8, 3.2 c 59.8 ± 2.9 (57.7–64.9) 55.2 ± 0.47 (54.6–55.7) 61.1 ± 6.37 (51–68.3) 53.3, 57.5 c` 0.9 ±.06 (0.9–1.04) 1.02 ± 0.01 (1.0– 1.04) 0.9 ± 0.06 (0.9–1.05) 1.1, 1.2 V 52 ± 1.7 (49–53) - 51.7 ± 1.73 (49.1–54.6) - G 1 8.4 ± 1.36 (6.3±10.1) - 5.1 ± 0.79 (4.1–6.6) - G 2 17.1 ± 2.05 (13.7–18.7) - 12.8 ± 1.2 (6–7) - Lip region width 6.6 ± 0.47 (6–7) 7 5.8 ± 0.63 (6–7) 5, 6 Lip region height 3.6 ± 0.48 (3–4) 3.6 ± 0.47 (3–4) 3.3 ± 0.47 (3–4) 4, 4 Amphid aperture 5.3 ± 0.47 (5–6) 5 5.8 ± 0.68 (5–6) 5, 6 Odontostyle length 8.5 ± 0.86 (8–10) 8.6 ± 0.47 (8–9) 7.5 ± 0.49 (7–8) 7, 8 Odontophore length 10.0 10.5 ± 0.5 (10–11) 10 ±0 9, 10 Guiding ring from anterior end 9.0 9 6.8 ± 0.37 (6–7) 7, 8 Nerve ring from anterior end 96.2 ± 6.4 (90–105) 130 ±0 115 ± 4.47 (110–120) 110, 110 Neck length 401 ± 33.5 (350–450) 383 ± 25.7 (350–413) 409 ± 41.65 (375–500) 375, 440 Expanded part of pharynx 267 ± 33.6 (215–275) 207 ± 5.3 (208–213) 214 ± 40.66 (175–300) 182, 265 Cardia length 12.8 ± 1.16 (12–15) 13 ±0 12.5 ± 2.32 (10–17) 12, 15 Body width at mid body 33.2 ± 2.22 (30–35) 30.3 ± 1.24 (29–32) 27.5 ± 0.5 (26–28) 26, 28 Body width at neck base 32.2 ± 2.2 (30–36) 31 ± 0.81 (30–32) 28.1 ± 1.21 (27–30) 27, 27 Body width at anus/cloaca 22.8 ± 0.74 (22–24) 22.6 ± 0.47 (22–23) 20.3 ± 0.47 (20–21) 18, 20 Anterior genital branch 111 ± 18.60 (85–138) - 63.6 ± 10.2 (45–77) - Posterior genital branch 216 ± 43.5 (152–270) - 156 ± 5.38 (150–165) - Vaginal depth 20 ± 1.4 (20–25) - 19.13 ± 1.4 (18–22) - Vulva from anterior end 732 ± 75.43 (658–875) - 621 ± 75.7 (545–765) - Prerectum length 133 ± 20.8 (100–165) 138 ± 6.23 (130–145) 148 ± 28.3 (120–200) 195, 220 Rectum length 27.4 ± 2.72 (24–30) 30 24.8 ± 1.57 (23–28) 30 Tail length 22.2 ± 1.6 (21–25) 23.3 ± 0.47 (23–24) 20 ± 0.81 (19–21) 22,23 Spicules length - 39 ± 1.41 (37–401) - 30,32 Lateral guiding pieces - 10.6 ± 1.6 (9–13) - 9,10 Ventromedian supplements - 2 - 2 slender part about two-fifths of the total spicule length with curved ends, distal part comparatively robust and slightly arcuate. Lateral guiding pieces with bifid end, about one-fourth of the spicules length. Supplements consisting of an adcloacal pair and two spaced ventromedians, starting above the range of spicules. Prerectum 5.5–8.5 times cloacal body width long. Rectum 1.2–1.6 cloacal body width long. Tail short, conoid, broadly rounded with slight concavity on ventral side, 0.9–1.2 times cloacal body width long. Caudal pores two on each side. Type habitat and locality. From soil around the roots of teak tree (Tectona grandis), from reserve forest area near Bhalukpong check post, Bomdilla, Arunachal Pradesh, India. GPS coordinate 27.26684 / 92.43484; latitude 26 o 56 'N, longitude 92 o 36 'E. Other habitats and localities. From soil around the roots of: i) unidentified grasses and herbs from Seven Miles, Shillong, Meghalaya; ii) unidentified grasses and herbs from Umiam, Shillong, Meghalaya and, iii) forest area from Digboi, district Tinsukia, Assam, India. Type specimens. Holotype female on slide Axonchium noreasum n. sp. / 1; paratype females and males on slides Axonchium noreasum n. sp. / 2–15; deposited with the nematode collection of the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, India. A paratype female and a male deposited with the nematode collection of the Universidad de Jaén, Spain. Etymology. The species name " noreasum " stands for "north–east", because all the populations were collected from north-eastern India. Diagnosis and relationships. Body 1.0– 1.3 mm long; lip region offset, lips separate; odontostyle 8–10 µm long; two parts of the pharynx separated from each other by deep constriction; vagina directed posteriorly; anterior uterine branch 46–95 µm in length; spicules slender, 30–36 µm or 1.5–1.8 times cloacal body width long, with proximal slender part about two-fifths of the total spicule length, with curved ends, and the distal part comparatively robust and slightly arcuate; lateral guiding pieces with bifid ends, about one-fourth of the spicule length, and two spaced ventromedian supplements. The new species is most closely related to A. siddiqii Coomans & Nair, 1975 in having a posteriorly directed vagina in females, and only two ventromedian supplements in males. It differs mainly in spicule shape (vs simple arcuate, with proximal slender part about one-third or less of spicule length, lacking curved ends [see fig. 11 D,G of Coomans & Nair, 1975). Although the new species is very similar to A. siddiqii but the shape of its spicules which so characteristic for species delimitation in the genus Axonchium, is distinctly different in the two species.Published as part of Naz, Tabbasam & Ahmad, Wasim, 2012, Description of two new and five known species of the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Dorylamida) from India with diagnostic compendia and keys to species of the genera Axonchium and Syncheilaxonchium Coomans & Nair, 1975, pp. 1-37 in Zootaxa 3264 on pages 27-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21507
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Figure 4 in Two new and two known species of the family Belondiridae Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Singapore
No full textFigure 4. Dorylaimellus hulqus sp. nov. (A,B) anterior region, (C,D) junction between two parts of pharynx, (E) female genital system, (F) female posterior region. Scale bars A–F, 10 µm.Published as part of Ahmad, Wasim & Naz, Tabbasam, 2010, Two new and two known species of the family Belondiridae Thorne, 1939 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) from Singapore, pp. 2465-2479 in Journal of Natural History 44 (41-42) on page 2473, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.502259, http://zenodo.org/record/521054
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