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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Discerning the variation in fungal-treated wheat straw as ruminant feed
Get PDFThe use of white-rot fungi in bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass such as wheat straw into valuable ruminant feed ingredients is promising. Fungi are capable of degrading lignin – a cell wall polymer that negatively affects ruminal degradability of the biomass. For this purpose, fungi, such as C. subvermispora, P. eryngii and L. edodes, have been identified as potential species. The vast availability of strains of these species, as well various wheat straw types and conditions lead to four main research questions: (1) Do strains of the same fungal species differ in their extent of lignocellulose degradation and the subsequent improvement in the ruminal degradability of wheat straw? (2) How do high potential strains/species vary in utilizing a certain nutrient, such as protein? (3) Do different fungal strains/species possess unique delignification mechanisms? (4) Do various wheat straw types have effects on how fungi degrade the cell wall components? As a start to the screening trial, in Chapter 2, the bioprocessing capabilities of two strains of C. subvermispora, CS1 and CS2, were compared. Both fungi were capable of selectively degrading lignin and improve in vitro gas production (IVGP) of wheat straw, with CS1 showing a higher potential than CS2. The two fungi also differed in their growth pattern and enzymatic activities, as well as in the degree of selectivity in lignin degradation. There was no correlation between the activities of the lignin-degrading enzymes and the extent of lignin degradation, indicating that more complex mechanisms are involved in modifying the cell wall. In Chapter 3, the IVGP was used as a decisive screening parameter for the best performing fungi. A number of strains of the fungal species C. subvermispora, P. eryngii and L. edodes were screened based of their IVGPs. All strains that belonged to the same species showed a distinctive pattern of growth and changes in the pH of substrate. Nonetheless, large variations of their bioprocessing capabilities were observed. Out of the 32 fungal strains studied, 17 strains showed a significantly higher (P C. subvermispora); PE6, PE2 and PE3 (P. eryngii); LE8, LE7 and LE10 (L. edodes). Two high-ranked strains for each species in Chapter 3 were subjected to three follow-up studies on variation in protein solubilization and modification of lignin structures. In Chapter 4, different fractions of crude protein (CP) and in vitro protein fermentation of wheat straw treated with six fungal strains (2 strains per species) were evaluated. All fungal strains caused a relative enrichment of the CP content (23.3 to 30.9%) in wheat straw. There was no quantitative difference in the total amount of CP among different fungal-treated straws. However, the CP fraction provided a unique insight into the variation among fungi in solubilizing protein. The results showed that fungi increased the soluble protein fractions and decreased the cell wall bound protein. Only wheat straw treated with P. eryngii and L. edodes strains resulted in a higher protein availability for fermentation in the rumen (30.2 to 47.1%). C. subvermispora strains on the other hand, did not improve the protein availability. To validate the established relationship between IVGP and the cell wall contents, determined using the Van Soest method (Procedure A), more specific analyses of the cell wall (Procedure B) were used in Chapter 5. In Procedure B, pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and alditol-acetates were used to determine Py-lignin and carbohydrates content, respectively. Procedure A showed a higher correlation coefficient of lignin/carbohydrate to the IVGP, compared to Procedure B (Pearson’s r of -0.84 vs. -0.69, respectively). The large differences between methods indicate disparities in the mass recovery of cell wall components, which complicates the understanding of degradation of cell wall components and its effect on IVGP. Procedure A is more indicative of the cell wall solubility – which explained the IVGP well, rather than indicating the actual cell wall degradation by fungi. The more specific Procedure B better elucidates the structure, which helps with the understanding of variations among fungal strains in modifying the cell wall. As for the cellulose (and glucan) contents, neither procedure resulted in an accurate quantification of the cellulose due to interference of fungal biomass. A contribution of pure fungal biomass to the total IVGP was expected, since it showed higher IVGP than its corresponding treated wheat straw. Hence, specific analyses of the lignin and carbohydrates contents are required for accurate description of the ruminal degradability of wheat straw. The combined pyrolysis-GC/MS and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis in Chapter 6, revealed fundamentally different delignification mechanisms among fungal species. It was proposed that the cleavage of Cβ-O-aryl linkages as the main mechanism for C. subvermispora, besides Cα-Cβ cleavage. While the predominant mechanism for L. edodes and P. eryngii was through the cleavage of Cα-Cβ linkages. In Chapter 7, the persistence of the high potential strains of C. subvermispora and L. edodes in improving the ruminal degradability of wheat straw of different maturities and cultivars was studied. The degradation of lignin by both fungi was more pronounced on mature straw (MS3; ~89.0%), compared to the MS1 (~70.7%). In contrast, cellulose was less degraded on MS3 compared to MS1 (~8.3 vs. 14.6%). The ‘preference’ of fungi in the delignification of a more mature straw was confirmed by Py-GC/MS. A higher abundance of the S-unit compounds was found on MS3, which made the mature straw more susceptible to fungal attack. A variable extent of degradation of lignin (47 to 93.5%) was observed when both fungi were grown on different straw cultivars. The high potential strains of C. subvermispora and L. edodes were able to improve the IVGP of various straw types. However, the magnitude of IVGP was only affected by different cultivars, but not by straw maturity. Research presented in this thesis discerned the biological variation of different fungal strains/species in modifying the cell wall contents, producing variable effects on the ruminal degradability of wheat straw. The new finding on the capability of some fungi to solubilize protein from the cell wall is important, which could pave the way for more advanced and in-depth studies in the future. The high potential strains selected in Chapter 3 were proven capable of improving the nutritive value of various batches of wheat straw, indicating the potential of bringing this eco-friendly pretreatment method into practice.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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