1,721,240 research outputs found
A Concept of Geo-Facts for Online Discourse in "Postfactual" Times in the Context of Spatial Planning
No full textThe paper discusses geo-facts and their importance in discussions. The context of the examples is spatial planning. It is assumed that geo-facts should be the basis for modern (trustworthy and reliable) e-participation in spatial planning processes. This is discussed in comparison with "alternative facts" and some ideas about necessary data on facts are presented.
Starting from an intuitive definition of facts we develop the concept of geo-facts, show their usefulness for discourse in a spatial planning environment, and points out some technical details. The paper discusses ideas and aims at presenting a vision rather than present a detailed evaluation and solution that is ready to be implemented. The goal of this paper is starting a discussion how expertise can be stored and used.The paper discusses geo-facts and their importance in discussions. The context of the examples is spatial planning. It is assumed that geo-facts should be the basis for modern (trustworthy and reliable) e-participation in spatial planning processes. This is discussed in comparison with "alternative facts" and some ideas about necessary data on facts are presented.
Starting from an intuitive definition of facts we develop the concept of geo-facts, show their usefulness for discourse in a spatial planning environment, and points out some technical details. The paper discusses ideas and aims at presenting a vision rather than present a detailed evaluation and solution that is ready to be implemented. The goal of this paper is starting a discussion how expertise can be stored and used
OpenStreetMap als kommunale Kartengrundlage
No full textDie digitalen Stadtpläne vieler Städte sind ungenau bzw. unvollständig. Ein Ansatz wäre es, mit freiwillig zur Verfügung gestellten geographischen Daten (VGI, Volunteered Geographic Information) Städte qualitativ hochwertig und dennoch günstig zu kartieren. Dieser Ansatz wurde in der Stadt L´Aquila in Italien erprobt. Als Kartierungsplattform wurde OpenStreetMap (OSM) gewählt. Es bezieht seine Stärke aus der Zusammenarbeit von tausenden freiwilligen Kontributoren. Zugleich liegt hier auch seine größte Schwäche. Im Gegensatz zu zentral gelenkten Kartenwerken besitzt OSM kein korrigierendes Organ für inkonsistente Darstellungen von gleichartigen Details. Dieses Signaturenproblem und ein Ansatz für eine mögliche Lösung wird gezeigt und diskutiert.The digital city maps of many cities are inaccurate or incomplete. A possible approach for mapping a city in high quality and with low costs could be volunteered geographic information (VGI). This approach war evaluated using the Italian city L´Aquila. The mapping platform used was OpenStreetMap (OSM). Its strength is the collaboration of thousands of volunteer mappers. At the same time, this is also its largest weakness. In contrast to centrally managed maps, OSM has no corrective body for inconsistent representations of similar details. This signature problem and an approach for a possible solution are shown and discussed
Combining 3D Cadastre and Public Law – An Austrian Perspective
No full text3D cadastres as currently designed aim at providing information on private rights (ownership, easements, etc.). However, from an economic perspective, public-law restrictions are at least equally important because they might restrict different kinds of use on the land. This has a dramatic impact on the value of the land. Since land value is crucial for investors or credit institutes, they are equally interested in public-law restrictions as they are interested in private rights. In addition, the 3D objects defined in a cadastre are typically seen as legally independent of each other. This is not always the case, e.g., each apartment in an apartment building must support the structure (apartments and other structure like the roof) above. This must be taken into consideration when defining separate 3D objects. The use of a public-law restriction would provide a simple solution to this. Other regulations may have more unpleasant effects. Asking adjacent land owners to provide land for public services is a standard method in spatial planning. The extent is determined by the planned structure and may be limited by legal rules. The same would be true for 3D structures because spatial planning usually does not only deal with 2D arrangements but also with height information. It is an unfortunate situation, for example, if a small building with only a ground floor is created in an area intended (and suitable) for skyscrapers. However, compulsory purchase could have unwanted effects in 3D systems and finally leads to the question of value: What is the value of a volume floating freely in space
Why Is Scale an Effective Descriptor for Data Quality? The Physical, Ontological Reasons for Imprecision and Level of Detail
No full text
Extension of Spatial Operations for Multi-Dimensional GIS
No full textExtension of spatial operations to support 3D and temporal objects
is an essential requirement toward a multi-dimensional GIS.
Current approach is extending each spatial operation to a new
multi-dimensional space with the least increase in complexity and
speed based on the characteristics of the operation at hand as well
as the destination space. Such operation- and dimensiondependent
view points have led to technical solutions which can
not be generalized. This research hypothesizes that studying
spatial operations via their dimension-independent properties can
bridge the artificial gap created in implementing a spatial
operation for static 2D, static 3D, moving 2D and moving 3D
objects. Algebraic structures - and specifically category theory -
play the role of an integrating framework for the research
Probabilistic latent semantic analysis as a potential method for integrating spatial data concepts
Full text linkIn this paper we explore the use of Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) as a method for quantifying semantic differences between land cover classes. The results are promising, revealing ‘hidden’ or not easily discernible data concepts. PLSA provides a ‘bottom up’ approach to interoperability problems for users in the face of ‘top down’ solutions provided by formal ontologies. We note the potential for a meta-problem of how to interpret the concepts and the need for further research to reconcile the top-down and bottom-up approaches
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Stereology for Multitemporal Images with an Application to Flooding
Full text linkThis paper presents stereology for flooded areas observed on a multitemporal remote sensing image. Stereology is a mathematical method to quantify objects at one dimension from simulated objects at a lower dimension. It was initially developed for geological and soil objects. Here it is applied to objects on multitemporal remote sensing images, i.e. for image mining. Image mining considers the chain from object identification from remote sensing images through modeling, tracking a series of images and prediction, towards communication to stakeholders. The paper introduces the estimation of the area size of the same object observed at various moments in time. It is illustrated with a case study on flooding of the Tongle Sap lake in from Cambodia
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