81 research outputs found
Estudio de las propiedades de los fotomultiplicadores de silicio (SiPM)
No full textA lo largo de este Trabajo de Fin de Máster, se pretende introducir el concepto de
fotomultiplicador de silicio (SiPM), explicar cómo funciona este tipo de detector de estado sólido, explorar sus parámetros de operación más importantes y trabajar con él en el laboratorio para aportar un conocimiento teórico y experimental que ayude a comprender su funcionamiento y potencial utilidad en experimentos presentes y futuros. Los propósitos principales de este trabajo son, por tanto, caracterizar adecuadamente el SiPM que se encuentra en el laboratorio especializado de Física de Partículas del Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos de la Universidad de Granada, conociendo bien su fundamento
teórico y dedicar una buena parte del tiempo a trabajar en el laboratorio en la medida
experimental de las magnitudes fundamentales como son los voltajes de operación, la
ganancia y las fuentes de ruido, así como la dependencia de las mismas con otras variables
como la temperatura. No sólo esto último aporta una primera y detallada experiencia en
un laboratorio de Física de Partículas, imprescindible a modo de base para los próximos años y con uno de los detectores de mayor proyección en la próxima década en muchos campos de la ciencia, sino que es el complemento perfecto a unos estudios de Licenciatura y a un Máster eminentemente teóricos, en los que son pocas las opciones de trabajar de verdad en un laboratorio en el que aprender a desenvolverse.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Física Teórica y del CosmosGrupo de Investigación Física de Altas Energías (FQM330
Review of Particle Physics
No full textThe Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062
new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the
recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical
particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and
search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics
such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter,
Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new
or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation.
The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group
(http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer
includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions
of some of the review articles is also available.The publication of the Review of Particle Physics is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the
U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE–AC02–05CH11231; by the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN); by an
implementing arrangement between the governments of Japan (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and
the United States (DOE) on cooperative research and development; by the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; and
by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN).The authors are grateful to Vincent Vennin for his careful reading
of this manuscript and preparing Fig. 23.3 for this review. The work
of J.E. was supported in part by the London Centre for Terauniverse
Studies (LCTS), using funding from the European Research Council
via the Advanced Investigator Grant 267352 and from the UK
STFC via the research grant ST/L000326/1. The work of D.W. was
supported in part by the UK STFC research grant ST/K00090X/1
Indirect Searches for Dark Matter in the Centre of the Milky Way with the IceCube Neutrino Telescope
No full textThe existence of dark matter is now well accepted in view of the wide variety of observations that have led to its postulate. Presently, the main objective of dark matter experiments is to identify the nature of this non-visible matter. Assuming that dark matter is composed of massive particles that interact weakly with matter, it is predicted that dark matter will produce Standard Model particles when annihilating or decaying. These Standard Model particles could, in turn, produce stable charged particles found in cosmic radiation, as well as gamma-rays and neutrinos. The Milky Way is expected to be immersed in a dark matter halo with an enhanced density towards its centre. This over density would amplify the probability of dark matter particles to annihilate, making the Galactic Centre an ideal target for indirect dark matter searches. In this thesis, two indirect searches for dark matter annihilation in the Galactic Centre using data collected by two neutrino telescopes are presented.The first analysis is a combined dark matter search using the ANTARES and the IceCube neutrino detectors. By combining a total of ~ 5.8 years and ~ 2.8 years of data collected respectively by ANTARES and IceCube, no neutrino excess was found in the direction of the Galactic Centre and limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section were set. The limits thus obtained show a considerable improvement compared to the previous results derived separately by the two telescopes, for dark matter masses ranging from 50 GeV to 1 TeV. In order to carry out this first joint analysis, the analysis method as well as the parameters of the different models have been unified, providing a benchmark for future similar searches.In the second analysis, a total of ~ 8.03 years of DeepCore data are used to search for neutrinos coming from dark matter annihilation in the centre of the galaxy at lower dark matter masses. This analysis aims to improve the detection potential for such a search. This low-energy dark matter search allows us to cover dark matter masses ranging from 5 GeV to 8 TeV. The sensitivities obtained for this analysis show considerable improvements over previous results from IceCube and other neutrino telescopes for the entire energy range considered.Doctorat en Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe
Search for ultra-high energy neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory
No full textTesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmo
Liquid Argon detectors for rare event searches
No full textIncluye la Introducción en españolTesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos. Leída el 20 de junio de 200
Construcción de una cámara de niebla
No full textEn el siguiente enlace puede visualizarse un vídeo corto que resume el trabajo: http://camara-de-niebla.blogspot.com.es/2014/06/contruccion-de-una-camara-de-niebla-de.htmlEl objetivo de este trabajo fue el de construir una cámara de niebla de difusión a partir de medios y materiales caseros, y comprender su funcionamiento y el de los procesos físicos que en ella tienen lugar a partir de la visualización e identificación de trazas de partículas provenientes de radiación ambiental. Este trabajo no se limitó a la construcción de un dispositivo que permite visualizar partículas, sino que se equipó con sensores de monitoraje de la temperatura, con un módulo de Arduino para la lectura de señales, un display LCD para mostrar de manera instantánea las medidas, un sistema de alerta basado en LEDs y un interfaz con ordenador para seguimiento continuo de la temperatura. Todos los programas de control y análisis fueron elaborados en el contexto de este trabajo. Así el dispositivo resultante es una herramienta que puede ser utilizada como material pedagógico útil para ilustrar de manera didáctica las diferentes partes de un detector de partículas, desde la visualización de partículas hasta el registro y procesado de datos.The objetive this work was to build a diffusion cloud chamber using household means and materials, and to understand its operation and the physical processes that take place in it from the display and identifcation of particle traces from ambient radiation.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos. Grado en Física, 2013-201
Search for Neutrino Non-Standard Interactions with ANTARES and KM3NeT-ORCA
No full textEl telescopio de neutrinos ANTARES y su sucesor de próxima generación, KM3NeT, ubicado en el
abismo del mar Mediterráneo, han sido diseñados para estudiar neutrinos de una variedad de fuentes en una
amplia gama de energías y líneas de base. Uno de los principales objetivos de los experimentos es medir los
efectos de la Tierra-materia derivados de la energía y la dependencia del ángulo cenital de los neutrinos
atmosféricos en el rango de varios GeV. El estudio de los neutrinos atmosféricos es fundamental para abordar
algunas de las cuestiones pendientes en la física de la oscilaciones de neutrinos, especialmente la cuestión
fundamental del ordenamiento de la masa de neutrinos, así como para probar nuevos escenarios físicos más allá
del modelo estándar.
En esta tesis, usamos los datos de ANTARES y exploramos el potencial físico de KM3NeT-ORCA (siendo ORCA el
componente de baja energía de KM3NeT) para medir los efectos subdominantes en las oscilaciones de neutrinos
atmosféricos jdebidas a las Interacciones no estándares de neutrinos (INE). El marco de simulación, basado en
Monte Carlo, que comprende la simulación de interacciones de neutrinos, generación de partículas y propagación
de luz, selección y reconstrucción de eventos, así como el tratamiento estadístico de datos e incertidumbres
sistemáticas, se ha descrito con gran detalle. Presentamos una búsqueda de verosimilitud de INE con 10 años de
datos de muón-neutrino atmosférico registrados con ANTARES y exploramos las proyecciones de sensitividad para
ORCA basadas en simulaciones realistas de los detectores. Además, describimos el impacto de las INE en el
potencial que tendrá ORCA para determinar el ordenamiento de masas de neutrinos. Además, se ha estimado la
sensitividad de ORCA para el octante de . Sorprendentemente, los límites obtenidos con ANTARES
excluyen las regiones permitidas hasta ahora de los datos experimentales actuales y representan el mejor límite
mundial en el sector hasta la fecha.The ANTARES neutrino telescope and its next-generation successor, KM3NeT, located in the abyss of the Mediterranean Sea, have been designed to study neutrinos from a variety of sources over a wide range of energies and baselines.
One of the primary
goals of the experiments is to measure the Earth-matter effects stemming from the energy and zenith angle dependence of the atmospheric neutrinos in the multi-GeV range.
The study of atmospheric neutrinos is instrumental in addressing some of the outstanding issues in neutrino oscillation physics, especially the fundamental question of the neutrino mass ordering, as well as probing new physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model.
In this thesis, we exploit the data of ANTARES and explore the physics potential of KM3NeT-ORCA (ORCA being the low energy component of KM3NeT) to measure the sub-dominant effects in the atmospheric neutrino oscillations vis-\`a-vis non-standard neutrino interactions (NSIs). The Monte Carlo
simulation framework, which comprises the simulation of neutrino interactions, particle generation and light propagation, event selection and reconstruction, as well as the statistical treatment of data and systematic uncertainties has been described in great detail. We present a likelihood search for NSIs with 10 years of atmospheric muon-neutrino data recorded with ANTARES and explore sensitivity projections for ORCA based on realistic detector simulations. Moreover, we outline the impact of NSIs on the discovery potential of ORCA towards the neutrino mass ordering. In addition, the sensitivity of ORCA towards the octant of has been reported. Remarkably, the bounds obtained with ANTARES excludes hitherto allowed regions from current experimental data, and represent the worldwide best limit in the sector up to date
Dark Matter and Solar Atmospheric Neutrino Searches with the KM3NeT-ORCA and ANTARES Neutrino Telescopes
No full textThe ANTARES neutrino telescope and its successor, KM3NeT, located in the sea bed of the
Mediterranean, have been designed to study neutrinos from a variety of sources over a
wide energy range. Both neutrino telescopes have a very broad scientific scope: the measurement
of the diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos, unveiling the origin of cosmic-rays, the
study of point–like astrophysical sources of neutrinos or the discovery of the mysterious
nature of dark matter.
This thesis collects the results of two different but related researches. On the one hand,
11 years of ANTARES data have been analyzed to perform a search for Solar Atmospheric
neutrino (SAνs). The study and understanding of SAνs is crucial at different levels. First,
the detection of SAνs can give indirect information about the primary cosmic-ray composition,
the propagation of charged particles in the solar medium and, consequently, help
the scientific community to understand the density and chemical structure of the Sun. Second,
these neutrinos could be used as a standard neutrino flux for detector calibration. Last
but not least, SAνs represent an unavoidable background for dark matter searches. On
the other hand, the performance of the KM3NeT-ORCA detector to perform dark matter
searches towards the Sun is studied. ORCA is the low energy component of KM3NeT, optimized
for the study of neutrinos created by cosmic–rays in the Earth’s atmospere. In this
thesis, dark matter is assumed to be made ofWeakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs)
that accumulate in celestial bodies. The privileged proximity of the Sun to the Earth makes
it a perfect candidate to perform indirect dark matter searches.
The Monte Carlo simulation framework in both detectors (ANTARES and KM3NeT), which
includes the simulation of neutrino interactions, particle generation and light propagation,
event selection and reconstruction, as well as the statistical treatment of data and systematic
uncertainties have been described in great detail.
The search of SAνs with 11 years of ANTARES data, based in a likelihood method, gives
no evidence for a solar atmospheric neutrino signal above the expected background. An
upper limit at 90% confidence level on the flux of solar atmospheric neutrinos is obtained
to be equal to 7×10−11 [TeV−1cm−2s−1] at Eν = 1 TeV for the reference model assumed.
In the second part of the thesis, the discovery potential of the ORCA detector is evaluated.
Our results show that ORCA is potentially competitive in the search for dark matter in the
Sun, surpassing the previous results from the ANTARES and SK searches, and being close
to the IceCube results.Tesis Univ. Granada
Interoperability between systems of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography
No full textAbstract: Even though in the early stages of the cycle of implementation of an IR (institutional repository), this is considered as an isolated system, immediately, are needs that the IR interoperate with other systems in the Organization, becoming part of what we might call the ecosystem of institutional research. As this required systemic interoperability elements, would emphasize, as key for the simplification of the system of work offered to researchers of Oceanography and Marine Resources, the integration of e-IEO (Spanish Institute of Oceanography digital institutional open access repository) with SIPI (database of monitoring integrated research projects), which is part of the system of management of research of the IEO. The various elements that the Spanish Institute of Oceanography is incorporating into your repository to achieve effective integration with other systems of the Organization, among which we highlight are: 1. Integration of DSpace and SIPI, describing the technological, procedural and organizational elements required to achieve semantic and technical interoperability between the two systems and the researchers avoid the double file. 2. Standardization of the names of the author, through the implementation of authority control from DSpace, emphasizing the model chosen in e-IEO, the requirements to implement this improvement and the gains. 3. Adoption of identifiers ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) for the identification and detection of ambiguities and duplications in the names of the researchers, using a unique identifier of author of wide dissemination and use. ORCID is connected to other current author identification systems as Author Resolver, Inspire, IraLIS, Scopus Author Identifier and others. 4. Inclusion of specific controlled vocabularies of marine sciences (marine resources, fisheries, etc.) as a mechanism for improving capabilities of search and discovery of the items, and to enable semantic interoperability and increase the visibility of items in repositories and harvesters.Resumen: Aun cuando habitualmente en las primeras fases del ciclo de implantación de un RI (repositorio institucional), este se considera como un sistema aislado, inmediatamente, aparecen necesidades para que el RI interopere con el resto de sistemas de la organización, pasando a formar parte de lo que podríamos denominar el ecosistema de investigación institucional. Como elementos de esta necesaria interoperabilidad sistémica, destacaríamos, como pieza clave para la simplificación del sistema de trabajo ofrecido a los investigadores de recursos marinos y oceanografía, la integración de e-IEO (Repositorio Institucional Digital de Acceso Abierto del Instituto Español de Oceanografía) con SIPI (sistema de Seguimiento Integrado de Proyectos de Investigación), que forma parte del Sistema de Gestión de Investigación del IEO. Se presentan los diversos elementos que el Instituto Español de Oceanografía está incorporando a su repositorio para lograr, de forma efectiva, la integración con el resto de sistemas de la organización, entre los que destacamos: 1. Integración de DSpace y SIPI, describiendo los elementos tecnológicos, procedimentales y organizativos necesarios para lograr la interoperabilidad semántica y técnica entre ambos sistemas y evitar a los investigadores el doble archivo. 2. Estandarización de los nombres de autor, mediante la implantación del control de autoridades (authority control) de DSpace, haciendo hincapié en el modelo elegido en e-IEO, en los requerimientos para aplicar esta mejora y en las ventajas obtenidas. 3. Adopción de identificadores ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) para la identificación y detección de ambigüedades y duplicidades en los nombres de los investigadores, usando un identificador único de autor de amplia difusión y uso. ORCID está conectado a otros sistemas actuales de identificación de autor como Author Resolver, Inspire, IraLIS, Scopus Author Identifier y otros. 4. Inclusión de vocabularios controlados específicos de ciencias marinas (recursos marinos, pesquerías, etc.) como mecanismo de mejora de las capacidades de búsqueda y descubrimiento de los ítems, y para posibilitar la interoperabilidad semántica e incrementar la visibilidad de los ítems en repositorios y recolectores.Instituto Español de Oceanografí
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