1,720,996 research outputs found
How Does Investing in Cheap Labour Countries Affect Performances at Home? France and Italy
No full textPromoting the Strong or Supporting the Weak? Technological Gaps and Segmented Labour Markets in Sub-Sahara African Industry
Full text linkRéponse des entreprises camerounaises à la dévaluation du franc CFA
No full textThis article assesses the impact of the CFAF devaluation on industrial enterprises in Cameroon. Using detailed survey data spanning the 1992-95 period, the article documents and interprets firms' reactions to the devaluation in terms of adjustments in output, factor usage, market orientation and productivity. The article shows that the CFAFdevaluation had the expected effect of increasing the return to producing tradable goods, and increased the real cost of using importing intermediate goods. Despite slow output growth, the pooled sample registered a cumulative rate of productivity growth exceeding 6% over the 1992/93 to 1994/95 period. Exporters appear to have done better than non-exporters, and medium-sized firms appear to have done the worst. These results are robust with respect to measurement technique, and can be obtained using either production or cost data. Hence encouraging signs of efficiency gains are present. The devaluation also influenced export supplies. Firms with low unit costs were relatively likely to become exporters, and tradable goods producers, who were favoured by the devaluation, expanded output. However, the number of firms in our sample that exported did not increase dramatically after the devaluation.Cet article évalue l'impact de la dévaluation du franc CFA sur les entreprises industrielles au Cameroun. Utilisant des données rassemblées au cours d'enquêtes détaillées effectuées au cours de la période 1992-1995, l'article montre et interprète les réactions des entreprises à la dévaluation en termes d'ajustements de la production et des facteurs de production, de la nouvelle orientation des marchés et de l'évolution de la productivité. Cet article montre que la dévaluation du franc CFA a eu des effets conformes à ceux qui étaient initialement attendus soient d'accroître le rendement de la production des biens échangeables et d'augmenter le coût réel de l'utilisation des biens intermédiaires importés. Malgré la faible croissance de la production, la croissance cumulée de la productivité de 1992/93 à 1994/95 a été supérieure à 6 % pour l'ensemble de l'échantillon. Les exportateurs semblent avoir mieux réussi que les non-exportateurs et ce sont les entreprises moyennes qui ont obtenu les plus mauvais résultats. Ces estimations sont basées sur des instruments de mesure robustes et peuvent être obtenus en utilisant des données de production ou de coûts. Des signes encourageants de gains de productivité sont donc évidents. La dévaluation a aussi influencé l'offre d'exportations. Les entreprises dont les coûts unitaires étaient relativement faibles avaient plus de chances de devenir exportatrices et les producteurs de biens échangeables, qui ont bénéficié de la dévaluation, ont augmenté leur production. Néanmoins, le nombre d'entreprises exportatrices n'a pas augmenté de façon spectaculaire après la dévaluation.Tybout James R., Gauthier Bernard, Navaretti Giorgio Barba, de Melo Jaime. Réponse des entreprises camerounaises à la dévaluation du franc CFA. In: Revue d'économie du développement, 4e année N°4, 1996. Zone franc et dévaluation des francs CFA. Politique de change – II. pp. 5-39
From learning to partnership : multinational research and development cooperation in developing countries
Full text linkThe authors analyze the determinants of interfirm agreements between industrial and developing countries for research and development (R&D) - that is, between firms with asymmetric endowments of knowledge. They develop a model in which a multinational has two options: a) setting up a subsidiary and competing with a local firm in a duopoly, or b) implementing an agreement and sharing monopoly profits. The two firms, if they chose the agreement, may also cooperate in R&D. The model shows that: a) the choice of cooperating in R&D is influenced by the intertemporal preferences of the developing country firm, the relative efficiency in R&D of the two firms, and the extent of knowledge spillovers; and b) the choice of cooperating R&D increases both the profitability and stability of the agreement. The empirical analysis is based on a data set of international arm's length agreements, part of which involve joint R&D. Testing the two-choice model supports some of the key theoretical results and assumptions. R&D agreements are particularly likely to emerge when firms are operating in knowledge-intensive industries, when the partners have a nonhierarchical contractual relationship, and when technological asymmetries between home and host countries exist but are not too great.Economic Theory&Research,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Environmental Economics&Policies,Small and Medium Size Enterprises,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Scientific Research&Science Parks,Science Education,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
Introduction and summary to the Handbook of Trade Policy and WTO Accession for Development in Russia and the CIS
Full text linkThis paper is the introduction and summary chapter of the 43 chapter volume entitled Handbook of Trade Policy and WTO Accession for Development in Russia and the CIS. The key policy conclusions of each of the chapters are highlighted in this paper. The Handbook will be published only in Russian in 2005, but an English language version of the majority of the papers described here is available on the website www.worldbank.org/trade/russia-wto. This paper first explains the potential importance of World Trade Organization (WTO) accession as a development tool, and discusses the recent successful development models and the role of trade policy in their development. The paper then summarizes the three parts of the Handbook. The first part treats trade policy (with applications to Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States [CIS]). The second part treats World Trade Organization institutions and disciplines, again with Russia and CIS applications. And the third part focuses on various aspects of the impact of WTO accession on Russia. The numerous papers that relate trade policy and WTO accession to experience in Russia and the CIS are likely to be of special interest to native English speakers, since these papers are new to the literature. The papers in the Handbook are intended to be non-technical materials accessible to a wide policy audience. The Handbook forms the basis of a World Bank Institute course on trade policy and WTO accession, which has been delivered and will be delivered again on multiple occasions
Few Large with Many Small : Banks Size Distribution and Cross-Border Financial Linkages
Full text linkWe estimate the effect of the distribution of banks by asset size on a country’s propensity to engage in cross-border banking. Countries where the distribution of banks by asset size is more skewed to the right (with few large and many small banks) lend more abroad and are recipients of more funds from foreign banks. This is consistent with the fact that large banks, with easier access to the international financial markets, act as a hub for smaller banks and at the same time stand out as safer too-big-to fail counterparts for foreign partners
Introduction and summary to the Handbook of Trade Policy and WTO Accession for Development in Russia and the CIS
Full text linkThis paper is the introduction and summary chapter of the 43 chapter volume entitled Handbook of Trade Policy and WTO Accession for Development in Russia and the CIS. The key policy conclusions of each of the chapters are highlighted in this paper. The Handbook will be published only in Russian in 2005, but an English language version of the majority of the papers described here is available on the website www.worldbank.org/trade/russia-wto. This paper first explains the potential importance of World Trade Organization (WTO) accession as a development tool, and discusses the recent successful development models and the role of trade policy in their development. The paper then summarizes the three parts of the Handbook. The first part treats trade policy (with applications to Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States [CIS]). The second part treats World Trade Organization institutions and disciplines, again with Russia and CIS applications. And the third part focuses on various aspects of the impact of WTO accession on Russia. The numerous papers that relate trade policy and WTO accession to experience in Russia and the CIS are likely to be of special interest to native English speakers, since these papers are new to the literature. The papers in the Handbook are intended to be non-technical materials accessible to a wide policy audience. The Handbook forms the basis of a World Bank Institute course on trade policy and WTO accession, which has been delivered and will be delivered again on multiple occasions.TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Trade Policy,World Trade Organization
Multinational Firms in the World Economy/ Anthony J. Venables, Giorgio Barba Navaretti.
No full textIn English.Depending on one's point of view, multinational enterprises are either the heroes or the villains of the globalized economy. Governments compete fiercely for foreign direct investment by such companies, but complain when firms go global and move their activities elsewhere. Multinationals are seen by some as threats to national identities and wealth and are accused of riding roughshod over national laws and of exploiting cheap labor. However, the debate on these companies and foreign direct investment is rarely grounded on sound economic arguments. This book brings clarity to the debate. With the contribution of other leading experts, Giorgio Barba Navaretti and Anthony Venables assess the determinants of multinationals' actions, investigating why their activity has expanded so rapidly, and why some countries have seen more such activity than others. They analyze their effects on countries that are recipients of inward investments, and on those countries that see multinational firms moving jobs abroad. The arguments are made using modern advances in economic analysis, a case study, and by drawing on the extensive empirical literature that assesses the determinants and consequences of activity by multinationals. The treatment is rigorous, yet accessible to all readers with a background in economics, whether students or professionals. Drawing out policy implications, the authors conclude that multinational enterprises are generally a force for the promotion of prosperity in the world economy.Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- 1 Facts and Issues -- 2 The Multinational Enterprise: an Overview of Theory and Empirical Findings -- 3 Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment: Product Market Access -- 4 Vertical Foreign Direct Investment: Input Costs and Factor Prices -- 5 Multinationals: the Firm and the Market -- 6 Determinants of FDI: the Evidence -- 7 Host Country Effects: Conceptual Framework and the Evidence -- 8 FDI and the Host Economy: a Case Study of Ireland -- 9 Home Country Effects of Foreign Direct Investment -- 10 Policy Implications and Effects -- 11 Conclusions -- Appendix A. Statistical Definitions and Databases on Foreign Direct Investment and the Activities of Multinationals -- Glossary -- References -- Index1 online resource (352 p.)
Fiat Chrysler’s story shows that manufacturing can be viableand successful in mature western economies
No full textIs there a future for industry in Europe and North America? Giorgio Barba Navaretti and Gianmarco Ottaviano use the example of the newly merged transatlantic car-maker Fiat Chrysler to debunk a number of myths about the nature of manufacturing and its viability in the mature economies of the West
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