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FIGURE 8 in Polygonatum tungnathensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India
No full textFIGURE 8. Pollen structure. (A, C, E) Polygonatum tungnathensis. (B, D, F) P. verticillatum. (A, B) Larger vs smaller. (C, D) Tricolpate vs monosulcate. (E, F) Colpus extended almost towards the grain end, pollen ornamentation heterobrochate reticulation.Published as part of Singh, Ankit, Singh, Harsh & Nautiyal, Mohan Chandra, 2022, Polygonatum tungnathensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India, pp. 163-175 in Phytotaxa 554 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/682094
Polygonatum Miller 1754
No full textKey to the genus Polygonatum from Western Himalaya 1a. Leaves opposite......................................................................................................................................................... P. graminifolium 1b. Leaves alternate or whorled................................................................................................................................................................2 2a. Stem less than 10 cm; flowers erect..................................................................................................................................... P. hookeri 2b. Stem more than 20 cm, flowers pendulous........................................................................................................................................3 3a. Leaves alternate............................................................................................................................................................. P. multiflorum 3b. Leaves whorled...................................................................................................................................................................................4 4a. Leaf apex curved or coiled, tendril-like........................................................................................................................ P.cirrhifolium 4b. Leaf apex acute, straight, not curved or coiled...................................................................................................................................5 5a. Leaves broad lanceolate; pedicel with bractlets......................................................................................................... P. tungnathensis 5b. Leaves narrowly lanceolate; pedicel without bractlets................................................................................................ P. verticillatumPublished as part of Singh, Ankit, Singh, Harsh & Nautiyal, Mohan Chandra, 2022, Polygonatum tungnathensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India, pp. 163-175 in Phytotaxa 554 (2) on page 172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/682094
Polygonatum tungnathensis Ankit Singh, Harsh Singh & M. C. Nautiyal 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPolygonatum tungnathensis Ankit Singh, Harsh Singh & M.C. Nautiyal sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Type:— INDIA, Uttarakhand, Tungnath, 30 ° 29ʹ33.88ʹʹ N, 79 ° 12ʹ58.03ʹʹ E, 3330 m, 15 July 2020, Ankit Singh Rawat 202145 (holotype GHU!; isotypes: BSD!). Diagnosis:—The new species possess few similar morphological characters to P. verticillatum like its appearance, arrangement of leaves and its inflorescence (Fig. 3) but, differs in having broadly lanceolate shaped leaves, 1.6–2.8 cm wide, adaxially coriaceous (vs narrow lanceolate, 0.6–1.5 cm wide, adaxially leathery lustrous in P. verticillatum), abaxial leaf surface papillate (P. tungnathensis) vs non papillate (P. verticillatum), filament with semi oval shaped papillae (vs sharply pointed papillae), pedicel having bractlet or ruminant of bractlet (vs pedicel without bractlet) (Table 1, Figs. 2–9). Description:—Erect or slightly arching perennial terrestrial herb, stem 63.3–160.6 cm high. Rhizome branched, tuberous subterete, terete, usually parallel to soil surface, 5–20 cm deep in soil, 14.9–23.5 cm long and diameter 1.3–2.1 cm, stem glabrous, terete with red blotches sometime with angular up to 160 cm and 0.8–1.3 cm in diameter dark red, pink, yellow and rarely green maculate/blotch. Leaves in whorls of, 4–6 lanceolate, slightly falcate, 7.5–11.5 × 1.6–2.8 cm sessile, base obtuse, margin entire, apex subobtuse, acute, adaxially green with purple or red blotches at base and apex occasionally with purple midvein and glaucous abaxially, vein red maculate abaxially, veins prominent 8–12. Stipule late deciduous (in comparison to P. verticillatum), 7.4–9.7 × 0.6–1.2 cm. Inflorescence axillary raceme, pendulous, 2–5 flowered, perianth tube in bud stage slightly pinched at middle, at maturity, 0.8–1.0 × 0.3–0.5 cm, campanulate, yellowish occasionally with red or purple blotch, subtruncate to round base, perianth lobes 6, green with dark green strip at middle, 0.4–0.7 × 0.3–0.45 cm, ovate, oblong, floccose at tip. Peduncle slender 1.3–2.1 cm long. Pedicels 0.3–0.6 cm long, with ruminant of bractlet and occasionally with 2 leafy bractlet (Fig. 2I). Stamens 6, basally adnate to perianth tube, papillose 0.5–0.8 cm long, anther elongate, base bilobed, oblong, 0.1–0.2 cm long. Ovary glabrous, superior trilocular, style floccose, stigma 0.2–0.3 cm long. Fruits berry, ellipsoid, green with red or pink blotches when immature, bright red when mature, 0.2–1.4 cm in diameter, 3–10 seeded. Seeds round semi-spheroid. SEM micromorphology:—SEM micromorphology of P. tungnathensis significantly differ with P. verticillatum, especially in foliar surface ornamentation. Abaxial leaf surface papillate vs non papillate (Figs. 4 A, C, B, D) small outgrowth scattered vs densely ornamented (Figs. 4 E, F). Leaf adaxial cuticular ridges conspicuous (longitudinally elongated and transversely narrowed) vs obscure (Figs. 5 A, B) rectangular cuticle surface vs irregular surface (Figs. 5 C, D) dense outgrowth vs scattered (Figs.5 E, F), ruminant of bractlet are small and resemblance like minute thorn (Figs. 6). Filament with dense semi oval shaped having striate surface of papillae vs filament with sharply pointed papillae (Figs. 7 (A, B). Non papillate filament vs papillate filament, (Figs. 7 A, C, B, D) rugulate-perforate vs smooth surface of flower outer side (Figs. 7 E, F). Larger vs smaller pollen grains (Figs. 8 A, B), tricolpate vs monosulcate (pollen type) (Figs. 8 C, D), colpus extended almost towards the grain end pollen ornamentation reticulate; the murus is psilate (Figs. 8 E, F). In P. tungnathensis the seed ornamentation is irregular shaped pavement cells vs conspicuous rectangular shape of pavement cells in P. verticillatum (Figs. 9 C, D), and granulate vs smooth surface ornamentation of seeds (Figs. 9 E, F). Specimens examined:— P. tungnathensis:— INDIA. Himachal Pradesh, on the way to Hattu peak, September 1994, Bipin Balodi 88755 (BSD); Uttarakhand, India, Uttarakhand, above Tungnath, 30 ° 29ʹ33.88ʹʹ N, 79 ° 12ʹ58.03ʹʹ E, 3330 m, 16 July 2020, Ankit Singh Rawat 202146 (paratype GUH). Garhwal, Buhna 3000 m, 15 June 1959, M.A. Rau 10214 (BSD); Garhwal, Dunagiri, 3400 m, 21 August 1974, B.D. Naithani 54126 (BSD); Hemkund on the way, 3400 m, 2 October 1962, U.C. Bhattacharyya 24293 (BSD); Tehri Garhwal, Panwali, 4000 m, 25 May 1979, A. K. Goel 66658 (BSD); Chamoli, Roopkund, P. K. Hajra, 87663 (BSD); Pithoragarh, Dugtu, 8 August 1998, B.P. Uniyal & Bipin Balodi 93965 (BSD); Uttarkashi, on the way to Hari ki Doon, 20 August 1996, Bipin Balodi 92172 (BSD). P. verticillatum:— INDIA. Uttarakhand, Garhwal, Gourikund, 2400 m, 13 October 1965, N.C. Nair 35914 (BSD); Uttarkashi, Way to Yamunotri, 4 October 1993, S.C. Majumdar & S. Singh 88010 (BSD); Bhojbasa, Gaumukh, 3700 m, 2 Sep 1983, D.C. Bhattacharyya 74742, (BSD); On the way to Jakhol, May 1997, Bipin Balodi 86558 (BSD); Gangotri, On the way to Kedarkharak, 28 July 2002, P. K. Pusalkar 101733 (BSD); Tehri Garhwal, Kalyani, 3000 m, 14 September 1979, A. K. Goel 67776 (BSD); On the way to Khatling, 3500 m, 14 Aug 1978, A. K. Goel, 64471 (BSD); Tali, 4300 m, 21 May 1979, A. K. Goel 66625 (BSD); Jamnotri, 18 June 1965, B.P. Shetty & J.P. Sharma 33195 (BSD); Pauri Garhwal, Dobri forest, 10 May 1995, B.P. Uniyal 90675 (BSD); Chamoli, Duggalbhitta P.W.D. R.H., 2300 m, 23 May 1985, R.R. Rao 76245 (BSD). Flowering:—July–August. Fruiting:—September–October. Etymology:—The specific epithet ‘ tungnathensis ’ is derived from the type locality Tungnath, Uttarakhand. Distribution:— 3000–4000 m from treeline to subalpine zone of the Western Himalaya. Conservation status:— Polygonatum tungnathensis occurs in small fragmented population in gentle grassy and rocky slopes. Populations are severely affected by intense grazing, unscientific harvesting for its medicinal uses, habitat reduction and irregular tourism activity. The species assessed as Vulnerable on the basis of extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) (B1B2a) and number of mature individuals (C2ai,D1). Habitat and ecology:—Usually erect or arching herb associated with Tenaxia cachemyriana (Jaubert & Spach 1851:331) Barker & Linder (2010:352), Rhododendron campanulatum Don David. (1821:410) and Impatiens sulcata Wallich (1824:458).Published as part of Singh, Ankit, Singh, Harsh & Nautiyal, Mohan Chandra, 2022, Polygonatum tungnathensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India, pp. 163-175 in Phytotaxa 554 (2) on pages 164-171, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.554.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/682094
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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