5 research outputs found
AN ANALYSIS OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE FOUND IN TWILIGHT SAGA POEM BY STEPHENIE MEYERS
No full textABSTRACTLiterary work is a work in which the writer aims to present her work that has anaesthetic impression. There are literary works such as prose, poetry or drama. To make a poemmore beautiful and easy to understand, a writer needs to understand the rules of making a goodpoem. This study aimed to analyze the types of figurative language found in Twilight Saga’sPoem and the meaning of the figurative language found in Twilight Saga’s poems. The datawere taken from the Twilight Saga poem adapted from the novel of Stephanie Meyers. Thedata were collected by using observation methods with the following steps: downloading andreading the poem, and then selecting the data which use figurative language. The data wereanalyzed by using qualitative method. Regarding the analysis, there are two theories used inthis research: theory of Figurative Language by Perrine (1977) and theory of Meaning by Leech(1981). For the results, there was found 17 data, includes: simile (2 items or 12,5%), metaphor(1 items or 6,3%), personification (2 items or 12,5%), synecdoche (2 item or 12,5%), symbol(4 items or 25%), hyperbole (3 item or 18,7%) and irony (2 item or 12,5%). The dominanttypes of figurative language are symbol and hyperbole because the author places moreemphasis in choosing beautiful words to make the poems more interesting and meaningful.Keywords: figurative language, meaning, poemABSTRAKKarya sastra adalah suatu karya yang bertujuan untuk menyajikan karyanya yangberkesan estetik, ada karya sastra seperti prosa, puisi atau drama. Agar puisi lebih indah danmudah dipahami, penulis perlu memahami aturan pembuatan puisi yang baik. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis bahasa kiasan yang ditemukan dalam Puisi Twilight Sagadan makna bahasa kiasan yang terdapat dalam puisi Twilight Saga. Data ini diambil dari puisiberjudul Twilight Saga yang diadaptasi dari novel Stephanie Meyers. Metode yang digunakandalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan menyajikan gambaran data.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi dengan langkah-langkah sebagaiberikut: mengunduh dan membaca puisi, kemudian memilih data yang menggunakan bahasakiasan. Dalam analisis data, ada dua teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teoriFigurative Language oleh Perrine (1977) dan teori Meaning oleh Leech (1981). Dari hasilpenelitian didapatkan 17 data yang meliputi: simile (2 items or 12,5%), metaphor (1 items or6,3%), personification (2 items or 12,5%), synecdoche (2 item or 12,5%), symbol (4 items or25%), hyperbole (3 item or 18,7%) and irony (2 item or 12,5%). Jenis bahasa kiasan yangdominan adalah simbol dan hiperbola karena penulis lebih menekankan pada pemilihan katakatayang indah untuk membuat puisinya menjadi menarik dan penuh makna.Kata Kunci: bahasa kiasan, makna, puis
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Evaluation of fireground exposures using urinary PAH metabolites
No full textBackground: Firefighters have increased cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to the general population, and are exposed to multiple products of combustion including known and suspected carcinogens. Objective: The study objective was to quantify fire response exposures by role and self-reported exposure risks. Methods: Urinary hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH-OHs) were measured at baseline and 2–4 h after structural fires and post-fire surveys were collected. Results: Baseline urine samples were collected from 242 firefighters. Of these, 141 responded to at least one of 15 structural fires and provided a post-fire urine. Compared with baseline measurements, the mean fold change of post-fire urinary PAH-OHs increased similarly across roles, including captains (2.05 (95% CI 1.59–2.65)), engineers (2.10 (95% CI 1.47–3.05)), firefighters (2.83 (95% CI 2.14–3.71)), and paramedics (1.84 (95% CI 1.33–2.60)). Interior responses, smoke odor on skin, and lack of recent laundering or changing of hoods were significantly associated with increased post-fire urinary PAH-OHs. Significance: Ambient smoke from the fire represents an exposure hazard for all individuals on the fireground; engineers and paramedics in particular may not be aware of the extent of their exposure. Post-fire surveys identified specific risks associated with increased exposure. © 2021, The Author(s).Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
The Politics of the Idea of Partnership: From contemporary aid policy to local health governance in practice in Zambia
No full textThis thesis explores the idea of partnership in contemporary aid policy and practice. Drawing on a multi-disciplinary body of literature that is broadly ‘constructivist’ in orientation, and using the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the health Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp) and the health sector in Zambia as case studies, the research uniquely explores how (and why) the idea of partnership is a pervasive feature in aid policy, and how this relates to and shapes local practice, including the practice of politics that this enjoins.
Drawing on textual analysis of policy documents and on qualitative field research conducted in Zambia between November 2008 and July 2009, the thesis provides a number of important and novel insights. Firstly, it shows how the idea of partnership began its contemporary life in the socio-political relations of aid institutions and in the context of an aid crisis in the 1990s. Secondly, it shows how the idea travelled ideationally and geographically, through an elite network of aid agency actors (cf. Mosse, 2007), eventually becoming an expected and symbolic motif of aid policy. Thirdly, the thesis suggests why partnership remains a pervasive policy idea; featuring in SWAp and Global Fund policy because it symbolically conceals the existence of different perspectives about the right relations of health and developmental governance. Fourthly, and at the same time, the thesis shows how partnership is dominantly constructed in aid policy in a depoliticised way – as a technical and economic way to organise action – due to the prevailing power of donor governments and aid agencies in the socio-political processes that produce aid policy and the context of inequality in which aid is governed. Finally, the thesis shows how the depoliticisation of policy is ‘unravelled’ in the health sector in Zambia as partnership is translated, in and through the politics of collaboration, contestation, and compromise (Mosse, 2007, p.2, 2005a p.645; Rossi, 2006; Bending and Rosendo, 2006). This shapes, contorts and constrains local health governance in diverse and unexpected ways
Emergence of a multidrug-resistant and virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae lineage mediates serotype replacement after PCV13: an international whole-genome sequencing study
No full text© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Serotype 24F is one of the emerging pneumococcal serotypes after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). We aimed to identify lineages driving the increase of serotype 24F in France and place these findings into a global context. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing was performed on a collection of serotype 24F pneumococci from asymptomatic colonisation (n=229) and invasive disease (n=190) isolates among individuals younger than 18 years in France, from 2003 to 2018. To provide a global context, we included an additional collection of 24F isolates in the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing (GPS) project database for analysis. A Global Pneumococcal Sequence Cluster (GPSC) and a clonal complex (CC) were assigned to each genome. Phylogenetic, evolutionary, and spatiotemporal analysis were conducted using the same 24F collection and supplemented with a global collection of genomes belonging to the lineage of interest from the GPS project database (n=25 590). Findings: Serotype 24F was identified in numerous countries mainly due to the clonal spread of three lineages: GPSC10 (CC230), GPSC16 (CC156), and GPSC206 (CC7701). GPSC10 was the only multidrug-resistant lineage. GPSC10 drove the increase in 24F in France and had high invasive disease potential. The international dataset of GPSC10 (n=888) revealed that this lineage expressed 16 other serotypes, with only six included in 13-valent PCV (PCV13). All serotype 24F isolates were clustered in a single clade within the GPSC10 phylogeny and long-range transmissions were detected from Europe to other continents. Spatiotemporal analysis showed GPSC10-24F took 3–5 years to spread across France and a rapid change of serotype composition from PCV13 serotype 19A to 24F during the introduction of PCV13 was observed in neighbouring country Spain. Interpretation: Our work reveals that GPSC10 alone is a challenge for serotype-based vaccine strategy. More systematic investigation to identify lineages like GPSC10 will better inform and improve next-generation preventive strategies against pneumococcal diseases. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
