462 research outputs found
State of the art of prosthesis simulators for the upper limb: A narrative review
No full textBackground: Research into prosthesis training and design puts a burden on the small population of people with upper-limb absence who can participate in these studies. One solution is to use a prosthetic hand simulator, which allows for attaching a hand prosthesis to an intact limb. However, whether the results of prosthesis simulator studies can be translated to people with upper-limb absence using a hand prosthesis is unclear. Objective: To review the literature on prosthetic hand simulators, provide an overview of current designs, and highlight the differences and similarities between prosthesis simulators and traditional prostheses. Methods: A Boolean combination of keywords was used to search 3 electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Relevant articles in English were selected. Results: In total, 52 papers were included in the review, and an overview of the state of the art was presented. We identified the key differences between prosthesis simulators and traditional prostheses as the position of the terminal device and the available degrees of freedom of the arm and (prosthetic) wrist. Conclusions: This paper provides an overview of prosthesis simulator designs over the past 27 years and an overview of the similarities and differences between prosthesis simulators and prostheses. The literature does not provide enough evidence to establish whether the results obtained from simulator studies could be translated to prostheses. A recommendation for future simulator design is to constrain pro- and supination of the forearm of anatomically intact participants and add a prosthetic wrist that can pro- and supinate. Additional research is required to find the ideal terminal device position for a prosthesis simulator with respect to the person's hand.Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technolog
A step toward bridging the mental health gap using the internet:Internet interventions for common mental health disorders in low and middle income countries, and treating depression in Indonesia
Get PDFDepression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease, including in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where the prevalence is reported to be around 4.2%. However, treatment availability is far from ideal in LMICs, known as the mental health gap (World Health Organization). Indonesia is one of these LMICs. The need to improve treatment availability for mental health problems in Indonesia is widely recognized. Because Indonesia is an archipelago, mental health facilities are unequally distributed. Therefore, innovative strategies to address the mental health gap and improve access to treatment in Indonesia and other LMICs need to be developed, including use of technology in combination with delivery by non-specialists to facilitate access. Guided Act and Feel Indonesia (GAF-ID) is an internet-based intervention for depression that is guided by trained lay counselors and based on a treatment protocol for behavioral activation that has been adapted to the Indonesian context. In a randomized clinical trial, we investigated the effectiveness of internet-based behavioural activation with lay counselor support compared to online minimal psychoeducation without support for depression in 313 participants in Indonesia. Depressive symptoms were significantly lower over 10 weeks and chance of remission was 50% higher in the GAF-ID group than in the online psychoeducation group. The effect was sustained over time – with an effect size 0·27 at 6 months. This may open up new ways to bridge the mental health gap in LMICs
Supplementary materials to "Explaining the efficacy of an internet-based behavioral activation intervention for major depression: A mechanistic study of a randomized-controlled trial"
No full textSupplementary materials to: Fu, Z., Burger, H., Arjadi, R., Nauta, M. H., & Bockting, C. L. H. (2021). Explaining the efficacy of an internet-based behavioral activation intervention for major depression: A mechanistic study of a randomized-controlled trial. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 3(3), Article e5467. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.5467The Supplementary Material contains detailed results for the mediation examination in simplex models with depression as mediato
E-health for children with anxiety disorders: a joint effort!
No full textComputers en internet zijn niet meer weg te denken uit de maatschappij en hebben ook hun intrek genomen in de geestelijke gezondheidszorg (ggz). Zeker voor kinderen en jongeren, die opgroeien met allerlei digitale toepassingen en veel online zijn, ligt het voor de hand om gebruik te maken van deze mogelijkheden. Voor de behandeling van angststoornissen bij kinderen en jongeren zijn de eerste studies verschenen waaruit blijkt dat e-health een effectieve behandeling kan zijn, vooral wanneer gezinnen zelf op zoek zijn gegaan naar onlinebehandeling, bijvoorbeeld wanneer reguliere ggz niet bereikbaar of niet beschikbaar is. Er bestaan verschillende vormenvan e-healthprogramma’s voor verschillende doelgroepen. In deze bijdrage worden vier van deze programma’s voor kinderen met angststoornissen beschreven en wordt besproken hoe de rol van de behandelaar wordt ingevuld bij het begeleiden van een cd-rombehandeling, bij pure e-mailfeedback en bij blended behandeling, een mix van online- en face-to-facecontact. Toekomstig onderzoek zal moeten uitwijzen op welke manier e-health het best kan worden ingezet in de ggz om zo effectief mogelijke zorg te verlenen.Trefwoorden: angststoornissen, kinderen, e-health, cognitieve gedragstherapieComputers and the Internet have undeniably become an essential part of society and have also found their way to mental health care facilities. It makes sense to use these online opportunities especially in children and adolescents, who grow up with these digital applications and spend much time online. In the treatment of anxiety disorders in youth, first studies have shown that e-health interventions can be effective, especially when families themselvessubscribed to such an online intervention, for instance when regular mental health care was not accessible or not available. There are various forms of e-health programs for different target groups. In this article, four of these programs are described for children with anxiety disorders. Moreover, we discuss how the role of the therapist needs to be tailored to the differentapproaches, like in supporting the use of a CD-ROM, in purely providing feedback via e-mail, or combining face-to-face treatment with online feedback in blended care. Future research will show how e-health can best be used in mental health to provide the most effective care possible.Keywords: anxiety disorders, children, e-health, cognitive behavioural therap
Website over het onderzoek naar blended werken bij angstige kinderen
No full texthttp://www.rug.nl/gmw/psychology/dappere-kat/blended-dappere-ka
Assessment of anxiety symptoms
No full textIn dit hoofdstuk zoomen de auteurs in op diagnostiek bij een breed scala aan specifieke klachten. Deze klachten kunnen te maken hebben met emotionele problemen zoals angst, depressie, eetstoornissen en (niet-) suïcidale zelfbeschadiging, met gedragsproblemen zoals hechtingsstoornissen of overmatig gamen, of met ontwikkelingsgerelateerde problemen zoals ADHD of autismespectrumstoornis. Voor alle klachten schetsen de auteurs de nodige theoretische achtergrond. Vervolgens beschrijven zij instrumenten en strategieën om aan handelingsgerichte diagnostiek te doen op de niveaus van onderkenning, verklaring en indicatiestelling
Anti-anxiety techniques
No full textAngststoornissen komen bij kinderen en jeugdigen vaak voor. Onderzoek heeft herhaaldelijk aangetoond dat cognitieve gedragstherapie bij deze stoornissen een effectieve interventie is, evenals bij andere stoornissen waarbij angst of spanning centraal staat, zoals traumagerelateerde en obsessief-compulsieve stoornissen. Interventies binnen de cognitieve gedragstherapie zijn te verdelen in twee groepen. De eerste is gebaseerd op het principe van klassieke conditionering (leren van nieuwe betekenissen), de tweede op het principe van operante conditionering (leren door de gevolgen van gedrag). In dit hoofdstuk worden eerst overwegingen voor de diagnostische fase besproken. Daarna volgt een beschrijving van beide groepen interventies. De nadruk bij de interventies ligt op exposure in vivo, als belangrijkste en meest effectieve interventie bij angst. Ook komen imaginaire exposure, cognitieve interventies, beloningsstrategieën en responspreventie aan de orde. Het hoofdstuk eindigt met een beschrijving van de behandeling van Anouk, een meisje met ernstige separatieangst en angst voor het donker, en een bespreking van recente ontwikkelingen in de behandeling van angstige kinderen
Imagery rescripting : the impact of conceptual and perceptual changes on aversive autobiographical memories
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Imagery rescripting (ImRs) is a process by which aversive autobiographical memories are rendered less unpleasant or emotional. ImRs is thought only to be effective if a change in the meaning-relevant (semantic) content of the mental image is produced, according to a cognitive hypothesis of ImRs. We propose an additional hypothesis: that ImRs can also be effective by the manipulation of perceptual features of the memory, without explicitly targeting meaning-relevant content. METHODS: In two experiments using a within-subjects design (both N = 48, community samples), both Conceptual-ImRs-focusing on changing meaning-relevant content-and Perceptual-ImRs-focusing on changing perceptual features-were compared to Recall-only of aversive autobiographical image-based memories. An active control condition, Recall + Attentional Breathing (Recall+AB) was added in the first experiment. In the second experiment, a Positive-ImRs condition was added-changing the aversive image into a positive image that was unrelated to the aversive autobiographical memory. Effects on the aversive memory's unpleasantness, vividness and emotionality were investigated. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, compared to Recall-only, both Conceptual-ImRs and Perceptual-ImRs led to greater decreases in unpleasantness, and Perceptual-ImRs led to greater decreases in emotionality of memories. In Experiment 2, the effects on unpleasantness were not replicated, and both Conceptual-ImRs and Perceptual-ImRs led to greater decreases in emotionality, compared to Recall-only, as did Positive-ImRs. There were no effects on vividness, and the ImRs conditions did not differ significantly from Recall+AB. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that, in addition to traditional forms of ImRs, targeting the meaning-relevant content of an image during ImRs, relatively simple techniques focusing on perceptual aspects or positive imagery might also yield benefits. Findings require replication and extension to clinical samples
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