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The Origins of Cardiovascular Sex Differences: Novel Phylogenomic and Computational Methodologies Identify Key Drivers of Disproportionate Female Vulnerability to Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Get PDFWomen are disproportionately vulnerable to a range of human clinical pathologies. The evolutionary history underlying the emergence of disease vulnerability can strengthen our understanding of clinically important sex-differences. Novel, broadly phylogenetic methodologies can provide a view into the evolutionary processes shaping the modern female vulnerability to diseases including Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTCM). TTCM is a stress-induced cardiac syndrome with an incidence that is nine times greater in women than men. This two-part study integrates evolutionary biology with systems-level molecular analyses to explore the origins of cardiovascular sex differences. The following hypothesis is advanced and explored: The evolution of placental pregnancy imposed unique selective pressures on the female myocardium, leading to distinct sex-specific cardiac phenotypes. These adaptations, beneficial during pregnancy, may predispose women to TTCM later in life, representing an evolutionary trade-off. Part I Introduces the shared evolutionary legacy of female humans and other mammals as a source of insights for women’s health. Mapping vulnerability to pathologies ranging from mammary carcinoma to endometriosis and heart failure in females across the tree of life provides new perspective on the causes of and potential solutions for women’s health challenges including cardiovascular disease.
Part II.A Introduces and evaluates the evolutionary hypothesis for disproportionate incidence of TTCM leveraging a novel application of computational phylostratigraphy and PhyloFastStrat, an interactive browser-based application developed for rapid assessment of evolutionary trade-off hypotheses. The emergence of TTCM-related, pregnancy-related and sex-biased cardiac genes are mapped onto a matrix of 27 phylostrata across the evolution of life. Results reveal significant overrepresentation of these genes during the evolution of mammalian placental pregnancy, supporting the hypothesis that pregnancy-related selective pressures drove sex-specific myocardial adaptations.
Part II.B Validates these findings through functional analyses. Differential gene expression and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified modules enriched for TTCM-associated and sex-biased genes, with the "turquoise module" showing overlap with pathways involved in cardiac remodeling during pregnancy. Functional enrichment analyses highlight biological processes such as ventricular development, linking pregnancy adaptations to TTCM vulnerability.
These findings provide molecular evidence for an evolutionary trade-off, where pregnancy adaptations enhance maternal survival but increase long-term cardiovascular risk. This interdisciplinary approach offers insights into the origins of sex differences in cardiovascular diseases, identifies promising pathways to be targeted by novel therapeutics, and underscores the need for research focused on impact of parity on a female’s cardiac function. In addition, the results suggest that the application of a broadly phylogenomic evolutionary lens can strengthen our approach to women’s health
BMC Med Educ
No full textOne Health is an emerging concept that stresses the linkages between human, animal, and environmental health, as well as the need for interdisciplinary communication and collaboration to address health issues including emerging zoonotic diseases, climate change impacts, and the human-animal bond. It promotes complex problem solving using a systems framework that considers interactions between humans, animals, and their shared environment. While many medical educators may not yet be familiar with the concept, the One Health approach has been endorsed by a number of major medical and public health organizations and is beginning to be implemented in a number of medical schools. In the research setting, One Health opens up new avenues to understand, detect, and prevent emerging infectious diseases, and also to conduct translational studies across species. In the clinical setting, One Health provides practical ways to incorporate environmental and animal contact considerations into patient care. This paper reviews clinical and research aspects of the One Health approach through an illustrative case updating the biopsychosocial model and proposes a basic set of One Health competencies for training and education of human health care providers.2017-02-23T00:00:00Z28228144PMC532263
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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