1,720,972 research outputs found
Policy brief climate change and livestock production in Tanzania
No full textTanzania ranks third in terms of number of livestock in Africa, and the sector has a good contribution to the national economy. It is estimated to have about 19.2 million cattle, 13.7 million goats, 3.6 million sheep, 1.9 million pigs and 36 million local chickens and 23 million improved chickens (URT, 2010). The livestock industry contributed 4.6 % of the National Gross Domestic product in 2012. Given the large number of livestock and the abundant land and forage resources the country is endowed with, the contribution of the livestock sector to the growth of the national economy, food security and poverty reduction can be substantial.
Climate Change is change in the state of the climate that can be identified (i.e. by statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer
Approximately 95% of ruminant livestock in Tanzania are kept under traditional production systems depending mostly on pastures and crop residues as the main feed sources. Therefore, at the household level, livestock keeping is an important and integral part of agriculture based livelihoods for a significant proportion of the Tanzania population.
Tanzania, like other countries of which many economic sectors are climate dependent, has been impacted significantly by climate change. In this regard, efforts must be done to address adapt to the impacts associated by climate change in pastoral and agro-pastoral landsPrintUnited Nation Development Programm
Evidence of climate change impacts on human settlements, health, enertgy and land sector and benefits of investing in adaptation strategies in Tanzania
No full textPrintRising fossil fuel burning and land use change have emitted and continue to emit increasing quantities of greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere. These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide and emission of these gases has caused a rise in the amount of heat from the sun withheld in the Earth's atmosphere, heat that would normally be radiated back into space. This increase in heat has led to greenhouse effect resulting in climate change. Climate change is a change in the state of climate that can be identified (i.e.by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and or the variability of its properties and that persist for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use (IPCC, 200I).
Climate change has wide-ranging effects on the environment, and socio¬economic and related sectors including water resources, agriculture and food security, human settlement, human health, terrestrial ecosystems, biodiversity, energy, land and coastal zones. In Tanzania, Climate change is manifested in various ways which includes changes in physical conditions, weather patterns, ecosystems and ecosystem functioning.
Sea level rise due to climate change is a serious global threat, with rises of I-3m in this century being anticipated (Dasgupta et aI., 2007). Sea level rise is likely to have considerable impact on human settlements through inundation of coastal areas as well as coastal erosion. In some areas such as Dar es Salaam the problem of coastal erosion is already widespread. In Pangani Town, the sea wall that protects the town from ocean currents is gradually being overwhelmed thus threatening the coastal settlements.
Climate change has a number of immediate and long-term impacts on the fundamental determinants of human health. A number of potential human health effects have been associated either directly or indirectly with global climate change Vulnerability to the risks associated with Climate change may exacerbate ongoing socio-economic challenges. Climate change-related impacts on the ecosystems are likely to affect population by creating favorable conditions for disease vectors or disease pathogens as well as placing the communities at high risk of malnutrition, diarrhea diseases and other environmental health effects attributable to climate change (Ebi et 01., 2007). There is important evidence to show that climate change affect the occurrence and distribution of human diseases and malnutrition. Changes in the frequency and spread of infectious diseases are some of the most widely documented potential effects of climate change, and could have significant consequences for human health as well as economic and societal impacts (Chan et 01., 1999).
The majority of Tanzania's power generation approximately 55% comes from hydropower. Previously, Tanzania's reliance on hydropower was much higher, whereby in 2002, 97% of the country's grid-based electricity came from hydropower but recurrent droughts leading to power rationing have caused huge losses to the economy: 1.1 % slower growth in 2007; a 0.9% drop in 1997; and a decline of 3.8% in industrial growth in 1994 (Stacey, 20 I I).
Climate change is anticipated to have far reaching effects on the sustainable development of the developing countries including the ability to attain the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015 (UN,2007).Tanzania, like many other developing countries is vulnerable to climate change impacts because poverty and low adaptive capacity associated with high dependence on climate sensitive livelihood activities. Development and implementation of countries adaptation measures focusing on key sectors has to be treated not only as a matter of high priority but also of urgency. Adaptation will be necessary to address impacts resulting from warming which are already unavoidable due past emissions (IPCC, 2007). This report provide an assessment based on the existing information on the specific evidence of climate change impacts; social, economic and environmental costs of climate change for four economic sectors (Human settlement, Energy, Human health and Land), in Tanzania and associated benefits in implementing adaptation strategies.United Nation Development Programm
Policy brief climate change and livestock production in Tanzania
No full textPrintTanzania ranks third in terms of number of livestock in Africa, and the sector has a good contribution to the national economy. It is estimated to have about 19.2 million cattle, 13.7 million goats, 3.6 million sheep, 1.9 million pigs and 36 million local chickens and 23 million improved chickens (URT, 2010). The livestock industry contributed 4.6 % of the National Gross Domestic product in 2012. Given the large number of livestock and the abundant land and forage resources the country is endowed with, the contribution of the livestock sector to the growth of the national economy, food security and poverty reduction can be substantial.
Climate Change is change in the state of the climate that can be identified (i.e. by statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer
Approximately 95% of ruminant livestock in Tanzania are kept under traditional production systems depending mostly on pastures and crop residues as the main feed sources. Therefore, at the household level, livestock keeping is an important and integral part of agriculture based livelihoods for a significant proportion of the Tanzania population.
Tanzania, like other countries of which many economic sectors are climate dependent, has been impacted significantly by climate change. In this regard, efforts must be done to address adapt to the impacts associated by climate change in pastoral and agro-pastoral landsUnited Nation Development Programm
Human health and climate change:Mainstreaming environment and climate change adaptation in the implementation of national development policies and plans
No full textThe long-term good health of a population depends on the continued stability and functioning of the ecological and physical systems. Climate change, therefore, is a significant and emerging threat to public health. Effects of climate change on human health are largely based on impacts of climatic events on the physical environment. Climate change (CC) has a number of immediate and long-term impacts on the fundamental determinants of human health.
Climate Change: Is a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (i.e. through statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer.
Climate Change-related impacts on the ecosystems, for example, are likely to affect population by creating favourable conditions for disease vectors or disease pathogens as well as placing the communities at high risk of malnutrition, diarrhoeal diseases and other environmental health effects attributable to Climate Change (Ebi et al., 2007). Changes in the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases are some of the most widely documented potential effects of Climate Change, which have significant consequences for human health as well as economic and societal impacts (Chan et aI., 1999).
In Tanzania the impact of climatic change on health is evident in many parts of the country. Currently malaria which was not common in many places is now wide spread inmate, Arusha, Mbeya, Njombe, Makete, Mbinga etc because of the changes in humidity and temperature which favours Mosquito breeding and the development of parasite causing malaria to complete the cycle of man-mosquito-man (Yanda et. al.'2006)
Other diseases related to climatic change are like Rift Valley Fever, Bilharzia, Plague, Yellow fever, Dengue haemorrhagic fever, Filariasis and Water-borne diseases. Physical displacement of people due to Climate Change related calamities have also impacts on human health.PrintUnited Nation Development Programm
Evidence of climate change impacts on human settlements, health, enertgy and land sector and benefits of investing in adaptation strategies in Tanzania
No full textRising fossil fuel burning and land use change have emitted and continue to emit increasing quantities of greenhouse gases into the Earth's atmosphere. These greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide and emission of these gases has caused a rise in the amount of heat from the sun withheld in the Earth's atmosphere, heat that would normally be radiated back into space. This increase in heat has led to greenhouse effect resulting in climate change. Climate change is a change in the state of climate that can be identified (i.e.by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and or the variability of its properties and that persist for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use (IPCC, 200I).
Climate change has wide-ranging effects on the environment, and socio¬economic and related sectors including water resources, agriculture and food security, human settlement, human health, terrestrial ecosystems, biodiversity, energy, land and coastal zones. In Tanzania, Climate change is manifested in various ways which includes changes in physical conditions, weather patterns, ecosystems and ecosystem functioning.
Sea level rise due to climate change is a serious global threat, with rises of I-3m in this century being anticipated (Dasgupta et aI., 2007). Sea level rise is likely to have considerable impact on human settlements through inundation of coastal areas as well as coastal erosion. In some areas such as Dar es Salaam the problem of coastal erosion is already widespread. In Pangani Town, the sea wall that protects the town from ocean currents is gradually being overwhelmed thus threatening the coastal settlements.
Climate change has a number of immediate and long-term impacts on the fundamental determinants of human health. A number of potential human health effects have been associated either directly or indirectly with global climate change Vulnerability to the risks associated with Climate change may exacerbate ongoing socio-economic challenges. Climate change-related impacts on the ecosystems are likely to affect population by creating favorable conditions for disease vectors or disease pathogens as well as placing the communities at high risk of malnutrition, diarrhea diseases and other environmental health effects attributable to climate change (Ebi et 01., 2007). There is important evidence to show that climate change affect the occurrence and distribution of human diseases and malnutrition. Changes in the frequency and spread of infectious diseases are some of the most widely documented potential effects of climate change, and could have significant consequences for human health as well as economic and societal impacts (Chan et 01., 1999).
The majority of Tanzania's power generation approximately 55% comes from hydropower. Previously, Tanzania's reliance on hydropower was much higher, whereby in 2002, 97% of the country's grid-based electricity came from hydropower but recurrent droughts leading to power rationing have caused huge losses to the economy: 1.1 % slower growth in 2007; a 0.9% drop in 1997; and a decline of 3.8% in industrial growth in 1994 (Stacey, 20 I I).
Climate change is anticipated to have far reaching effects on the sustainable development of the developing countries including the ability to attain the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015 (UN,2007).Tanzania, like many other developing countries is vulnerable to climate change impacts because poverty and low adaptive capacity associated with high dependence on climate sensitive livelihood activities. Development and implementation of countries adaptation measures focusing on key sectors has to be treated not only as a matter of high priority but also of urgency. Adaptation will be necessary to address impacts resulting from warming which are already unavoidable due past emissions (IPCC, 2007). This report provide an assessment based on the existing information on the specific evidence of climate change impacts; social, economic and environmental costs of climate change for four economic sectors (Human settlement, Energy, Human health and Land), in Tanzania and associated benefits in implementing adaptation strategies.PrintUnited Nation Development Programm
Human health and climate change:Mainstreaming environment and climate change adaptation in the implementation of national development policies and plans
No full textPrintThe long-term good health of a population depends on the continued stability and functioning of the ecological and physical systems. Climate change, therefore, is a significant and emerging threat to public health. Effects of climate change on human health are largely based on impacts of climatic events on the physical environment. Climate change (CC) has a number of immediate and long-term impacts on the fundamental determinants of human health.
Climate Change: Is a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (i.e. through statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period typically decades or longer.
Climate Change-related impacts on the ecosystems, for example, are likely to affect population by creating favourable conditions for disease vectors or disease pathogens as well as placing the communities at high risk of malnutrition, diarrhoeal diseases and other environmental health effects attributable to Climate Change (Ebi et al., 2007). Changes in the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases are some of the most widely documented potential effects of Climate Change, which have significant consequences for human health as well as economic and societal impacts (Chan et aI., 1999).
In Tanzania the impact of climatic change on health is evident in many parts of the country. Currently malaria which was not common in many places is now wide spread inmate, Arusha, Mbeya, Njombe, Makete, Mbinga etc because of the changes in humidity and temperature which favours Mosquito breeding and the development of parasite causing malaria to complete the cycle of man-mosquito-man (Yanda et. al.'2006)
Other diseases related to climatic change are like Rift Valley Fever, Bilharzia, Plague, Yellow fever, Dengue haemorrhagic fever, Filariasis and Water-borne diseases. Physical displacement of people due to Climate Change related calamities have also impacts on human health.United Nation Development Programm
Policy climate change and marine and coastal environment in Tanzania
No full textThe coastline of Tanzania stretches over 800 kilometres from Tanga to Mtwara regions. Sustaining the marine and coastal environment is important in terms of economic improvement and the wellbeing of Tanzanians. It is rich in living resources such as coastal forests (e.g. mangroves), coral reefs, fisheries sea grass, and non - living resources like gas, beautiful beaches, minerals, rivers, and the ocean. Economically, the marine and coastal ecosystems provide employment and income to coastal people through fishing, beekeeping and ecotourism activities. Blessed with world-class coastal natural and cultural attractions, the potential for coastal tourism development in Tanzania is unlimited. Resources such as mangroves are sources of fuel wood, timber, building poles, tannin and fodder. Mangrove leaves and fruits are also used for medicinal purposes. The mangrove, seagrass beds, and coral reefs are major ecosystems in the coastal and marine environment, playing a crucial ecological role. These ecosystems are important habitats, breeding sites, nurseries and feeding grounds for a wide variety of living organisms. Amongst their many functions, the ecosystems protect the coast from erosion, filter dissolved chemicals from terrestrial environment that could harm the subsequent ecosystem, absorb carbon dioxide from atmosphere and trap sediment from terrestrial environment. It is estimated that 25% of Tanzania's population is hosted by the coastal environment. Most of the industries in Tanzania (75%) are located along the coast and the coast is the entry and exit point of major cargos of the country. The coast has been attracting a number of people from inland for employment, leading to increased coastal population. Climate change is threatening the coastal and marine environment. Critical ecosystems are also being threatened thus jeopardizing longterm provision of ecosystem services. This has therefore attracted the attention of all coastal inhabitants, the government and private sector to address threats emanating from climate change.The document is in print formUnited Nations Development Programm
Water resources and climate
No full textThe document is in print formMajor water resources in the country include rivers, lakes, wetlands, springs, reservoirs and groundwater aquifers and many water bodies are shared with neighbouring countries. In Tanzania water management is divided into nine water basins namely Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Rukwa, Rufiji, Lake Nyasa, Ruvuma and Southern Coast, Wami-Ruvu, Pangani and Internal drainage basins. Water is an important resource to all sectors; such as agriculture, health, manufacturing, energy, mining, livestock and tourism. It also supports livelihoods by sustaining both rainfed and irrigatedtraditional farming systems, fishing as well as environment (terrestrial and aquatic systems) including provision of ecosystem services such as climate regulation and water purification (UK AID, 2011, Stacey, 2011). More than half of the country receives on the average less than 800mm of rain per year (URT, 2007). The seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with unequal heating of land and sea that exist in the country, accounts for extreme temporal variability in rainfall and even more extreme variability in river flows. Tanzania's annual renewable water resources are 89 cubic kilometres or 2,700 cubic meters of water per person per year (World Resources Institute 2000- 2001 ).The current amount is 2,020 cubic meters per person per year and will continue to drop over time as population increases and it is anticipated in 2015 population will reach 52 million people, if current rate of population growth from previous censuses are put into perspective i.e. 10 million in 1960 and 44.8 million in 2012 (URI, 2012) making country's per capita water resources to fall below 1,700 cubic meters per person, making Tanzania one of the water stressed country. With climate change, there will always be stresses on most nations' water resources particularly their hydrological systems and also economic/social consequences to arisedue to inadequate storage infrastructure to cope with climate variability.United Nations Development Programm
Policy climate change and marine and coastal environment in Tanzania
No full textThe document is in print formThe coastline of Tanzania stretches over 800 kilometres from Tanga to Mtwara regions. Sustaining the marine and coastal environment is important in terms of economic improvement and the wellbeing of Tanzanians. It is rich in living resources such as coastal forests (e.g. mangroves), coral reefs, fisheries sea grass, and non - living resources like gas, beautiful beaches, minerals, rivers, and the ocean. Economically, the marine and coastal ecosystems provide employment and income to coastal people through fishing, beekeeping and ecotourism activities. Blessed with world-class coastal natural and cultural attractions, the potential for coastal tourism development in Tanzania is unlimited. Resources such as mangroves are sources of fuel wood, timber, building poles, tannin and fodder. Mangrove leaves and fruits are also used for medicinal purposes. The mangrove, seagrass beds, and coral reefs are major ecosystems in the coastal and marine environment, playing a crucial ecological role. These ecosystems are important habitats, breeding sites, nurseries and feeding grounds for a wide variety of living organisms. Amongst their many functions, the ecosystems protect the coast from erosion, filter dissolved chemicals from terrestrial environment that could harm the subsequent ecosystem, absorb carbon dioxide from atmosphere and trap sediment from terrestrial environment. It is estimated that 25% of Tanzania's population is hosted by the coastal environment. Most of the industries in Tanzania (75%) are located along the coast and the coast is the entry and exit point of major cargos of the country. The coast has been attracting a number of people from inland for employment, leading to increased coastal population. Climate change is threatening the coastal and marine environment. Critical ecosystems are also being threatened thus jeopardizing longterm provision of ecosystem services. This has therefore attracted the attention of all coastal inhabitants, the government and private sector to address threats emanating from climate change.United Nations Development Programm
Water resources and climate
No full textMajor water resources in the country include rivers, lakes, wetlands, springs, reservoirs and groundwater aquifers and many water bodies are shared with neighbouring countries. In Tanzania water management is divided into nine water basins namely Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Rukwa, Rufiji, Lake Nyasa, Ruvuma and Southern Coast, Wami-Ruvu, Pangani and Internal drainage basins. Water is an important resource to all sectors; such as agriculture, health, manufacturing, energy, mining, livestock and tourism. It also supports livelihoods by sustaining both rainfed and irrigatedtraditional farming systems, fishing as well as environment (terrestrial and aquatic systems) including provision of ecosystem services such as climate regulation and water purification (UK AID, 2011, Stacey, 2011). More than half of the country receives on the average less than 800mm of rain per year (URT, 2007). The seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with unequal heating of land and sea that exist in the country, accounts for extreme temporal variability in rainfall and even more extreme variability in river flows. Tanzania's annual renewable water resources are 89 cubic kilometres or 2,700 cubic meters of water per person per year (World Resources Institute 2000- 2001 ).The current amount is 2,020 cubic meters per person per year and will continue to drop over time as population increases and it is anticipated in 2015 population will reach 52 million people, if current rate of population growth from previous censuses are put into perspective i.e. 10 million in 1960 and 44.8 million in 2012 (URI, 2012) making country's per capita water resources to fall below 1,700 cubic meters per person, making Tanzania one of the water stressed country. With climate change, there will always be stresses on most nations' water resources particularly their hydrological systems and also economic/social consequences to arisedue to inadequate storage infrastructure to cope with climate variability.The document is in print formUnited Nations Development Programm
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