154 research outputs found
Investigation of the gelation mechanism between amino acid surfactant based microemulsion and Kappa-Carrageenan gel network
No full textKappa-carrageenan is one form of necessary hydrocolloid. Hydrocolloids are macromolecular materials, which swell upon absorption of waterin some cases, forming a stiff gel in the presence of additives. This property is very important to suspend nanocarriers into gel network, which provide them long time stability at a varying temperature range. In this work, we prepared microemulsion and trapped these particles inside the kappa-carrageenan gel network. The microemulsion was composed of sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate hydrate (SNLS), oleic acid and deionized water. The purpose of this study was to immobilize them into the gel network, giving longer shelf life at a range of temperatures for oral drug delivery. Morphological properties were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The TEM results showed that microemulsions are trapped in the gel network, and the diameter of the microemulsions are below 100 nm, which is comparable with the DLS results. The important functional groups of kappa-carrageenan and microemulsion were shown from the FTIR result of the complex microemulsion gel. These results confirmed the interaction between SNLS based microemulsion and kappa- carrageenan gel
Environment and business relations in Urban SMEs- A study on Mirpur Benarashi Palli
No full textThis dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies, 2007.Cataloged from PDF version of dissertation.Includes bibliographical references (page 48 - 49).The concept of environmentally responsible business has the intention of promoting conscious involvement by the individual business clusters in developing and maintaining guidelines relating to environmental development issues and also promoting dialogue designed to strengthen the environmental aspects of laws and frameworks. Bearing this in mind, this study was designed to understand how an individual SME value their business strategy within an environmentally responsible business arrangement. The study location was in Mirpur Benarashi Palli areas, where there subsist a large number of urban SMEs involving the Benarashi Shari manufacturing activities. Environmental assessments were done based on standard EIA procedures. Findings require wider facilitating consultation services to improve environmental performances as these small business managers do not have sufficient access to information concerning environmental management and many do not have the capital or the expertise to undertake the sort of these approaches. This is considered necessary as because, environmentalism is all about prevention and enhancement of the physical environment and has a primary influence on societies overall development initiatives.Khaled Golam MortuzaM. Development Studie
Preoperative needed and received information in patients undergoing thoracic surgery in Bangladesh
No full textThesis (M.N.S., Nursing Science)--Prince of Songkla University, 201
Inclusive Education in the Education Policies of Bangladesh and Indonesia (A Case Study in the Dhaka (Bangladesh) City and Yogyakarta (Indonesia) City)
No full textThis study was aimed at describing and exploring the national education policies of Bangladesh and Indonesia and to find out the reflections of inclusive education in those policies. The framework of the research study was formulated around the aspects of responsible authority, education provision, teacher’s qualification, student’s entrance, curriculum, medium of instruction, and evaluation procedure. In addition, the comments on these aspects from experts and implementation personnel were also counted.
Qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied to describe and analyze the education policies of those countries. The data were collected through content analysis of the policies and questionnaire for the experts and implementation personnel of the two cities (Dhaka, Bangladesh and Yogyakarta, Indonesia). The items of the questionnaire were centered to find out the respondents’ view about the sufficiency of exiting statement in the policy and their agreement or disagreement on some issues of identified aspects. There were 2 experts related with inclusive education and 10 inclusive education implementation personnel from each of the cities.
The finding showed that there was no reflection of inclusive education in the identified aspects in National Education Policy 2000 of Bangladesh and the statement in Primary Education (Compulsory) Act 1990 was found enough to implement inclusive education in Bangladesh. On the other hand, in Indonesia the Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No 20 Tahun 2003 already included inclusive education as a provision of special education and the statement of Wajib Belajar (Compulsory) was found enough to implement inclusive education in Indonesia. The majority of the respondents from Dhaka city agreed strongly with the issues of taking responsibility by Ministry of Education in Bangladesh, including inclusive education under general education system, having training on inclusive education as a qualification of regular school teachers, simplifying and modifying the curriculum for special needs children, applying flexibility in evaluation procedures and teacher collaboration. The respondents however agreed slightly with the issue of medium of instruction. Furthermore, the respondents from Yogyakarta also agreed strongly to include the issues of teachers’ qualification, curriculum, evaluation procedures and medium of instruction and teacher collaboration in the national education polices and plans. Therefore, policy maker should consider issues of inclusive education in national education policies
Optimizing Poultry Performance Through Innovative Nutritional Interventions - Dataset
No full textWith global demand for poultry meat and eggs rising, the industry faces pressure to improve production efficiency while maintaining bird health and welfare. In this context, gut health and nutrient utilization are critical targets for sustainable production under antibiotic-free systems. This thesis demonstrates that targeted nutrition can enhance poultry health, performance, and welfare through non-antibiotic approaches. Results of the first two experiments of this thesis showed that xylo-oligosaccharides, high-carbohydrate diets, sodium butyrate, and copper have the potential to mitigate the impact of Eimeria infection in poultry by supporting gut health and improving growth. The third experiment revealed that AM/PM or split feeding with optimized protein, energy, and calcium enhanced nutrient digestibility, feed efficiency, and yolk color, while the fourth experiment showed that delivering calcium and vitamin D via drinking water reduced feather damage and improved vitamin D status. Collectively, these strategies demonstrate that precise dietary supplementation and nutrient timing can increase resilience, efficiency, and welfare in both broilers and layers, offering cost-effective, sustainable, and non-antibiotic solutions for modern poultry production
Vesicles and lamella: outcome of the changing formation path of a sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate hydrate/1-decanol/water system
No full textVesicles are closed bilayers that enclose a part of the continuous phase inside the core. In spherical shape, they attain the minimum free energy state. Conversely, lamella with maximum free energy remain in planer bilayer shape in the colloidal dispersion. Even with the same amphiphile concentration the colloidal structures depend on different parameters, many of these already addressed in different reports. However, the effect of mixing procedure as a formation path is unidentified. Here we reported water in 1-decanol and 1-decanol in water; these two different mixing procedures yield vesicles and lamella at the same point of the phase diagram of a sodium N-lauroylsarcosinate hydrate/1-decanol/water system. It was found that the favorable and unfavorable contact of water with the weak tertiary ammonium cation in amino-acid head-group plays the crucial role in this process. Moreover, this weak cationic property of this amphoteric surfactant can be exploited to carry DNA for gene therapy with a nontoxic system instead of cationic
Asia in the ageing century: part III - healthcare
No full textWith total health spending in the region worth over a trillion dollars in 2010 and demand for healthcare continuing to grow, Asian governments will have a tremendous challenge meeting and funding this demand.Summary• This is the third research brief in a three-part series that looks at Asia in the ageing century, with a particular focus on the countries of East and South-East Asia.• The context is outlined in the first brief, which describes population, urbanisation and social trends in the region. Specifically, it notes that population ageing in East and South-East Asia is happening faster and at a lower level of economic development than in the West. Many Asian countries now have a decade or so to prepare for the final stages of demographic transition. Parts II and III of the series focus on two areas of economic activity which are both pertinent to population ageing and have enormous scale: provision of retirement income (covered in Part II) and of healthcare (outlined in the present brief).• As Asian societies become wealthier and older they will demand more of their health systems. This translates to extending health insurance coverage to a broader cross- section of the population, and offering reimbursement for a greater proportion of costs on a larger package of benefits. China has enrolled 1.2 billion people into the health insurance system within the last decade but in some provinces benefit packages are lacking. Malaysia achieved universal health coverage in the 1980s, but in 2004 key medicines were only available in a quarter of public health facilities.• East and South-East Asian governments currently have the fiscal capacity to keep expanding health systems, but to avoid the excessive cost growth seen in the West they will need to employ various micro, macro and demand-side measures – heeding the successes and failures of reforms within the region and elsewhere.• An important area for healthcare is the epidemiological transition that comes with ageing societies, where the relative prevalence of non-communicable diseases increases. Health packages in Asia are yet to take a full account of this change.• Health spending in the region was worth over US50 billion of spending, but recent growth has been high (e.g. 100% p.a. in China). On the provider side, the size and growth of the market will result in opportunities for pharmaceutical, medical device manufacturing and consumer health companies, as well as for operators of hospitals and specialised facilities. Some of that demand will spill over into the growing medical tourism market.• At the level of the macro-economy, stronger welfare provision offers an opportunity to rebalance growth in the region by reducing excessive precautionary savings. So far, East and South-East Asian countries have been taking this opportunity but much remains to be done for healthcare systems to be fully ready for an ageing population. 
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