14,836 research outputs found
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
Full text linkIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
An efficient mobility-aware knowledge sharing framework for next-generation internet of vehicles
No full textIntoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
Full text linkThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
Interdependent microservice offloading and semantic aware results transmission for 6G vehicular edge networks
No full textEssential Medicine List, Policies, and the World Health Organization
No full textNational policy on essential medicines is one of the main pillars of global health agenda. The Nairobi Conference on the Rational Use of Drugs, held in 1985, was the first international conference on policies on essential medicines. Over the years, World Health Organization has widely supported most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the development and subsequent implementation of national policies on essential medicines.Implementation of these policies has resulted in their easy availability, better affordability, and better quality in LMICs
IFCNS: Intelligent forwarding and computation node selection in ICN mobile edge computing
No full textCFEC: An ultra-low latency microservices-based in-network computing framework for information-centric IoVs
No full textThe life of Nasir ud Din Muhammad Humayun : an honors thesis (HONRS 499)
No full textWhen a general history is written about the beginnings of the Mughal empire, the reign of Nasir ud Din Muhammad Humayun is usually neglected. In fact, his rule proves to be an enigma --- was he a success or a failure? Many scholars argue that he was an utter failure and the only merit they see in him was the fortuitous siring Jalal ud Din Muhammad Akbar, the greatest of all Muahal emperors. This, however, is an unfair assessment. Not only was Humayun a kind and generous man, but he was also important because he developd stronger Indo-Persian contacts and reestablished the empire from which Akbar began his career.This paper provides a general historyNasir ud Din Muhammad Humayun and his role in the development of the Mughal empire during the sixteenth century. Along with the general history is provided a discussion of several aspects of Humayun’s life. This includes his relationship to those around him. his religious beliefs, leadership abilities. and personal character. Also examined is the role which fate played in Humayun's life.Thesis (B.?.)Honors Colleg
Directives expression of Surah An-Nisa in the English translation collaboration of the Quran by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din Al-Hilali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan.
Full text linkIn communication, the speaker does not only produce an utterance which has a literal meaning, but there is a purpose or function of his utterance, like to make someone to do something. To make someone to do something it is called as directive speech acts. In this research, the writer analyzes types and function of directive speech acts of Surah An-Nisa in the Qur’an English Translation by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din Al-Hilali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan. This study uses the theory of Yule (1996:54) in classifying types of directive speech acts. The theory of Kreidler (1998:189) and Amalsalah (2004:34) are used to analyze the function of directive speech acts. Furthermore, for analyzing data the wrier used the descriptive qualitative method since in analyzing the data the writer does not use statistical method and the form of the data are textual data.
The result of this study shows that there are: the types of directive speech acts of Surah An-Nisa in the Qur’an English Translation by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din Al-Hilali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan: command, suggestion, order, request. The total number of data found is 57 utterances of directive speech acts: 40 commands, 11 suggestion, 5order, 1 requests. So, it can be concluded that the dominant directives used in the English Translation of Quran Surah An-Nisa are command. Meanwhile the total number of the function of directives of Surah An-Nisa in the Qur’an English Translation by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-Ud-Din Al-Hilali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan is 80 data, 60 commands, 16 suggestion, 5order, 1 requests.
The conclusion of directive speech act of “Surah An-Nisa in the English Translation collaboration of the Quran” by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan is mostly the commanding type to give orders or exert authority over someone or something. Meanwhile for the function of directive speech act mostly to instruct the command of God
Mixed Methods Research in Pharmacy Practice:Basics and Beyond
No full textMixed methods research is characterized by the use and integration of quantitative and qualitative strands of data within a single study or program of inquiry. Mixed methods research, often referred as “third research paradigm”, has gained popularity among pharmacy practice researchers in recent years as it brings together strengths of both qualitative and quantitative methods. This chapter introduces basic concepts of mixed methods research and its application in pharmacy practice research. Four commonly used typologies within mixed methods research have been described and examples from the pharmacy practice literature have been used to demonstrate various applications of mixed methods research. We have also briefly outlined how to evaluate a mixed methods study
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