1,720,959 research outputs found
Geospatial insights into ecological shifts and thermal landscapes in Lahore
Full text linkLahore, Pakistan's second-largest metropolitan city, has experienced rapid urbanization over the
past two decades, making it highly susceptible to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This study
investigates the ecological impacts of UHI in Lahore from 2000 to 2020 using multi-temporal
Landsat satellite imagery and geospatial analysis. The Radiative Transfer Method (RTM) was
applied to deliver Land Surface Temperature (LST), enabling the spatial and temporal mapping of
thermal patterns. Findings reveal a significant rise in LST correlating with the expansion of built
up areas and a substantial decline in vegetation cover. Urban zones exhibited degraded ecological
conditions and higher surface temperatures compared to surrounding rural areas. These results
highlight the growing thermal stress in metropolitan Lahore, emphasizing the urgent need for data
driven urban planning. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers to develop targeted
mitigation strategies aimed at reducing UHI effects and promoting sustainable urban development.
In addition, spatial metrics and NDVI analyses were employed to quantify landscape changes,
revealing fragmentation of green spaces and altered land use patterns. This underscores the
necessity of integrating green infrastructure, adaptive land use policies, and climate-responsive
planning into Lahore’s future urban framework
Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature of Lahore Through Landsat-8 TIRS Data: Retrieval of Land Surface Temperature of Lahore Through Landsat-8 TIRS Data
No full textLand surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter in global climate change and urban thermal environmental studies. The significance of land surface temperature is being acknowledged gradually and interest is increasing in developing methodologies for the retrieval of LST from Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS) data. Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) of Landsat-8 is the newest TIR sensor for the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), offering two adjacent thermal infrared bands (10, 11), having significant beneficiary for the land surface temperature inversion. The spectral radiance can be estimated through TIR bands 10 and 11 of Landsat-8 OLI_TIRS satellite image. In the present study, the radiative transfer equation-based method has been employed in estimating LST of Lahore and the analysis demonstrated that estimated LST has the highest accuracy from the radiative transfer method through band 10. Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) was derived with the aid of the NDVI’s threshold technique. The present study results show that as the built-up area increases and vegetation cover decreases in urban surface, they are linked to increase in urban land surface temperature and conversely larger vegetation cover associated with lower urban temperature. The output exposed that LST was high in built-up and barren land, whereas it was low in the area where there were more vegetation cover and water
Determinants of Urban Warming and Ecological Footprints in Lahore: Public Perceptions and Strategies for a Sustainable Future
Full text linkRapid urbanization, land-use transformation, and climate change have increased environmental challenges in rapidly growing South Asian cities. This study, based in Lahore, Pakistan, examines the determinants of urban warming and ecological footprints, explores public perceptions, and suggests strategies for advancing urban sustainability. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, integrating geospatial analysis with socio-perceptual survey data. Multi-temporal Landsat 5 (2000–2010) and Landsat 8 (2020–2025) satellite imagery was analyzed to assess spatiotemporal variations in Land Surface Temperature (LST), Land Use (LU), and ecological footprints. The Radiative Transfer Method (RTM) was employed for LST retrieval, while indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) were used to evaluate vegetation cover and urban expansion. A structured questionnaire survey further examined residents’ perception, awareness, and behavioral patterns. It collected adaptive responses related to urban cooling and heating, as well as ecological footprints, including energy consumption and transportation practices. The findings indicate a substantial rise in mean LST from 18.87°C in 2000 to 25.69°C in 2025, an increase of 6.82°C over two decades, with Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity (SUHII) ranging between 3.99°C and 5.07°C. While 94.2% of respondents recognized rising urban temperatures, only 8.7% demonstrated a high understanding of the concept of ecological footprints. Respondents identified LU change, deforestation, vehicular emissions, industrialization, and unregulated urbanization as major contributors to thermal increase. Despite growing concern, the adoption of sustainable practices remains limited due to low awareness and institutional capacity. The study highlights the need for green infrastructure, energy-efficient technologies, and climate-responsive urban planning to mitigate urban heat and reduce ecological footprints. Strengthening institutional trust and enhancing public participation are vital pathways for transforming Lahore into a low-footprint, climate-resilient, and sustainable city.
Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Settlements along River Jhelum, Pakistan using GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques
Full text linkInfrastructure development is critical to the success of economic growth policies. Remote sensing and GIS tools have an important role to play in the development of various urban infrastructures. Due to the rapid growth of urban population and urbanization, it is necessary to find out the site's suitability for sustainable urban development. The main aim of the study is to study the growth and trend of urbanization, as well as to find out the suitable sites for further urban development in northern Punjab, along the river Jhelum, Pakistan. The study illustrates the use of geographic information system (GIS) and Remote Sensing based techniques i.e. Human Natural Environment Index (HNEI) applied with a foundation of Relief Degree of Land Surface (RDLS), Temperature Humidity Index (THI), Water Resource Index (WRI), and Land Cover Index (LCI) for selection of the suitable site for urban settlements along river Jhelum, Pakistan. For this purpose, Toposheet and Landsat satellite data were used to generate various thematic layers using ArcGIS software. The results were generated in form of five categories i.e., highly suitable, moderately suitable, relatively low suitable, low suitable, and non-suitable. The final results indicated that district Sargodha is most suitable for long-term sustainable urban settlements favored by relief, climate, water availability, land cover scenario, and flood hazard-free area. Eventually, a site suitability map is prepared for further urban development. The present study allows the local people as well as urban planners for the appropriate plans of land use planning in sustainable urban development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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