1,722,234 research outputs found
Installation of Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) at NARIS in Nigeria and Ghana for Breeder Planting Material Production by NARIS
No full textInstallation of Temporary Immersion Bioreactor System (TIBS) at NARIS in Nigeria and Ghana for Breeder Planting Material Production by NARIS
Naris Occlusion Effects Turbinate Development
No full textNaris occlusion is the method of choice for investigating the effects of odor deprivation in mammals. However, unilateral closure of a naris causes marked changes in the airflow in both the occluded and open nasal cavity. While on the occluded side the airflow is dramatically reduced, the open side is forced to carry a larger than normal volume. Also, naris occlusion abrogates alternating cycles of breathing, forcing constant duty on the open side. We were interested if these changes in airflow effect development of nasal turbinates given that mechanical stress induces bone growth and turbinates express odorant receptors in regionally defined areas. We therefore investigated mice aged 18-25 days, that had been naris occluded or shame operated on the day of birth. Turbinate morphology was examined in coronal serial sections throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nasal cavity. Results demonstrate that naris occlusion has signficant effects on the size, shape, and position of nasal turbinates, especially rostrally. The most anterior turbinate, endoturbinate-I, takes on a delicate “filigree” appearance on the occluded side relative to the open side: 24% decrease in area/perimeter (open 65.2, closed 52.6; control 59.5 sq μm/μm; p<0.005) despite same perimeter; 82% increase in length/width, (open 7.4; closed 13.5; control 7.9 μm/μm; p <0.001). That these effects are attributed to airflow is supported by the intermediate values of controls. We conclude that a stimulus from airflow: mechanical, thermal or chemical, causes changes in the ontogenesis of nasal turbinate structure which in turn might induce changes in expression of odorant receptors. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by National Science Foundation grant #0641433 to DC
New anatomical profile of the nasal musculature: dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis.
No full textThe aim of this study was to clarify the morphology and topography of the dilator naris vestibularis, dilator naris anterior, and alar part of the nasalis. Anatomical variations in the topographic relationships are also described to provide critical data for understanding nasal muscular functions. Anatomical and histological examinations were performed on 40 specimens of embalmed Korean adult cadavers. The dilator naris vestibularis muscle (named by the present authors) was located between the external and vestibular skin of the alar lobule. The muscle fibers radiated along the dome-shaped nasal vestibule. The dilator naris anterior muscle originated from the frontal surfaces of the lateral half of the lateral crus and the accessory alar cartilage adjacent to the lateral crus. The extent of the lower insertion of the dilator naris anterior muscle was at the alar groove. The alar part of the nasalis originated with the transverse part of nasalis from the maxilla. It ascended to attach to the alar crease and the adjacent deep surface of external skin of the alar lobule. These findings may provide anatomical knowledge required to understand the structure and function of these nasal muscles such as during rhinoplasty or other surgery of the face.ope
Studies of Olfactory System Neural Plasticity: The Contribution of the Unilateral Naris Occlusion Technique
Full text linkUnilateral naris occlusion has long been the method of choice for effecting stimulus deprivation in studies of olfactory plasticity. A significant body of literature speaks to the myriad consequences of this manipulation on the ipsilateral olfactory pathway. Early experiments emphasized naris occlusion’s deleterious and age-critical effects. More recent studies have focused on life-long vulnerability, particularly on neurogenesis, and compensatory responses to deprivation. Despite the abundance of empirical data, a theoretical framework in which to understand the many sequelae of naris occlusion on olfaction has been elusive. This paper focuses on recent data, new theories, and underappreciated caveats related to the use of this technique in studies of olfactory plasticity
Naris occlusion abolishes the difference in glomerular volume and glomerular number between animals raised in different environments.
No full text<p><b>A and B.</b> Glomerular volume: <b>A</b> (non-occluded naris) and <b>B</b> (occluded naris). Occlusion of one naris abolished the difference in glomerular volume between HV and LV cages. A mixed effects ANOVA showed no differences in glomerular volume between different cage types (F<sub>1,37</sub> = 0.37, P = 0.55). We did find significant differences in glomerular volume between the naris occluded and unoccluded sides (F<sub>1,100</sub> = 16.7, P<0.0001). <b>C and D.</b> Number of glomeruli: C (non-occluded naris) and D (occluded naris). A mixed effects ANOVA showed no differences in glomerular number between different cage types (F<sub>1,20</sub> = 1.82, P = 0.19) and between occluded and unoccluded sides. The data in the LV cages is reproduced with permission from a previous publication in the Journal of Comparative Neurology <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0011359#pone.0011359-Oliva1" target="_blank">[15]</a>.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Naris occlusion upregulates GFP presence in the OB.
No full text<p>A shows the representative coronal 18 µm section of the naris-occluded OB of a TRPM5 GFP animal (scale bar = 500 µm). The right OB in the image is ipsilateral to the occluded (Closed) naris, and the left OB is ipsilateral to the open naris. The section was immunostained with an antibody against GFP (green). As expected, the OB is smaller in the occluded side <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0061990#pone.0061990-Brunjes3" target="_blank">[52]</a>. (B) Histogram of the number of pixels as a function of the fluorescence intensity (0–4095) after subtracting intensity taken from the external plexiform layer (EPL) just underneath the glomerular layer. GFP immunofluorescence is higher in the occluded side (ii) compared to open side (i). (C) Cumulative histogram for fluorescence intensity after subtraction of EPL fluorescence levels for all four animals examined. Occluded OBs (red) express GFP at significantly higher level than open OB (blue) (t-test for mean intensity, <i>p</i> = 0.0286, n = 4). D shows a 2D color map of the glomeruli displaying GFP immunofluorescence as a function of percentage distance from the dorsal most point (*) around the glomerular layer in the olfactory bulb in A. Three representative OB sections were taken from the rostral, medial and caudal one-third and analyzed for GFP immunofluorescence intensity around the glomerular layer. (E) Mean fluorescence intensity around the glomerular layer of the occluded (red) and the open OB (blue). Thin lines represent the standard error of the mean (SEM). The intensity was averaged for caudal, middle and rostral images. Occluded side of OB (red) significantly differs from the open side of the OB (blue) (<i>p</i><0.0001, N-Way ANOVA, n = 4). % peripheral distance was measured starting from the dorsal most point. d = dorsal, l = lateral, v = ventral, m = medial.</p
Naris occlusion upregulates GFP immunofluorescence in the occluded side of the OE of TRPM5-GFP mice.
No full text<p>A. This panel shows a representative image of a 14 µm coronal section of the OE taken from a naris-occluded animal. The right side in the image is ipsilateral to the occluded naris (Closed) (scale bar = 500 µm). GFP immunofluorescence is green. B. Averaged GFP immunofluorescence (intensity ranges from 0 to 1, with a gain set so that OSN GFP immunofluorescence ranged from 0 to 0.2). The left side in the image is ipsilateral to the open side of naris (Open). Averaged GFP immunofluorescence intensity in the OE in the septum (i–iii) and the lateral regions (iv) were compared between open and closed sides. Averaged fluorescence intensity was significantly higher in the closed side of epithelium in all locations. (i; <i>p</i> = 0.02, ii; <i>p</i> = 0.006, iii; <i>p</i> = 0.002, iv; <i>p</i> = 0.007, p value FDR corrected 0.05, paired t-test, n = 4).</p
Variety release by NARIS partner institutions from germplasm under development originated from ICARDA in 2019
No full textList of varieties released by NARIs partner institutions from germplasm under development originated from ICARDA in 201
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