1,721,164 research outputs found
Reconstruction of the orientational pair correlation function from neutron diffraction data: the case of liquid hydrogen iodide
No full textAn analysis of partial-structure-factor information on molecular liquids is described which uses the spherical harmonic expansion of the site-site structure factors to extract an estimate of the orientational pair-correlation function between molecules. Recently published neutron-diffraction data on the site-site partials in liquid hydrogen iodide at 210 K are used as the input data to this technique. The results, which are presented as a map of the orientational pair-correlation function, g(r,omega1,omega2), show the occurrence of pronounced relative orientational correlations between molecules at this temperature, even though the same orientations are apparently only weakly correlated with the molecular center of mass. The same spherical harmonic expansion procedure can be applied to a number of other molecular liquids where diffraction data are available
Quantum effects in the single particle kinetic energy of high density fluid <sup>4</sup>He
No full textDeep inelastic neutron-scattering measurements have been performed in dense fluid 4He along three isochores at number densities 33, 38, and 45 nm-3 and temperatures ranging from 4.35 to 56 K. Data have been analyzed in the plane-wave impulse-approximation framework to obtain the root-mean-square values of the single-particle momentum along a given direction px. The density and temperature behavior of the derived mean kinetic energies is discussed in comparison with a simple harmonic model for the fluid and with quantum simulations performed using a path-integral Monte Carlo code. The comparison with the harmonic models sheds light on the density dependence of the zero-point kinetic energy of the particles and points out the inadequacy of a single-frequency Einstein-oscillator model in describing its temperature dependence. The quantum simulation results are in substantial agreement with the experimental data although systematic deviations are found as the density is increased
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Inelasticity effects in the neutron diffraction measurements from water steam using pulsed sources
No full textOccupational COVID-19 risk to dental staff working in a public dental unit in the outbreak epicenter
No full textObjective: The management of the COVID-19 outbreak occurred in Lombardy (Italy) implied that non-COVID-19 health care was remodeled, limiting adequate resources in non-hospital public dental healthcare settings. This situation offered the opportunity to investigate the occupational COVID-19 risk to dental staff in public non-hospital dental units.
Methods: An infection control protocol was designed for dental health care in the Territorial Health and Social Services Authority (ASST) "Melegnano and Martesana" (Milan). Since specific guidance from central authorities was lacking, information was gathered from international public health organizations. The probability to visit asymptomatic COVID-19-infected patients was estimated, and the occupational risk to dental staff was calculated.
Results: The probability to visit asymptomatic patients passed from 1.2% (95% confidence interval -95 CI, 0.6%-2.5%) in the first period (20 February-15 March 2020) to 11.1% (95 CI, 5.8%-23.6%) in the second period (16 March-30 April). Dentists and dental assistants did not develop COVID-19, while one nurse did, the nature of her occupational risk was unclear, as nurses provided prevalently non-dental health care. The probabilities of developing COVID-19 per worked hour per person excluding and including this uncertain situation were 0.0% (95 CI, 0.0%-3.2%) and 0.9% (95 CI, 0.1%-4.7%).
Conclusion: Relatively simple infection control procedures were enough to control occupational COVID-19 risk during the outbreak
Structure of the Ne-Xe mixture near the 26-MPa demixing curve at T=275 K
No full textWe report neutron diffraction measurements for two Ne-Xe mixtures at T = 275 K and P =26 MPa, having a Xe molar fraction of 0.81 and 0.45, respectively. These thermodynamic points are chosen to be in the single phase region, close to the gas-gas demixing surface. Total structure factors and neutron weighted pair distribution functions have been extracted. Partial pair distribution functions gij(r) have been calculated by means of molecular dynamics simulation using Lennard-Jones interaction potentials and the Lorentz-Berthelot mixing rules, obtaining a good agreement with the experimental data. These partial pair distribution functions have been analyzed in terms of density expansion and also compared with those derived in a previous experiment on a He-Xe mixture. The main difference found between the structural properties of the two mixtures is that, in the Ne containing mixture, a definitely larger fraction of atoms of the lighter species occupies the Xe-Xe first neighbor shell. The model already used in interpreting the thermodynamic behavior of the He-Xe mixture in terms of microscopic properties suggests that this structural difference is related to the different behavior of the pressure-temperature projection of the critical line in the two mixtures
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