1,374,849 research outputs found

    A conceptual model and rapid appraisal tool for integrated coastal floodplain assessments

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    Low-lying coastal zones are high-risk areas threatened by flooding due to extreme coastal events and rising sea-levels. The coastal floodplain system includes elements such as near-shore waves and water levels, inter-tidal beaches and coastal habitats, natural and artificial sea defences and multiple inland floodplain features. Flood risk studies generally achieve an integrated assessment of these elements using multiple numerical models for different floodplain elements. However fundamental choices of floodplain description and the appropriate data, methods and models can vary widely between different sites and flood risk studies. A comprehensive conceptual model is needed to describe the floodplain system and help inform these choices in each site. However a descriptive conceptual model for coastal floodplain systems does not exist at present. There is a bias in flood risk studies towards the direct use of numerical models with limited use of conceptual models – existing models are implicit and do not describe the coastal floodplain system.This thesis addresses this gap by developing, applying and testing a rapid appraisal tool that conceptually describes the coastal floodplain as a system of interacting elements. The tool is developed in two parts – i) a quasi-2D Source– Pathway – Receptor (SPR) model that provides a comprehensive qualitative description of the floodplain; and ii) a Bayesian network model that uses this description to quantify individual elements as sources, pathways and receptors of flood propagation. The quasi-2D SPR is applied in 8 diverse coastal zones across Europe 4 of which include nested case-studies. It is an effective way of gathering and describing information about the floodplain from stakeholders across multiple disciplines. The Bayesian network model is applied to two contrasting floodplain systems in England – Teignmouth and Portsmouth. The network model is effective in pinpointing critical flood pathways and identifying key knowledge gaps for further analyses. The two models together provide a comprehensive understanding of the coastal floodplain system that can be used to inform and target the use of more detailed numerical models.Hence this thesis provides a conceptual model and tool to improve flood risk assessment. It makes conceptual understanding of the floodplain explicit and stratifies quantitative analysis by application of a rapid assessment tool before the use of detailed numerical models

    Lakshmi Narayan

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    Detail, head and torso of Narayan, with Lakshmi at right; Lakshmi-Narayana is a manifestation of Vishnu in the Hindu religion. It usually refers to Vishnu, also known as Narayan, when he is with his consort, Lakshmi (or Laksmi, in this sculpture shown on a smaller scale, sitting on Narayan's lap). Narayan is frequently shown with four arms and holding attributes including a conch shell and lotus as shown here. Both figures give the Vitarka mudra with one hand. Source: Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (accessed 4/13/2015

    A Rare Case of Meningitis: Can Cellulosimicrobium cellulans Cause Meningitis in a Non-immunocompromised Person?

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    © Copyright 2024 Narayan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Infections with Gram-positive soil-dwelling bacterium are sporadic. Rarely, do patients with indwelling medical devices or those who suffer from immunosuppression get infected by this pathogen. However, based on routine clinical and laboratory procedures, it is hard to distinguish between the meningitis caused by and that from other bacteria. Here, we report a unique case of infection in a 37-year-old immunocompetent man presenting with meningitis associated with encephalopathy and headache. He presented with severe headaches, altered sensorium, reduced sleep, photophobia, and restlessness, with a feeling of impending doom, but with no neck rigidity and fever. Trans-axial T1 and T2/FLAIR head MRI showed diffused cerebral edema, with bilateral high frontoparietal sulcal enhancement, hyperintensity along the right posterior insula-temporal region, and left parietal deep white matter. Lumbar puncture CSF examination indicated bacterial meningitis, and was identified on culture. The patient was administered intravenous ceftriaxone for seven days and dexamethasone for three days. A follow-up lumbar puncture CSF examination showed no signs of the pathogen, indicating its eradication. To our knowledge, this is the first case of causing meningitis in an otherwise healthy man with no history of indwelling medical devices or immunosuppression. This rare case of meningitis suggests that can infect healthy humans and cause meningitis

    Are Shocks to Commodity Prices Persistent?

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    This paper considers the issue of whether shocks to ten commodity prices (gold, silver, platinum, copper, aluminum, iron ore, lead, nickel, tin, and zinc) are persistent or transitory. We use two recently developed unit root tests, namely the Narayan and Popp (NP, 2010) test and the Liu and Narayan (LN, 2010) test that allow for two structural breaks in the data series. Using the NP test, we are able to reject the unit root null for iron ore and tin, while, using the GARCH-based unit root test of LN, we are able to reject the unit root null for five commodity prices; namely, iron ore, nickel, zinc, lead, and tin. Our findings, thus, suggest that only shocks to gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, and copper are persistent.Commodity Prices; Unit Root Test; GARCH.

    Exploring humor in situations and characters: an analysis of r.k. Narayan\u27s selected works

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    This paper delves into the nuanced expression of humor within both situations and characters in the select works of R.K. Narayan, a renowned Indian author celebrated for his wit and keen observations of everyday life. Through a comprehensive analysis of Narayan\u27s selected works, this study aims to uncover the multifaceted layers of humor present in his narratives. By examining the intricate interplay between situational comedy and the portrayal of diverse characters, ranging from ordinary individuals to eccentric personalities, this analysis seeks to elucidate how Narayan masterfully employs humor to both entertain and offer incisive commentary on the human condition. Furthermore, through close examination of specific literary techniques, such as irony, satire, and absurdity, this paper seeks to highlight the enduring relevance and universal appeal of Narayan\u27s comedic genius. Ultimately, this exploration not only contributes to a deeper understanding of Narayan\u27s literary craftsmanship but also underscores the significance of humor as a potent tool for storytelling and social critique

    Familial Crisis in the Novels of R. K. Narayan

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    R. K. Narayan is an award winning author of more than a dozen novels and short stories, instead of these, he is popularly known for his Malgudi Days. He was born on 10th Oct. 1906 in Madras British India (now Chennai Tamil Nadu, India). His full name was Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanswami. The life of R.K Narayan is reflected in all his works. The life of middle-class Indian society is the focus of his most of the novels, and each main character goes through a crisis and transformation of some sort, maybe it is an identity or spiritual one. It is important to note that R. K. Narayan wrote solely on his own experiences as a middle-class Brahmin of the fairly high caste-a privileged position that was not the norm of India
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