122,015 research outputs found
Determinanti ed effetti del volontariato: un profilo economico.
No full textIl libro si articola in sei capitoli. Nel primo capitolo, attingendo alla principale
letteratura internazionale sul tema, si prova a delineare una definizione
di volontariato come attività di lavoro svolta senza un corrispettivo monetario
a favore di un individuo o della collettività, spontaneamente, con o senza il
filtro di un’organizzazione formalmente costituita. Si prova, inoltre, a capire,
in chiave descrittiva, chi sono effettivamente i volontari in Italia: a tal fine si
analizzano i principali e più recenti dati dell’Istat sul volontariato. Nel secondo
capitolo si analizzano i principali modelli economici sulle determinanti del
volontariato: in altre parole, a partire dallo studio dei modelli di teoria economica, si ragiona su cosa può indurre un individuo, volto alla massimizzazione
della propria utilità, a fare volontariato. Si commentano, inoltre, i principali
risultati della letteratura empirica. Il capitolo terzo introduce gli effetti del
volontariato con l’obiettivo di avviare il lettore al percorso che seguirà nei
capitoli successivi: in altri termini, il terzo capitolo rappresenta una sorta di
raccordo tra i capitoli che lo precedono e quelli che seguono. Inoltre, si introducono
i dati su cui si implementano le analisi empiriche che corredano i
capitoli dal IV al VI.
Nel quarto capitolo, si investigano gli effetti del volontariato in termini di
premio salariale: cioè si indaga sulla possibilità che coloro che lavorano e sono
anche volontari in organizzazioni non-profit conseguano un miglioramento
del salario rispetto a coloro che non prestano attività di volontariato. Si studia,
pertanto, il premio salariale per i volontari analizzando tre questioni: i)
se un premio salariale esiste; ii) qualora esista, quale è la sua dimensione; iii)
infine, mediante quale meccanismo economico il volontario ottiene un più
alto salario.
Nel quinto capitolo, si indaga la relazione volontariato/salute. I risultati di
un ampio filone della letteratura sociologica ed epidemiologica suggeriscono
che chi fa volontariato non solo dichiara uno stato di salute percepita migliore
di chi non fa volontariato (Carlson 2004), ma di fatto gode di una salute
fisica e mentale migliore (Moen et al. 1992; Musick et al. 1999; Post 2005).
Inoltre, tra i volontari si registrano tassi di mortalità più bassi rispetto ai non
volontari (Musick e Wilson 2008; Konrath et al. 2011). Recentemente, anche
gli economisti hanno iniziato a studiare gli effetti del volontariato formale
sulla salute (Borgonovi 2008; Petrou e Kupek 2008; Fiorillo e Nappo 2014,
2015). In particolare, nell’ultima parte del capitolo, si studiano gli effetti del
volontariato formale in Italia.
Nel sesto ed ultimo capitolo, dopo aver analizzato le determinanti del benessere,
si studia la relazione volontariato/benessere utilizzando i dati ufficiali
italiani. Recenti ricerche empiriche hanno dimostrato che gli individui che
fanno volontariato sono molto più soddisfatti della propria vita rispetto a
coloro che non fanno volontariato (Meier e Stutzer 2004; Bruni e Stanca
2008; Fiorillo 2012; Nappo 2010b). Altre hanno dimostrato che la scarsità
di relazioni interpersonali sincere rappresenta una delle principali cause della
diminuzione della felicità nelle democrazie di mercato (Lane 2000). Il volontariato
è attività che si pratica quasi sempre in gruppo, è momento di aggregazione,
di condivisione e di confronto tra le parti che interagiscono: come si
vedrà, questi sono i principali motivi per cui chi fa volontariato ne guadagna
in termini di benessere
Job satisfaction in Italy: individual characteristics and social relations
No full textThis paper investigates the determinants of job satisfaction in Italy with particular emphasis on social relations. Our econometric analysis is based on four waves (1993, 1995, 1998 and 2000) of the Multipurpose Household Survey conducted annually by the Italian Central Statistics Office. The results of ordered probit regressions and robustness tests show that volunteering and meetings with friends are significantly and positively correlated with job satisfaction, with religious participation playing the biggest role. Our findings also show that meetings with friends increase job satisfaction through self-perceived health
Job satisfaction in Italy: individual characteristics and social relations
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the determinants of job satisfaction in Italy with
particular emphasis on social relations.
Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses the data from the Multiscopo Survey of
Households (MSH) conducted by the Italian Central Statistical Office for the years 1993-1995-1998-2000
for empirical investigations with ordered probit and robustness tests. A statistical matching procedure
to impute missing values on household income in MSH is also performed.
Findings – The paper finds that social interactions matter. While visits to relatives are not
statistically significant, volunteer work and the frequency of meetings with friends are significantly
and positively correlated with job satisfaction, with church attendance having the biggest impact on
job satisfaction. These results seem to confirm the main assumption of the paper: social relations
are helpful in gaining more and in improving career prospects. The findings also show that meetings
with friends increase job satisfaction through self-perceived health, suggesting a “buffering effect” of
the networks of friends. In addition, results for Italy confirm findings gathered from job satisfaction
studies with some novel evidence.
Originality/value – The role of social relations in job satisfaction has received no attention.
The paper contributes to the literature by carrying out the first empirical analysis on the relationship
between social relations and job satisfaction. Overall, the value-added of the study is twofold. First, it
adds a new piece of evidence to the existing literature on job satisfaction, i.e. the effects of social
relations. To the best of the knowledge, there are no studies which consider social interactions
as determinants of job satisfaction. Second, it extends the country evidence on the determinants of
job satisfaction
Otitoma hadra Morassi & Nappo & Bonfitto 2017, sp. nov.
No full textOtitoma hadra sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D699962E-3975-4973-A6AB-047323F41C8B Fig. 4 P–U Etymology The specific epithet refers to the Greek ‘ hadros ’ (thick), alluding to the small but very thick shell. Type material Holotype NEW CALEDONIA: BATHUS 4, Stn DW 882, N of New Caledonia, 22°02 ′ S, 165°56 ′ E, 250–350 m (MNHN IM-2000-32603). Paratype NEW CALEDONIA: same data as holotype (MNHN IM- 2000-32604). Description Shell somewhat biconic (b/l 0.41–0.48; a/l 0.56–0.57). Teleoconch of 3–3¼ weakly and evenly convex whorls, with a slight shoulder at mid-whorl height. Suture shallow, bordered by a weakly prominent sub-sutural fold followed by a shallowly concave sutural ramp. Axial sculpture of opisthocline ribs, subequal to or narrower than intercostal spaces, abruptly ending at level of abapical side of sutural ramp (Fig. 4S). 14–16 axial ribs on penultimate and 18–19 ribs on last whorl. First teleoconch whorl with 3 spiral cords between the sutural ramp, sutures of following whorl increasing to 4–5 on penultimate and last whorl. Spiral cords closely-spaced, not plicate where crossing axial ribs. Sutural ramp with 1 spiral cord increasing to 2 cords on later two whorls. Last whorl with 19–22 main spiral cords and 1 occasional secondary cord in interspaces on base and rostrum. Interspaces between cords lacking secondary sculpture. Aperture rather narrow, ovate, constricted at entrance to siphonal canal. Siphonal canal short, relatively wide. Inner lip covered with a thick callus. Outer lip edge sharp, preceded by a strong, wide varix. Stromboid notch weak. Anal sinus relatively broad and moderately deep, a C-shaped notch, its entrance weakly constricted. Protoconch domed, of up to 1½ smooth whorls, diameter 1.04– 1.09 mm. Protoconch white, teleoconch yellowish-white flecked with orange-yellow on sutural ramp and along some axial ribs on last whorl. Dimensions Holotype: 5.1 × 2.1 mm, aperture height 2.85 mm. Paratype: 4.7 × 2.25 mm, aperture height 2.7 mm. Remarks Otitoma hadra sp. nov. is readily distinguished from its described congeners by its rather small, thick shell (about 5 mm in maximum length), with a relatively large protoconch and well developed sculpture (both spiral and axial).Published as part of Morassi, Mauro, Nappo, Andrea & Bonfitto, Antonio, 2017, New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 304 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.304, http://zenodo.org/record/382582
Individual Heterogeneity in the Association Between Social Participation and Self‐rated Health: A Panel Study on BHPS
No full textIn the last ten years, interest in social capital as a mechanism for understanding actual and
perceived health has been increasing among economists. Although the pathways by which
social participation, as a dimension of social capital, may have a positive effect on health
seem clearly identified, empirical evidence is mixed because the lack of longitudinal data
makes it difficult to deal with individual heterogeneity. Our study investigates the relationship
between social participation (as measured by being a member, active, or both a
member and active) in associations and self-rated health in a panel setting, using the first
five waves of the British Household Panel Survey from 1991 to 1995 (unbalanced panel
N = 45,745). To take into account heterogeneity, we implement three different kinds of estimations
for fixed effects, two have been largely used in the literature and one method was
recently proposed by Baetschmann et al. (J R Stat Soc Ser A 178: 685–703, 2015). We find
positive effects but weak significance for active membership. When we control for reverse
causality, using lagged independent variables and membership in specific organizations,
we obtain more detailed and in some cases significant results
Otitoma philpoppei Morassi & Nappo & Bonfitto 2017, sp. nov.
No full textOtitoma philpoppei sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0F62828-F675-448A-903A-73AB90576A4A Fig. 6 I–N Etymology This taxon is dedicated by one of the authors (AN) to his friend the malacologist Philippe Poppe (Lapu Lapu, Philippines). Type material Holotype PHILIPPINES: Mactan Island, 200 m, from local fishermen (MNHN IM-2000-32609). Paratype FIJI ISLANDS: BORDAU 1, Stn DW1464, 18°09 ′ S, 178°38 ′ W, 285–300 m (MNHN IM- 2000-32610). Description Shell cylindric-pupoid (b/l 0.39–0.40; a/l 0.55–0.59). Teleoconch consisting of 2¾–3½ whorls which are weakly and evenly convex. Last whorl with a shallowly excavated base. Whorls separated by a shallow suture, bordered by 2 closely spaced spiral cords, but lacking a distinct sub-sutural fold. Subsutural ramp shallow and concave. First teleoconch whorl with 2 closely spaced cords at suture, 1 weak cord on sutural ramp and 3 spiral cords on abapical part of whorl. On following whorl additional cords develop on sutural ramp, including 2–3 spirals more prominent than others, with 8–9 spiral cords below sutural ramp, increasing to 14–15 on last whorl. Spiral cords closely spaced, somewhat irregular in strength, rendered plicate by dense, moderately coarse incremental growth lines covering entire surface (Fig. 6L). Base sculptured by 14–15 spiral cords with 1 fine interstitial thread between. Axial sculpture restricted to penultimate whorl, consisting of irregularly spaced, opisthocline axial ribs, narrower than intercostal spaces, extending from suture to suture, but becoming narrower and arcuate on sutural ramp (about 13 on penultimate whorl in holotype). Aperture narrow and almost linear, but constricted at entrance to siphonal canal. Siphonal canal wide, expanding slightly distally, not notched. Inner lip covered with a thin callus and weak parietal pad. Outer lip preceded by a wide, low and rounded varix, its edge sharp, with a relatively shallow (for genus) stromboid notch. Anal sinus moderately deep, rounded, asymmetrically U-shaped, its entrance only slightly constricted by parietal pad. Protoconch domed, of 2½–2¾ whorls, smooth (Fig. 6 M–N), diameter 0.89–0.90 mm. Color white or white with three light brownish orange bands (on sutural ramp, on base of last and penultimate whorl and on base) and aperture edged with brownish orange. Dimensions Holotype: 6.7 × 2.7 mm, aperture height 3.7 mm. Paratype: 5.6 × 2.2 mm, aperture height 3.3 mm. Remarks Otitoma philpoppei sp. nov. belongs to a morphologically distinctive group, which includes O. kecil and O. vitrea, that are rather small (about 5 mm in length), have a pupoid shape, and have similar protoconch features. The new species is comparable to O. vitrea from Mindanao, Philippines, but differs in having a much more abbreviated shell such that the last whorl represents nearly 60% of total height, and possesses more numerous raised spiral cords. Furthermore, O. philpoppei sp. nov. has distinct axial ribs on the penultimate whorl, while O. vitrea lacks axial sculpture. Otitoma philpoppei sp. nov. differs distinctly from O. kecil in its proportions (b/l 0.39–0.40 vs 0.29; a/l 0.55–0.59 vs 0.44), the presence of axial ribs on the penultimate whorl (axial sculpture is absent in O. kecil) and the type of spiral sculpture (spiral cords closely-set and low rather than narrow, widely spaced and prominent as in O. kecil).Published as part of Morassi, Mauro, Nappo, Andrea & Bonfitto, Antonio, 2017, New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 304 on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.304, http://zenodo.org/record/382582
Tra Economicità e Qualità: Le Politiche Sociali alla Sfida del Nuovo Millennio
No full textfornisce un quadro analitico di riferimento per la valutazione comparativa di modalità diverse di erogazione di alcuni servizi alla persona, che, come è noto, a seguito della crisi del modello di welfare-state tradizionale, sono sempre più spesso, delegati dal settore pubblico ad organizzazioni produttive private del “Terzo Settore”
Otitoma tropispira Morassi & Nappo & Bonfitto 2017, sp. nov.
No full textOtitoma tropispira sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 85D8CD51-3521-4BEB-B393-80F55132AAF6 Fig. 3 M–R Etymology The specific epithet comes from a combination of the Greek ‘ tropis ’ (a keel) and the Latin ‘ spira ’ (spire), alluding to the strong spiral sculpture of the keel-like cords. Type material Holotype NEW CALEDONIA: BATHUS 2, Stn DW 747, S of New Caledonia, 22°30 ′ S, 166°260 ′ E, 574 m (MNHN IM-2000-32591). Paratypes NEW CALEDONIA: paratype 1, same data as holotype (MNHN IM- 2000-32592); paratypes 2 (MZB 60212) and 3 (MNHN IM- 2000-32593), SW of New Caledonia, Boulari Passage, 400 m; paratype 4, BATHUS 4, Stn CP946, N of New Caledonia, 20°34 ′ S, 164°58 ′ E, 386–430 m (MNHN IM- 2000- 32594); paratype 5, BATHUS 1, Stn DW683, off E coast, 20°35 ′ S, 165°07 ′ E, 380–400 m (MNHN IM- 2000-32595); paratype 6, BATHUS 2, Stn DW758, S of New Caledonia, 22°18 ′ S, 166°11 ′ E, 377– 386 m (MNHN IM- 2000-32596). Description Shell fusiform (b/l 0.34–0.36; a/l 0.42–0.50). Teleoconch of 6–7 convex whorls with periphery at middle on earlier whorls, posterior to mid-whorl on later ones. Suture moderately deep, bordered by a prominent sub-sutural fold bearing a spiral cord, demarcated by a distinctly concave sutural ramp. Sculpture consisting of widely-spaced, narrow, keel-like spiral cords. Four earliest teleoconch whorls with a sub-sutural cord and two cords on abapical half of whorl, increasing to 3 on fifth and 4 on later two whorls. Last whorl with 11–15 spiral cords on base and rostrum. Sutural ramp with a narrow weak cord on its abapical part, becoming stronger on later two whorls (in paratype 5 (MNHN IM-2000-32595) comparable in strength to main spiral cords). Interspaces between spiral cords sculptured by numerous, very fine and faint spiral threads varying in number (up to about 13) (Fig. 3P). Axial sculpture represented only by incremental lines, more evident on sutural ramp, where they are arcuate in conformity with curvature of anal sinus. Aperture rather narrow, lanceolate, strongly constricted at entrance to siphonal canal. Siphonal canal long for genus, not notched terminally. Inner lip with moderately thin callus, parietal region with a pad formed at intersection with outer lip. Outer lip edge sharp, preceded by a wide, strong, rounded varix. Stromboid notch distinct, deep. Anal sinus deep, U-shaped, with strongly constricted opening. Protoconch conical, of 2½–2¾ smooth whorls. Protoconch diameter 0.81–0.92 mm (Fig. 3 Q–R). Color white or cream, with yellowish-orange spiral cords. Dimensions Holotype: 16.3 × 5.7 mm, aperture height 8.1 mm. Paratype 2 (largest specimen): 18.8 × 6.4 mm, aperture height 8.5 mm; paratype 6 (smallest specimen): 14.3 × 5.0 mm, aperture height 6.8 mm. Remarks Otitoma tropispira sp. nov. is distinguished from its described congeners by its rather large size (attains about 19 mm in maximum length) and the sculpture of its keel-like spiral cords, somewhat reminiscent of members of the pseudomelatomid genus Turridrupa Hedley, 1922. However, members of that genus have a weak to absent parietal pad, which does not constrict entrance to the anal sinus, and the interior part of the aperture is sculptured by spiral plicae. Furthermore, the protoconch of O. tropispira sp. nov. is smooth, while that of Turridrupa bears axial riblets on the last 1½–2 whorls (Kilburn 1988; Powell 1966).Published as part of Morassi, Mauro, Nappo, Andrea & Bonfitto, Antonio, 2017, New species of the genus Otitoma Jousseaume, 1898 (Pseudomelatomidae, Conoidea) from the Western Pacific Ocean, pp. 1-30 in European Journal of Taxonomy 304 on pages 12-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.304, http://zenodo.org/record/382582
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