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Procedimenti speciali nel nuovo processo societario. Atti del Convegno tenutosi a Napoli il 6 luglio 2004
No full textConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal
Natural Hazards, Poverty Traps versus Economic Growth
No full textGovernments, even in developed countries, devote too scarce resources to coping (ex-ante) with natural hazards;
as a consequence of this short-sightedness, (ex-post) direct and indirect effects of catastrophic events deeply
compromise the economic growth.
Protective measures against natural hazards mean complex choices involving the opinions of multidisciplinary
groups of experts in the fields of ecology, civic and geotechnical engineering, geology, meteorology, law and
economics. Moreover, tools and choices affect different stakeholders: politicians, producers, consumers, taxpayers
and voters. Complementarity between informed rationality and democracy need to be recognized and guaranteed
as too often the perceptions of the majority of the stakeholders involved about natural hazards are not consistent
with any objective information about the catastrophic event.
The interaction between strict budget constraints, extremely high degrees of uncertainty, risk-aversion and credit
rationing, trade-off between democracy and rationality, are the main causes of potential ‘poverty traps’.
First of all we believe that the ‘reconstruction output’ to be included in GDP as an ex-post effect of a natural hazard
is a forced investment much more effective in crowding-out other consumption and investment and less effective
for growth than investments aiming at increasing, ex-ante, the resiliency of the economy. Keynes’ ‘Animal Spirits’
are embedded in positive expectation for future gains especially if not concentrated in reconstruction procurement
sectors but spread across different sectors of the economy.
The increased demand for reconstruction goods and services may act in both directions depending on the phase of
the business cycles in which the economy is. Risk premiums for risk-averter investors increase in consequence of
a natural hazard event; this restrict budget constraints and strengthen credit rationing. A mere replacement effect
of the destroyed capital by a more efficient one is not enough to assert a prevalent stimulus effect of disasters on
economic growth.
Econometric analyses are not conclusive in the sign of the impact of natural disasters on growth.
The ‘poverty traps’ effect may be stronger where resources are mainly devoted to the supply of a ‘reconstruction
output’ instead of a ‘resiliency output’.
Following the suggestions of financial literature, we believe that a certain (minimum) percentage of GDP may be
devoted by Governments to cope (ex-ante) with natural hazards. This will redistribute some resources from the
‘reconstruction sector’ to the ‘resiliency sector’ and mainly to a human capital investment. We’ll, then, try to link
‘resiliency’ to economic growth
A Neapolitan Team, Naples, Italy.
No full textLantern slide of a cart drawn by a horse and cattle team in Naples, Italy, circa 1905.https://research.library.kutztown.edu/lanternslideseducation/1691/thumbnail.jp
World War II, waterfront at Naples, Italy
No full textWaterfront at Naples, Italy. Park is seen on lef
Meteorological data of Capo Posillipo weather station (Naples, Italy) during Dec. 2013 - Oct. 2018
No full textWeather data monitoring is ongoing since 2013 in a network of three sites located in the Campi Flegrei volcanic area, near Naples (Italy) in the framework of the MONICA (Innovative Monitoring of Coastal and Marine Environment) Project. The aim of this activity is to acquire time series to analyze the influence of meteorological factors on geomorphological coastal processes, such as cliff retreat, landslides and beach erosion. The uploaded dataset includes data (temperature, rain, wind, barometric pressure and humidity) acquired at the Capo Posillipo automatic weather station (model DAVIS Vantage Pro2 wireless) during the period Dec. 2013 - Oct. 2018. The station is located in the western sector of the urban area of Naples (Italy). Automatic data transfer from the weather station to the ISMAR-CNR processing center, located in the Naples harbor, is routinely performed via an Internet LAN connection
1943-1945; Sfax, Tunisia [top], and Naples, Italy [bottom].
No full textBlack and White photograph of three different aerial views of bombing sites during World War II by the United States Ninth Army Air Force. The top image shows the port of Sfax, Tunisia, after a bombing raid on the port. The bottom left image shows an unidentified Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber flying through flak over Naples, Italy. The bottom right image shows the port of Naples, Italy during a bombing raid, circa 1943-1945.https://digitalcommons.pittstate.edu/watkins/1058/thumbnail.jp
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