541 research outputs found
Gondwanocentrus humphriesi Butcher & Quicke, sp. nov.
No full textGondwanocentrus humphriesi Butcher & Quicke sp. nov. Material examined. 1 Female, CHILE, Region ×, Parc Nacional Puyehue Anticura Sendero Repucura, sweeping in Nothofagus /Cusqueira forest, 447m, 17.ii.2005, 40º 39 ’ 53 ”S 70 º 10 ’ 02”W. Description. Body length 2.8 mm, fore wing 2.6 mm and exserted part of ovipositor 0.5 mm. Flagellum with 14 segments. Terminal flagellomere 1.5 × wider than 1 st. Apical three flagellar segments distinctly swollen and wider than rest of flagellum. First flagellomere 1.1 × longer than both the 2 nd and 3 rd separately; 3.6 × longer than wide. Face without midlongitudinal ridge, strongly transversely striate. Frons, occiput and temples coarsely rugose. Distance between posterior ocelli: transverse diameter of posterior ocellus: shortest distance between posterior ocellus and eye = 3: 1: 3. Temples wide and rounded. Pronotum forming a short but distinct neck. Mesosoma 1.7 × longer than high, largely setose (Fig. 6). Forewing: pterostigma 4 × longer than maximally wide; lengths of r-rs: 3 RSa: 3 RSb = 1.0: 2.7: 3.7; vein 1 CUa: 1 Cub = 1.0: 2.1 (Fig. 5). Hind wing: vein M+CU 1.25 × longer than 1 -M; vein m-cu slightly postfurcal. Fore femur with fine transverse sculpture, 4.5 × longer than maximally deep. Fore tibia 1.1 × longer than fore tarsus. Fore basitarsus 5 × longer than deep, 0.33 × length of whole tarsus. Hind coxa coarsely sculptured, transversely striate posterodorsally. Hind femur: tibia: tarsus: basitarsus = 0.85: 1.0: 0.85: 0.3. Hind basitarsus 0.25 × length of whole tarsus. First metasomal tergite longitudinally striate, basally with curved carinae that do not meet medially. 2 nd and 3 rd tergites largely coriaceous but with sculpture tending to form longitudinal parallel lines. 2 nd tergite with a very small mid-basal triangular area that is produced medially into a weak but distinct mid-longitudinal carina. Colour. Largely black; face, top of head, mesoscutum largely (except margins) red-brown; legs and palps yellowish; wings clear with pale brown venation. Male. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Etymology. Named in honour of the delightfully inquisitorial Mr John Humphries, who during an interview with the junior author for the BBC Radio 4 Today Programme suggested it might be nice to have a species named after himself.Published as part of Quicke, Donald L. J. & Butcher, Buntika A., 2015, Description of a new Betylobraconini-like parasitoid wasp genus and species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) from Chile, pp. 459-466 in Zootaxa 4021 (3) on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/24092
J. Willard Marriott Library Information Visualization Lecture Series presents Dr. Kirsten R. Butcher... Dr. Frank A. Drews, ... James Agutter, ... Dr. Ben Fry
No full textPoster publicizing the "Information Visualization Lecture Series" held during Winter Semester of 2013 in the Gould Auditorium of the J. Willard Marriott Library. Presenters included Dr. Kirsten R. Butcher (Educational Psychology), Dr. Frank A. Drews (Cognitive Psychology); James Agutter (College of Architecture and Planning); and Dr. Ben Fry (author of "Visualizing Data.
Aleiodes risaae Butcher, Smith, Sharkey & Quicke, 2012, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Aleiodes risaae</i> sp. nov. <p>(Fig. 153)</p> <p>Holotype ♀, Thailand, Phetchabun Province, Kaeng Krachan NP, Pa La-U/waterfall/carpark, 13–19.iii.2009, 12° 32.18 N, 99° 28.008 E, 735m, Malaise trap, Akaradate (collection code T4701) (voucher BCLDQ0154, Genbank JQ388357) (QSBG).</p> <p> Paratypes: 1 ♀, Thailand, Phetchabun Province, Thung Salaeng Luang NP, Gang Wang Nan Yen, 30.v.2003, 16° 37.531’ N, 100° 53.745’ E, 721m, Pongpitak Pranee & Sathit (voucher BCLDQ00744, Genbank JQ388406) (BMNH); 1 ♀, Thailand, Nakhon Nayok Province, Khao Yai Nat NP, San Jao Khaokeaw, 1.iv.2003, 14° 22.960’ N, 101° 23.253’ E, 750m, Wirat Sukho (voucher BCLDQ00749, Genbank JQ388401) (QSBG); 1?, Thailand, Kamchanaburi, Thongpapoom, 11.vii.09, UV light trap, Quicke, Butcher & Butcher (voucher BCLDQ01268, Genbank HM435190) (CUMZ); 2 ♀ (voucher BB0009 based on morphology only, and 2 nd spec, same data) (CUMZ).</p> <p>Body length 4.3 mm, fore wing length 3.2 mm and antenna length 5.7 mm.</p> <p> Antenna with 41 flagellomeres. Terminal flagellomere weakly acuminate. Median flagellomeres approximately 2.5 x longer than wide. Occipital carina complete mediodorsally, lamelliform and forming a weak point, ventrally joining hypostomal carina. Mesopleuron dorsally with strong longitudinal striation, precoxal sulcus with distinct transverse striation, speculum absent. Midlongidudinal propodeal carina present on anterior 0.6 of propodeum only. Fore wing vein 2-CU1 1.9 x 1-CU1. Apex of fore wing subbasal cell evenly setose. Fore wing vein 3-SR 1.5 x vein r. Fore wing vein 2-SR+M 1.1 x vein r. Fore wing vein SR1 3.19 x vein 3-SR. Hind wing vein M+CU 1.6 x 1-M. Hind wing subbasal cell evenly setose. Hind wing vein m-cu virtually absent. Apex of hind tibia withour comb of especially modified and adpressed setae medially. Claws without conspicuous pecten. Basal lobes of 1 st tergite large and strongly concave posteriorly such that steepest angle virtually transverse. Midlongitudinal carina of 3 rd tergite absent.</p> <p>Etymology. Named after the senior author’s friend Lisa (Risa) Tomjai Tangjam.</p>Published as part of <i>Butcher, Buntika Areekul, Smith, M. Alex, Sharkey, Mike J. & Quicke, Donald L. J., 2012, A turbo-taxonomic study of Thai Aleiodes (Aleiodes) and Aleiodes (Arcaleiodes) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Rogadinae) based largely on COI barcoded specimens, with rapid descriptions of 179 new species, pp. 1-232 in Zootaxa 3457</i> on page 187, DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.3457.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10832362">http://zenodo.org/record/10832362</a>
Chiral tricyclic triazolooxazine derived mesoionic carbene (MIC)-Pd(II) complexes of cyclohexene oxide scaffold: Synthesis, structure, and characterizations
No full textWe herein report the well-defined two novel chiral palladium(II) complexes 1(b−c), of the chiral N-fused tricyclic triazolooxazine derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligand 1a. The chiral tricyclic PEPPSI type complex (pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation stabilization and initiation) namely, trans-[tz-MIC)-PdI2(pyridine)] (1b), and the chiral tricyclic bis(tz-MIC)-palladium complex namely, cis-[tz-MIC)2-PdCl2] (1c). The chiral tricyclic trans-[tz-MIC)-PdI2(pyridine)] PEPPSI type complex (pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation stabilization and initiation) (1b) was directly obtained from their respective chiral tricyclic triazolooxazinium iodide salt (1a), by treatment with PdCl2 and K2CO3 in pyridine in 77% yield. The chiral tricyclic triazolooxazinium iodide salt (1a), was first converted to its in-situ silver analogue by reaction with Ag2O and then subsequently upon treatment with (COD)PdCl2 to produce the chiral tricyclic (tz-MIC)2PdCl2 type palladium complex (1c) in 84% yield. All these palladium complexes were isolated for the first time and structurally characterized by 1H NMR and 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray crystallography.MKG thanks to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR File No: 09/087(0663)/2010-EMR-I), New Delhi, for financial support of this research. The author gratefully acknowledge to the Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Facility, Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, India. The author also thanks to Professor P. Ghosh from Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, for his technical support. The author thanks to Professor Raymond John Butcher for solving the Single Crystal X-ray structures. The author gratefully acknowledge to CSIR, New Delhi for research fellowship
Axially chiral bis-1,2,3-Triazol-4-ylidene–Ag(I)-MIC and, bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes of (R)-BINOL and (-)-Menthol scaffold: Synthesis, structure, and characterizations
No full textHerein, we report the novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC and, bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes bearing axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligands were synthesized. The enantiopure R-BINOL was employed as a basic unit to synthesize a axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligands (1–2)a. In particular, the axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) ligands (1–2)a, were obtained from the reaction of corresponding bis-1,2,3-triazole ligand precursor with methyl and ethyl iodide in 82−90% yields. Novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC complexes (1 − 2)b, were prepared by the treatment of corresponding axially chiral bis-1,2,3-triazolium-derived mesoionic carbene (tz-MIC) iodide salts, (1 − 2)a, with Ag2O via in-situ deprotonation method in 69−86% yields. Novel axially chiral bis-Au(I)-MIC complex-2c was synthesized from their respective novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC complex-2b, using transmetallation reaction with (SMe2)AuCl in 70% yield. All these novel axially chiral bis-Ag(I)-MIC and bis-Au(I)-MIC complexes were isolated for the first time and structurally characterized by 1H NMR and 13C{1H}-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, specific optical rotation and, single crystal X-ray crystallography.MKG thanks to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR File No: 09/087(0663)/2010-EMR-I), New Delhi, for financial support of this research. The author gratefully acknowledge to the Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Facility, Department of Chemistry IIT Bombay, India. The author also thanks to Professor P. Ghosh from Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, for his technical support. The author thanks to Professor Raymond John Butcher for solving the Single Crystal X-ray structures. The author gratefully acknowledge to CSIR, New Delhi for research fellowship
Investigation of the Surface-Electrolyte Interface of Semiconductors and Metals
No full textThis thesis focuses upon investigating the interface between semiconductors or metals with electrolyte. Understanding the interfacial dynamics are important to improving process performance, whether investigating photocatalytic systems or the nature of adsorption and reaction dynamics on metal surfaces.
The first project presents the photoelectrochemical characteristics of TlVO4, a previously uncharacterized candidate for photocatalytic water splitting. Additionally, a composite of InVO4 and TlVO4 was synthesized by a facile solution method using orthorhombic InVO4 as a seed for growth of crystallographically similar orthorhombic TlVO4. Photoelectrochemical measurements indicate an increase in photocurrent and more negative flatband potentials for TlVO4 and the InVO4:TlVO4 composite relative to InVO4. Diffuse reflectance UV-visible measurements were used to determine bandgaps of 3.50 eV, 2.94 eV, and 2.98 eV for InVO4, TlVO4, and InVO4:TlVO4, respectively. DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the band structures and correlate well with experimental data. The results indicate higher photoelectrochemical activity for TlVO4 and the InVO4:TlVO4 composite relative to InVO4.
The second project investigates the potential dependent assembly of 2,2’-bipyridine molecules on both Au(100) and Au(111) surfaces using a newly developed SHINERS technique. We present potential dependent SHINERS spectra of 2,2’-bipyridine adsorbed on both surfaces collected under anodic as well as cathodic polarization. A series of processes were characterized by the analysis of the data set with Perturbation Correlation Moving Window Two Dimensional Spectroscopy (PCMW2D) and Two Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2DCOS). Exquisite spectral detail was achieved and allowed for the characterization of complicated ring breathing mode and C-C inter-ring stretching modes that are diagnostic of molecular orientation on the surfaces. Detection of several occluded vibration peaks was also made possible with SHINERS. Analysis reveals that in very negative potentials, 2,2’-bipyridine adsorbs in a disordered, mixed state with both π-flat cis and several different vertically N-bound cis orientations, in contrast to previously published reports. Our findings provide insight into 2,2’-bipyridine adsorption on Au single crystals and also powerfully combine SHINERS with two dimensional correlation analysis to yield a more detailed view of spectral transitions.
The third project details the origin of differential nitrate reduction activity between the (100), (111), and (110) faces of Cu using vibrational spectroscopy and calculations. Shell isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) reveals a suite of intermediates from the nitrate reduction process on Cu(100), Cu(111), and Cu(110) including NO2- and HNO. All three faces show similar intermediates, suggesting the same mechanism is operative on all of them. Critical to the reduction pathway on the bare Cu surfaces is the autocatalytic reduction of nitrate to nitrite concomitant with partial oxidation of the Cu surface. This priming action facilitates nitrate reduction and reduces overpotentials, particularly on the Cu(111) and Cu(110) faces, which are more susceptible to oxidation. Calculations show that the trend in activity between the different single crystal faces of Cu follows the strength of the adsorption of intermediates on the corresponding oxides; this trends was not found in calculations on the bare metal surfaces. Decoration of the surfaces with Cl- suppresses nitrate autocatalysis, resulting in higher overpotentials and lower current density. NH3 is observed by SHINERS as a direct nitrate reduction product in the presence of Cl-, rather than NOx species observed on the bare Cu surfaces, indicating a reaction pathway unique from the bare, undecorated surface.
The fourth project examines the coadsorption of water and potassium on a Au(100) surface using variable temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). The two-layer system initially formed on the reconstructed Au(100) through addition of K is converted into a labyrinthine row structure upon the introduction of water. This structure features KOH molecules likely covered with a water adlayer. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provide further insight into the observed labyrinthine striped structures formed by adsorbed KOH. Images obtained following limited introduction of water feature larger unreacted areas and a more disordered row structure.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-08-02T19:02:05Z
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Private equity funds and hedge funds: a primer
No full textPrivate equity funds and hedge funds are both alternative asset classes that are continuously growing in importance. Although they have different focuses, they share some characteristics. First of all, both have or allegedly have a significant impact on the economy as well as the financial system they operate in. Therefore, the question of a potential regulation of both asset classes arises. Due to the lack of sophisticated knowledge about the differences of these asset classes, market players fear that attempts to regulate hedge funds will adversely affect private equity funds. Besides the regulatory issue, there are several other links between these two asset classes that have to be looked at. The relationship between those two asset classes is therefore of general importance. Last months' developments in the hedge fund industry (e.g. rumors about turbulences as well as hedge funds forcing the dismissal of the CEO of Deutsche Börse) have now even led to a broad public debate about private equity and hedge funds. At least in Germany the debate has been partly fueled by the fact that both types of funds are highly funded by institutional investors from abroad. Due to this the debate widened and included criticism on Anglo-Saxon style capitalism as well. In the light of the last German elections, hedge funds and private equity funds have even been compared to locusts, notorious for exhausting whole countries. However, the distinction between hedge funds and private equity funds remains very vague in this discussion, so that deep mistrust is spread among the public opinion against these new, mostly unknown and misunderstood types of investors. For this reason it is important to * discuss the arguments for or against regulation, * look at the major links between the two asset classes, * look at the major differences that exist between the asset classes, and * conceive a set of criteria to clearly distinguish between both types of funds. The purpose of this paper is to comment on possible solutions to the above mentioned tasks. It outlines preliminary thoughts and findings. Further, it comments on the steps that we think should be taken to further enhance perception of private equity funds as opposed to hedge funds from a public as well as a regulatory perspective. --Private Equity Funds,Hedge Funds
THE MICROWAVE SPECTRUM OF METHYLENE CYCLOBUTANE.
No full text D. R. Lide, Jr., J. Mol. Spectroscopy 8, 142 (1962). S. S. Butcher and C. C. Costain, J. Mol. Spectroscopy 15, 40 (1965).Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Stanford UniversityRotational transitions of methylene cyclobutane in the first seven levels of the low-frequency ring-puckering vibration have been observed. The transitions for the and states are strongly perturbed by a coupling between rotation and vibration and could not be fit with a rigid rotor model. A similar, but much smaller, perturbations can be seen for the and states. The perturbation is adequately explained by assuming that the first two vibrational levels are nearly degenerate. The Hamiltonian describing this perturbation was first discussed by for cyanamide and later used by Butcher and to explain the spectrum of cyclopentene. Calculations show that the inversion splitting in methylene cyclobutane is about 33600 Mc
THE SYNAPTIC CIRCUITS UNDERLYING OLFACTORY PROCESSING AND REPRESENTATIONS IN THE INSECT BRAIN: CHARACTERIZATION AND PLASTICITY OF THE MUSHROOM BODY CALYX
No full textSensory information is processed and encoded by neural networks. In order to understand how the nervous system is able to rapidly integrate and store sensory information, knowledge of the connections and properties of the neurons in these circuits is required. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster provides a particularly powerful species to investigate the neural circuits of the olfactory system because in addition to possessing a simple olfactory system amenable to circuit analysis, a host of genetic reagents are available, including the GAL4-UAS system for targeted gene expression. The mushroom bodies, paired structures historically implicated in olfactory learning and memory, receive olfactory information at the mushroom body calyx from second-order olfactory projection neurons (PNs). Within the calyx, individual PN axonal boutons are surrounded by dendritic arborizations from intrinsic Kenyon cells (KCs) and each tiny cluster constitutes a single microglomerulus. Cells that connect the calyx with other areas of the brain, extrinsic neurons (ENs), also contribute to microglomeruli. Most of these contain the neurotransmitter, GABA, and are presumed to be inhibitory. In this study, the synaptic characteristics, neural circuits, and plasticity of calycal cells have been investigated using a combination of serial section electron and confocal microscopy.
The findings reveal several new features of the circuits in the calyx: 1) The calyx contains three ultrastructurally distinct types of PN boutons that are heterogeneous in shape and exhibit subtle differences in synaptic densities. 2) All PN boutons form both ribbon and non-ribbon synapses, and from their smaller size and fewer postsynaptic partners, non-ribbon synapses may possibly become converted to ribbon synapses after activity; the olfactory signal may then be transmitted more strongly and efficiently at ribbon synapses. 3) PN boutons with an electron-dense cytoplasm have the most ribbon synapses per unit area of membrane as well as the highest ratio of ribbon to non-ribbon synapses, and thus may be more active and efficient than other boutons. 4) KC neurites are not exclusively postsynaptic in the calyx and can form occasional ribbon synapses, the functional interpretation of which awaits identification of their postsynaptic partners and vesicle contents. 5) Each PN bouton may contribute input to a single dendritic KC claw at about three presynaptic sites. For the postsynaptic side, a single claw receives input from individual presynaptic sites that must be highly redundant. 6) There may be important processing of the olfactory signal by local circuits formed by ENs in the calyx; ENs form synaptic connections with PNs, KCs, and other ENs. 7) Extensive serial synapses link EN terminals into a network, presumed to be GABAergic and inhibitory, that extends between microglomeruli and may be autaptic. 8) The structure and synaptic connectivity of microglomeruli may undergo changes after adult emergence. 9) vGAT and GAD1-GAL4 lines drive ectopic expression of marker genes in KCs and are not reliable reporters of GABA-positive cells. 10) Previously identified calycal ENs (MB-C1, MB-C2/C3, MB-CP1) are not immunopositive for GAD1, a marker of GABA-containing cells. 11) A network of ENs expressing a GABA phenotype differently innervates anatomically and functionally discrete areas of the honeybee calyx, and in addition the density of innervation may change with alterations in age and/or experience
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