1,720,966 research outputs found
Studiare e comprendere la sostenibilità dei trasporti
No full textI cambiamenti climatici, la transizione ecologica e le nuove forme di mobilità di persone e merci stanno diventando parte delle agende della Politica e materia di discussione quotidiana. Sono infatti fenomeni i cui effetti sono evidenti nell’immediato, ma di cui non si conoscono le ripercussioni nella società e nell’economia nel futuro. Quali saranno le nuove necessità? Come è possibile quantificare la resilienza delle città e dei territori? I fermenti di tali sfide animano la Politica, mobilitano la società civile, stimolano l’ambiente accademico. Grande è l’interesse a trovare soluzioni non solo efficaci, ma il più possibile integrate, sostenibili e inclusive. In questo contesto di estrema incertezza, drammaticamente evoluto nel corso degli ultimi mesi, la formazione rivestirà un ruolo sempre più centrale. Dopo le positive esperienze degli anni passati, l’Alma Mater Studiorum di Bologna ha attivato anche per l’Anno Accademico 2022-2023 il Master Internazionale di secondo livello in Sustainable and Integrated Mobility in Urban Regions, giunto alla sua quarta edizione, unico in Italia ed Europa per l’alto profilo strategico nel quadro di un forte sviluppo innovativo della mobilità sostenibile
Assessing the evolution of Public Transportation demand over time based on real data through survival analysis in Bologna, Italy
No full textPublic Transportation (PT) is a universal service in most countries, and it is acknowledgedfor its social and environmental role in enhancing accessibility and promoting a sustain-able transport system. However, when disruptions alter the service, the level of service(LoS) can be massively affected. Consequently, the perceived quality can be influenced,and users can be encouraged (or forced) to modify their subsequent modal choice, inaccordance with the users’ socioeconomic profile. A survival analysis, namely a Cox proportional hazards model, was tested in Bologna, Italy, using real data provided by TPERS.p.A, specifically Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counter(APC). This analysis aimed to assess the variations in demand over time taking into ac-count variables related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the demand and severalservice attributes. The results contribute to the literature in several ways. Firstly, theyconfirm the predominant role of PT in the modal alternative spectrum of disadvantagedusers. Secondly, they provide insights into the perception of quality service among different user categories, including commuters and non-frequent users
How do University Student Cyclists Ride? The Case of University of Bologna
Full text linkIn a general urban planning context, in which sustainable active mobility progressively takes up increasing attention, studies of cyclists’ attitudes and behaviors represent a relevant step to help any enhancing measures for urban cycling. Among different categories, university student cyclists represent a still unidentified class, despite the relevant impacts in terms of mass and variability of attitudes in urban areas. The novelty of this paper is to propose an innovative overview on the specific category of university student cyclists. The integrated methodology, based on direct observation through GPS detection, GIS processing, and qualitative survey, permits the evaluation of some interesting issues related to students’ propensity to cycling and their mobility patterns. The approach finds relevance in speed, frequency of movements, routing, and related infrastructure preferences. The methodology has been applied to a sample of more than 300 students of the University of Bologna who were allowed an original university-designed bicycle from February 2021 to June 2021. The analysis was applied in the Bologna urban area and allowed the evaluation of students’ preferences of using existing cycle paths, when available, the limited relevance of speed factors, the main distribution of commuter journeys concentrated in the main avenues directed to city center, and other behaviors
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessing veracity of big data: An in-depth evaluation process from the comparison of Mobile phone traces and groundtruth data in traffic monitoring
Full text linkVeracity is a critical dimension of Big Data, as it is related to the quality of data. Its role is even more important when Big Data are supposed to be a counterpart or a substitute of official data. While the former is usually unstructured and the collecting procedures are unsupervised, the latter is collected in accordance to strict and rigorous methodologies. Mobile phone traces, alternatively called Cellphone Big Data (CBD), can be ascribed among the most popular Big Data typology in transportation analyses, even if they are affected by some biases. This research effort is aimed to contribute to the discussion on Big Data and to shed light on the need of a rigorous assessment of the dataset quality. An in-depth evaluation process was carried out with the comparison of CBD to groundtruth data, namely traffic-related data collected by Anas S.p.A. – Gruppo Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane along a major Italian trunk road. What emerges from this paper is the sensitiveness of CBD to some variables related to both cinematic characteristics of traffic, mobile phone network characteristics and the traffic condition, namely the vehicle occupancy rate
Towards a Fair and Comprehensive Evaluation of Walkable Accessibility and Attractivity in the 15 Min City Scenario Based on Demographic Data
No full textAccessibility and the so-called ‘15 min city’ paradigm are critical dimensions in agendas involving urban policies. However, when interested in accounting for accessibility from a formal perspective, researchers and practitioners should use pertinent indicators. Additionally, most of the indicators focus on the number of facilities reachable within a given time window, while the counterpart of the latter, i.e., as a measure of attractiveness, such as the number of users that can reach that given area, is not evaluated explicitly. In this paper, a comprehensive method able to capture accessibility and attractivity simultaneously will be presented. The formulation is based on a refinement of the gravity model. As the main input, the actual number of residents was used and included in the computation. Therefore, the resulting values of accessibility and attractivity are intended to represent the real status of different degrees of walkable accessibility in urban areas. As a test field, three Italian cities were explored. The method proposed and discussed throughout the paper is aimed at providing an operative tool for planners, as well as for private stakeholders, when they are in charge of evaluating the degree of ‘walkable’ accessibility. Furthermore, the use of open and standardized data is intended to be a main strength of the proposed methodology, as it can be easily replicated in other contexts
Evidences from Cellphone Big Data Applications for Urban Mobility Needs: Case Studies in Italy
No full texthe use of big data has been radically increasing in the last years. In fact,
when users’ privacy is guaranteed, big data can provide an effective, even custom-
ized, answer to the increasing users’ needs. A peculiar typology of big data are
mobile phone records, which are often recorded automatically by telecommunica-
tion operators for billing, management, and network maintenance purposes.
Nowadays, they are considered a pertinent tool for understanding how people use
city’s infrastructures from the point of view of mobility, consumption, and environ-
mental impacts, enabling a better comprehension of urban phenomena if compared
with the possibilities offered by traditional methods such as travel surveys. This
work will focus on some applications, definitions, and metrics of cellphone big data
by showing a few case studies in Italy. The results of this work will demonstrate
some possible solutions in overcoming the traditional drawbacks and limitations of
mobile phone big data. Moreover, thanks to the pervasive and ubiquitous presence
of connected devices in everyday life, they are a priceless source of information for
planning purposes and to enhance smart city and transportation
Application of cell phone data to monitor attendance during motor racing major event. The case of Formula One Gran Prix in Imola
Full text linkThe advent of connected devices, such as smartphones, has had a transformative impact on the landscape of recent years. Once privacy concerns have been addressed, data can be handled and analysed in a proficient manner to gain insights into patterns and movements, thereby influencing urban policies. It is likely that mobility and transport-related topics have been the subject of the most extensive investigation in the field of cell phone big data. While the topic of commuting patterns has been extensively researched by numerous authors, there is a paucity of literature on the monitoring of attendance during major motorsport events. Despite the predictability of crowding (tickets are sold in advance and the schedule is fixed and rigid), multiday motorsport events are disruptive in terms of traffic, overcrowding and uneasiness for hosting cities. This paper aims to address the aforementioned gap by presenting a case study of monitoring attendance during the Formula One Emilia-Romagna and Made in Italy Grand Prix, held in Imola, Italy, from 22nd to 24th April 2022. The results demonstrated the potential of data to inform the prediction of mobility choices and the planning of appropriate mobility-related policies, with the aim of reducing the impact of future events. This represents a significant challenge for public administrations and stakeholders
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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