1,720,964 research outputs found
Einfluss einer präprozeduralen Mundspülung mit Chlorhexidin auf die Kontamination des Mund-Nasen-Schutzes bei zahnmedizinischen Behandlungen
Full text linkHintergrund: Während zahnmedizinischer Behandlungen entsteht Spraynebel, bestehend aus Tröpfchen und Aerosolen, der regelmäßig mit Mikroorganismen kontaminiert ist. In einigen Studien wurde bereits die mikrobielle Kontamination der persönlichen Schutzausrüstung während zahnmedizinischer Behandlungen nachgewiesen. Die Kontamination der persönlichen Schutzausrüstung, insbesondere des Mund-Nasen-Schutzes, gefährdet zahnmedizinisches Personal und Patienten. Ziel der Studie war es, die bakterielle Kontamination des Mund-Nasen- Schutzes bei zahnmedizinischen Behandlungen zu untersuchen, während der Behandler ein Gesichtsvisier trägt und der Patient vor Behandlungsbeginn mit Chlorhexidin spült.
Material und Methoden: In dieser prospektiven, randomisierten Studie wurden Einzelzahn- behandlungen, Füllungstherapie und Präparation für eine indirekte Restauration, und Behandlungen der gesamten Dentition, professionelle Zahnreinigung und unterstützende Parodontitistherapie, eingeschlossen. Drei Probandengruppen wurden gebildet, wobei differenziert wurde, ob der Patient vor Behandlungsbeginn 60 s mit 15 ml Chlorhexidin 0,1 % spülte (präprozedurale Intervention mit Chlorhexidin), 60 s mit Wasser aus der Behandlungseinheit spülte (präprozedurale Intervention mit Wasser) oder nicht spülte (Kontrollgruppe). Angesichts der SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie wurde die persönliche Schutzausrüstung unter anderem durch ein zusätzlich getragenes Gesichtsvisier, das den Mund-Nasen-Schutz bedeckte, ergänzt. Nach der Behandlung wurde der Mund-Nasen-Schutz mit Agarplatten in Kontakt gebracht und letztere für 48 h bei 35 °C +/- 2 °C inkubiert. Die Bakterien wurden nach phänotypischen Charakteristika, orientierenden biochemischen Testverfahren und durch Matrix-Assistierte-Laser-Desorption-Ionisierung-Flugzeit-Massenspektrometrie (MALDI-TOF-MS) klassifiziert. Koloniebildende Einheiten (KBE) wurden gezählt und Mittelwerte für die einzelnen Gruppen wurden verglichen (H-Test, U-Test, p < 0,05).
Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 306 Behandlungen eingeschlossen. Dabei bezogen sich 141 Behandlungen auf einen Zahn und 165 Behandlungen auf die gesamte Dentition. Je Probandengruppe wurden 102 Behandlungen eingeschlossen. Die Behandlungsmodalitäten waren gleichverteilt. Eine präprozedurale Intervention mit Chlorhexidin (Mittelwert: 24 KBE) führte zu einer statistisch signifikanten Reduktion der bakteriellen Kontamination des Mund-Nasen- Schutzes im Vergleich zur präprozeduralen Intervention mit Wasser (Mittelwert: 47 KBE) und im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (Mittelwert: 80 KBE). Darüber hinaus bewirkte die Intervention mit Wasser eine statistisch signifikante Reduktion der bakteriellen Kontamination des MNS im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Es gab keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in Hinblick der bakteriellen Kontamination des MNS zwischen der Behandlung eines Zahnes und der gesamten Dentition. Das Keimspektrum wurde von Streptokokken, Staphylokokken, Mikrokokken und Bazillen dominiert, welche die Mund- und Hautflora repräsentieren.
Schlussfolgerung: Eine präprozedurale Intervention mit Chlorhexidin ist sinnvoll, um die bakterielle Belastung des Mund-Nasen-Schutzes zu reduzieren. Die Kontamination kann jedoch weder durch die Spülung noch durch das Tragen eines Gesichtsvisiers vollständig verhindert werden. Insbesondere während einer Pandemie ist zu beachten, dass diese zusätzlichen Schutzmaßnahmen die Übertragung von potenziell Pathogenen in die Gesichtsregion nicht vollständig verhindern können. Stehen keine antiseptischen Mundspülungen zur Verfügung, stellt Wasser eine sinnvolle Alternative dar.Background: During dental treatments spray mist is generated, consisting of droplets and
aerosols, which is regularly contaminated with microorganisms. Recent studies have already
demonstrated microbial contamination of personal protective equipment during dental treatments.
Contamination of personal protective equipment, especially surgical mask, puts dental
staff and patients at risk. The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial contamination of
the surgical mask during dental treatments while the practitioner wore a face shield and the
patient rinsed with chlorhexidine before starting treatment.
Methods: This prospective, randomized study included single-tooth treatments, filling
therapy and preparation for an indirect restoration, and full dentition treatments, professional
tooth cleaning and supportive periodontal therapy. Three subject groups were formed: participants
rinsed for 60 s with 0.1 % chlorhexidine or with water before treatment, and, for control,
a non-rinsing group was included. In context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a face shield
covering the surgical mask enhanced personal protective equipment. After treatment, the surgical
mask was brought in contact with agar plates and then incubated at 35 °C +/- 2 °C for 48
h. Bacteria were classified by phenotypic characteristics, biochemical assay methods, and by
matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS).
Colony forming units (CFU) were counted and mean values for each group were compared
(H-test, U-test, p < 0.05).
Results: A total of 306 treatments were included. Of these, 141 treatments were related to single-
tooth and 165 to full dentition treatments. For each group of subjects, 102 treatments were
performed. The treatment modalities were equally distributed. Chlorhexidine (mean: 24 CFU)
led to a statistically significant reduction of bacterial contamination of the surgical mask in
comparison to water (mean: 47 CFU) and to the control group (mean: 80 CFU). In addition,
the intervention with water led to a statistically significant reduction compared to the control
group. There were no statistically significant differences for the bacterial contamination of the
surgical mask between the single-tooth and full dentition treatment. The bacterial spectrum
was dominated by Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Bacillus
spp. representing the oral and cutaneous flora.
Conclusion: Preprocedural intervention by rinsing with chlorhexidine is useful to reduce bacterial
contamination of the surgical mask. However, contamination cannot be completely prevented
by either rinsing or wearing a face shield. Especially during a pandemic, it should be
noted that these additional protective measures cannot completely prevent transmission of potential
pathogens to the facial region. If antiseptic mouth rinses are not available, water is a
useful alternative
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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