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PENARIKAN HARTA WAKAF MENURUT PENDAPAT EMPAT MADZHAB DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG WAKAF Naelul azmi, 1752144022
Full text linkABSTRAK
Tesis dengan judul “Penarikan Harta Wakaf Menurut Pendapat Empat Madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 Tentang Wakaf” ini ditulis oleh Naelul Azmi dengan dibimbing oleh Dr. H. M. Saifudin Zuhri M.Ag. dan Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Kata Kunci: Penarikan, Harta Wakaf, Pendapat Empat Madzhab, Undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004.
Penelitian dalam tesis ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Bahwa wakaf di Indonesia merupakan persoalan klasik yang sampai saat ini belum tuntas dan belum selesai seratus persen, walaupun perangkat peraturan perundangannya telah cukup banyak dan menjanjikan. Kasus-kasus menguapnya sejumlah harta wakaf di berbagai daerah di hampir seluruh Indonesia khususnya kasus penarikan kembali harta wakaf, membuktikan bahwa di sana masih banyak masalah yang harus segera dipecahkan.
Focus masalah dalam tesis ini diantaranya adalah, 1. Bagaimana pendapat empat Madzhab tentang hukum penarikan harta wakaf? 2. Bagaimana penjelasan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf dalam hal penarikan harta wakaf? 3. Bagaimana komparasi penarikan harta wakaf menurut empat madzhab dan Undang-undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang wakaf?
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research yang berarti suatu research kepustakaan atau penelitian kepustakaan murni. diantara data primernya adalah : Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm, al-Muatha’, fiqh al-Akbar, dan Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004 tentang wakaf. Sedangkan data skundernya adalah literatur lainnya yang relevan dengan judul tesis ini. Pendekatan penelitiannya adalah metode deskriptif analisis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Dalam penarikan harta wakaf ada sedikit perbedaan diantara pendapat empat Madzhab diantaranya: (a) Pendapat Imam Hanafi tidak diperbolehkan bagi wakif untuk menarik harta wakaf. (b) Pendapat Imam Maliki, kepemilikan menurut adzhab Maliki masih berada di tangan si pemberi. karena mengandung maksud bahwa orang yang diberi wakaf ibarat seorang hamba yang melayani tuannya hingga meniggal. Sehingga harta wakaf yang telah diberikan kepada penerima wakaf bias ditarik kembali oleh wakif. (c) Pendapat madzhab Syafi’I, menurut madzhab Syafi’I bahwa harta yang di wakafkan terlepas dari si wakif dan menjadi milik Allah, Akibatnya adalah bahwa benda yang telah diwakafkan tidak boleh ditarik kembali. (d) Pendapat madzhab Hambali, kepemilikan Harta Wakaf menurut pendapat Imam Ahmad Bin Hambal bahwa kepemilikan harta wakaf berpindah kepada orang yang diwakafi.
Sehingga wakif tidak bias menarik harta yang telah diwakafkannya. (2) Undang – undang no 41 tahun 2004 tidak mengantur secara detail (jelas) tentang penarikan kembali harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan. Undang – Undang no 41 Tahun 2004 disebutkan, harta benda yang sudah diwakafkan dilarang: Dijadikan jaminan, disita, dihibahkan, dijual, diwariskan, ditukar, dan dialihkan dalam bentuk pengalihan.(3) pembahasan terkait penarikan harta wakaf ada perbedaan di masing-masing madzhab, imam hanafi yang membolehkan penarikan harta wakaf, imam malik yang boleh ditarik harta wakafnya ketika sudah habis jangka waktunya, imam syafi’i dan hambali yang sama sekali tidak boleh, karena kehati-hatian imam syafi’i dalam memutuskan ijtihadnya. sedangkan dalam undang-undang Nomor 41 tahun 2004 tidak disebutkan secara jelas terkait pelarangan penarikan harta wakaf. Oleh karena itu menurut penulis hendaknya dibuat Peraturan Pemerintah atau mengamandemen Undang-undang nomor 41 tahun 2004
ABSTRACT
Thesis titled "Withdrawal of Assets Endowments According Opinions of four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf" was written by Naelul Azmi guided by Dr. H. M. Saifuddin Zuhri M.Ag. and Dr. H. Ahmad Muhtadi Anshor, M.Ag.
Keywords: Withdrawal, Treasure Endowments, Opinion of Four Schools, Law No. 41 of 2004.
The research in this thesis is motivated by that endowment in Indonesia is a classic issue that until now and it has one hundred percents not completed yet, although the regulation of its laws has been quite a lot and promised. Cases of evaporation of a Treasure Endowments in various areas in almost all of Indonesia, especially the case of the withdrawal of Treasure Endowments, proving that there are still many problems that must be solved.
Focus problem in this thesis include: 1. What is the opinion about withdrawal of four wakaf property by four schools? 2. What is the explanation of Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf in the withdrawal of wakaf property? 3. How comparative withdrawal Treasure Endowments according to the four schools and Law No. 41 of 2004 on Wakaf?
The method which used in this study is a research library which means a research literature or pure literature research. The primary datas of this research are: Al Musnad al-Imam ibn Hanbal, al-Umm al-Muatha ', Fiqh al-Akbar, and Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf. The sekunder datas are other literature relevant to the title of this thesis. The Research approach that used is descriptive analysis method.
The results showed that (1) In the withdrawal of wakaf property there is little difference among the four schools: (a) Opinion of Imam Hanafi is not permissible for wakif to attract wakaf property. (b) Opinion of Imam Maliki, according school of Maliki the ownership of wakaf property is still in the hands of the giver. because they mean that people who were given endowments like a slave who serves his master to die. So that the wakaf property had been given to the recipient endowments can withdrawn by wakif. (c) Opinion Shafi'i schools, according to the Shafi'i schools that treasure which be endowments is regardless of the wakif and belong to God, The result is that the object has been endowment should not be withdrawn. (d) Opinion schools Hambali, Treasure ownership of endowments in the opinion of Imam Ahmad Bin Hanbal that endowment property ownership is transferred to the person who receive the endowments. Wakif can not withdrawn the property that used be the endowments. (2) The laws No. 41 of 2004 does not manage obviously about withdrawal of property that has been being
the wakaf. The laws No. 41 of 2004 mentioned that property which is already be the wakaf is prohibited: Used as collateral, seized, assigned, sold, inherited, exchanged and transferred in the form of diversion. (3) The discussion about the withdrawal of wakaf property, there were differences in each schools, Imam Hanafi allowed withdrawal of wakaf property, Imam Malik allowed withdrawal wakaf property when it expired, Syafi'i and Hanbali that absolutely should not be, because of Imam Syafi’i’s prudence on establishing his interpretations. whereas in the law No. 41 of 2004 is not explicitly to mention the prohibition of withdrawal of wakaf property. Therefore, according to the author should be made the government regulation or amend Law No. 41 of 2004 on wakaf.
الملخص
الرسالة تحت الموضوع " أخذ مال الوقف عند المذاهب الأربعة وعند
الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف " الباحث : نيل العزم المرشد :
د. الحاج محمد سيف الدين الزهري المرشد : د. الحاج أحمد مهتدي أنصاري.
الكلمات المهمات : الاخذ ، مال الوقف ، رأي المذاهب الأربعة ، دستور
حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤
هذا البحث يأخذ من أن هناك مسألة قديمية في اندونيسيا عن الوقف التي
لم تحل حلها حتى الآن ولو كان هناك دستورا كثيرا يتكلم عنها. مسائل الوقف
التي تتوقع في أي مكان في اندونيسيا و خصوصا المسئلة عن أخذ مال
الوقف.هذه الرسالة تبحث عن : ١. ما آراء المذاهب الأربعة عن حكم أخذ مال
الوقف ؟ ٢. ما بيان دستور حكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف ؟ ٣ .
ما مبادلة حكم مال أخذمال الوقف بين أراء المذاهب الأربعة و دستور حكمي رقم
٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف ؟
المنهج العلمي في هذا البحث المنهج المكتبي يعني المنهج بالكتب
الخالصة. منها كتاب المسند للإمام ابن حنبل والأم و كتاب الموطاء و الفقه الأكبر
و الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف و غيرها من الكتب التي تتكلم
عن الوقف.
يحصل من هذا البحث بعض النتائج : ١ . اختلاف آراء المذاهب الأربعة
عن أخذ مال الوقف أ. عند الحنفية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف.
ب. عند المالكية يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن التمليك في مال
الوقف في يد المعطي و لأن من الذي يعطى مال الوقف كالعبد يخدم سيده حتى
مات. ج. عند الشافعية لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب أخذ مال الوقف لأن المال
الموقوف ليس ملكا للواقف ولكن لله. د. عند الحنابلة لا يجوز للواقف ان يطلب
أخذ مال الوقف لأن التملك في مال الوقف ينقل من الواقف إلي من وقف. ٢. لا
يشرح الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن أخذ مال الوقف.و فيه يبين أن
المال الموقوف ممنوع تصرفاته في الرهن والهبة والبيع والارث والمبادلة
وغيرها. ٣ . المبادلة بين آراء المذاهب الأربعة و الدستور الحكمي أن المذاهب
الأربعة إلا المالكية يمنعون عن أخذ مال الوقف ومع أن الدستور الحكمي لا
يشرح عنه قط.ومن هذه المبادلة ينبغي للحكومة عند الباحث ان يضع دستورا
جديدا أو يغير الدستور الحكمي رقم ٤١ سنة ٢٠٠٤ عن الوقف
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