122,896 research outputs found
Melanargia grumi lorestanensis n. ssp. dans le sud-ouest de l'Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae)
No full textMelanargia grumi lorestanensis n. ssp. in S-W Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae). The new entity was discovered by the first author mid june 2000 in the mountain range of the western part of Lorestan. It is distinguished from the nominotypical ssp., on the upper side by a darker pattern, on the hind wings by a larger white postdiscal band and by its quite immaculate underside. This is the first record of M. grumi for Iran.Carbonell Frédéric, Naderi Ali-Reza. Melanargia grumi lorestanensis n. ssp. dans le sud-ouest de l'Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 112 (4), décembre 2007. p. 454
Melanargia grumi lorestanensis n. ssp. dans le sud-ouest de l'Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae)
No full textMelanargia grumi lorestanensis n. ssp. in S-W Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae). The new entity was discovered by the first author mid june 2000 in the mountain range of the western part of Lorestan. It is distinguished from the nominotypical ssp., on the upper side by a darker pattern, on the hind wings by a larger white postdiscal band and by its quite immaculate underside. This is the first record of M. grumi for Iran.Carbonell Frédéric, Naderi Ali-Reza. Melanargia grumi lorestanensis n. ssp. dans le sud-ouest de l'Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 112 (4), décembre 2007. p. 454
Hyponephele shirazica aryana n. ssp., de l'ouest de l'Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)
No full textCarbonell Frédéric, Naderi Ali-Reza. Hyponephele shirazica aryana n. ssp., de l'ouest de l'Iran (Lep., Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 109 (4), octobre 2004. p. 360
Plebeius afshar tandurehensis n. ssp. dans le nord-est de l'Iran (Lep., Lycaenidae)
No full textPlebeius afshar tandurehensis new ssp. in N-E Iran. The new entity was discovered by Ali Reza Naderi mid June 2000 in the sub-alpine stage of the mountain range in the protected area of Tandureh National Park (N-W Khoràsàn prov., vie. North Quchàn). The male of the new subspecies is distinguish from the nominative subspecies by a darker violet blue on the upperside showing a broader black suffusion margin and, on the underside, by a darker brown yellowish ground colour with better defined submarginal markings.Carbonell Frédéric, Naderi Ali-Reza. Plebeius afshar tandurehensis n. ssp. dans le nord-est de l'Iran (Lep., Lycaenidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 107 (4), octobre 2002. pp. 369-370
Plebeius callaghani n. sp. dans le nord de l'Iran (Lep., Lycaenidae)
No full textPlebeius callaghani n. sp. in N. Iran (Lep., Lycaenidae). The new entity was discovered by the second author in the beginning of June 2001 in the subalpine stage of the mountain range on the north of Karaj (prov. Tehràn), and rediscovered recently by Curtis Callaghan on the north of Qazvin (prov. Zanjan). The male of the new species is well characterized by a small size, a dark violet blue upperside showing a broad black suffusion margin, as Plebeius argus Linné, 1758, and, on the underside of the hindwings, by a greyish ground colour with well defined submarginal markings, somewhat P. ferganus (Staudinger, 1881), but without blue-green metallic spot and with a series of orange lunula almost complete. The female is unknown.Carbonell Frédéric, Naderi Ali-Reza. Plebeius callaghani n. sp. dans le nord de l'Iran (Lep., Lycaenidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 112 (1), mars 2007. p. 126
Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamic Forces on Bridge Decks
No full textHighway bridges along the coast and small river bridges in mountainous regions can be submerged during storm surges or strong rainfall events, respectively. Loss of serviceability during these conditions can dramatically hamper the evacuation plan and the capacity for emergency transportation, thus it is essential to ensure the stability of bridges in extreme hydrological events. Correct estimates of the hydrodynamic forces on a bridge allows bridge designers to evaluate the robustness of the bridge in a more sophisticated approach rather than relying on a constant force magnitude obtained from a small range of physical tests. This study presents numerical simulations performed to quantify the hydrodynamic forces on a bridge deck with a rectangular cross section. The results of the numerical model are validated against the results of physical experiments. More than 700 simulations were performed to thoroughly investigate the effect of certain parameters on the flow field and forces on the deck. The parameters considered include: the water level, the Froude number, the blockage ratio, the proximity of the deck to the channel floor, the inclination of the deck, and the aspect ratio of the deck. The lift force is found to be downward unless the deck is significantly submerged i.e., inundation ratio (h*) is greater than 3.5, and the upstream velocity is relatively small, Frd<0.6. For h*<3.5 the development of flow patterns on the upper side of the deck is constrained by the presence of the free surface which causes an asymmetric pressure distribution in the vertical direction and ultimately results in a downward force. Increase in flow velocity results in a higher downward force and hence increase the bridge stability (provided that the submergence of the bridge is not too high, h*<4). When considering the trend of changes in lift and drag forces simultaneously, it can be said that the combination of small velocities and inundation ratios higher than 2 results in the most critical situation for the vertical stability of the bridge deck. An increase in the blockage ratio results in an increase in the drag coefficient. On the other hand, a decrease in the blockage ratio shifts the drag coefficient towards the value of 1.56, which corresponds to the drag coefficient of a rectangular cylinder in an unbounded flow. Considering the common flow conditions of practical interest for bridge designers, the upper boundary of the drag coefficient for the box deck was found to be 2.8. Incipient failure analysis is performed to establish a hydrodynamic situation that can cause the failure of the deck. Regardless of the proximity ratio and the Froude number, the bridge deck collapsed when the inundation ratio was higher than 1.3. This indicates that the deck is more susceptible to high water levels than to flood velocity or to the distance to the channel floor. Moreover, no bridge failure occurred for inundation ratios lower than 1.3, indicating that the deck must be deeply submerged to fail. By extracting the starting point of failure for a wide range of inundation ratios, proximity ratios, and Froude numbers, contour lines of the threshold of failure are drawn. These contour lines representing the starting point of failure provide the basis for more accurate estimates of the failure of the bridge due to flood loadings and can be considered to be included in the bridge design codes and guidelines. In fact, this proposed method is more reliable than the traditional method which assumes a constant value for drag and lift. The traditional methods are still present in some guidelines such as the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications. Attaching wing-shaped structures on the sides of the deck was proposed as a countermeasure to avoid failure of the bridge decks. Although the projected area of the deck perpendicular to the direction of flow was kept constant, it was expected that CD, CL, and CM would change; since they are dependent on the geometry of the deck, and the flow pattern is altered significantly due to the presence of wings. Results of several simulations for six different shape of wings under different inundation ratio and Froude number indicated that a rational shape of the wings can significantly alter the flow pattern around the deck and postpone occurrence of failure during conditions of really high water levels (h*>2.5) and high flood velocity (Fr>0.65). The proposed countermeasure can be considered as a robust solution for the wide range of probable floods, because of the fact that firstly, occurrence of this extreme hydrological situation is rare, and secondly, the stability of the deck in that situation might not be the first priority, especially compared with the risk of flooding a large part of the upstream land.The Erasmus+: Erasmus Mundus MSc in Coastal and Marine Engineering and Management is an integrated programme including mobility organized by five European partner institutions, coordinated by Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).Coastal and Marine Engineering and Management (CoMEM
Caspian sea-level changes during the last millennium: Historical and geological evidence from the south Caspian Sea
No full textThis article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. Copyright @ Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.Historical literature may constitute a valuable
source of information to reconstruct sea-level changes. Here,
historical documents and geological records have been combined
to reconstruct Caspian sea-level (CSL) changes during
the last millennium. In addition to a comprehensive literature
review, new data from two short sediment cores were
obtained from the south-eastern Caspian coast to identify
coastal change driven by water-level changes and to compare
the results with other geological and historical findings.
The overall results indicate a high-stand during the Little Ice
Age, up to −21m (and extra rises due to manmade river
avulsion), with a −28m low-stand during the Medieval Climate
Anomaly, while presently the CSL stands at −26.5 m.
A comparison of the CSL curve with other lake systems and
proxy records suggests that the main sea-level oscillations
are essentially paced by solar irradiance. Although the major
controller of the long-term CSL changes is driven by climatological
factors, the seismicity of the basin creates local
changes in base level. These local base-level changes should be considered in any CSL reconstruction
Melanargia sadjadii n. sp., du nord de l'Iran (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
No full textMelanargia sadjadii n. sp., from north Iran (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). In North Iran, in the vicinity of Caspian Sea (Northen Nekà, Mazandaràn Province), a new Melanargia was discovered. Its aspect is very similar to M titea wiskotti (Rôber, 1896) from Southern Turkey, characterized by a large size and the reduction of the black maricings, however its well differentiated genitalia are closer to M. evartianae Wagener, 1976. In the other hand this entity is also clearly and constantly distinguishable from evartianae, so consequently we think it is a new species : M. sadjadii n. sp.Au nord de l'Iran, au bord de la mer Caspienne (N. Nekà, prov. de Mazandaràn), un nouveau Melanargia a été découvert. Son habitus est très semblable à celui de M titea wiskotti (Rôber, 1896) de Turquie méridionale, caractérisé par une grande envergure et la réduction des dessins noirs, mais ses genitalia, bien particuliers, le rapprochent plutôt de M. evartianae Wagener, 1976. Comme cette entité se distingue très nettement et de manière constante de M. evartianae, nous estimons qu'il s'agit d'une nouvelle espèce : M. sadjadii n. sp.Carbonell Frédéric, Naderi Ali-Reza. Melanargia sadjadii n. sp., du nord de l'Iran (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 111 (4), décembre 2006. pp. 465-468
Gammarus anodon Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi 1998
No full text<i>Gammarus anodon</i> Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 <p> <i>Gammarus anodon</i> Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998: 184 –189, Figs. 6–9.</p> <p> <b>Locus typicus.</b> Hasheelan wetland, Kermanshah Province, (34º28'N, 47º00'E).</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Paratypes from <i>locus typicus</i>, (ZMA Crust. Amph. 201928).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Endemic species, restricted to the type locality in Kermanshah province, north-west Zagros (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <b>Ecological notes.</b> No information available.</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic remarks.</b> The special structure of urosomites 1 and 2, which are strongly elevated and compressed on mid-dorsal (Stock <i>et al</i>., 1998, Fig. 6b), makes it very easy to distinguish this species among other Iranian Gammarids. In addition, setae on posterior margin of carpus and merus in pereopod 3 (<i>ibid</i>., Figs. 8a,c) are much shorter than in other species.</p>Published as part of <i>Zamanpoore, Mehrdad, Grabowski, Michal, Poeckl, Manfred & Schiemer, Friedrich, 2011, Taxonomic review of freshwater Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Iran, pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3140</i> on page 3, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/205631">10.5281/zenodo.205631</a>
Gammarus lobifer Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi 1998
No full text<i>Gammarus lobifer</i> Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998 <p> <i>Gammarus lobifer</i> Stock, Mirzajani, Vonk, Naderi & Kiabi, 1998: 210 –215, Figs. 24–27.</p> <p> <b>Locus typicus.</b> Yasooj, (30º40'N, 51º30'E), Zagros Region, Kohgiluye Va Buierahmad Province.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Specimens from Sheshpeer spring, (30º15'N, 52º03'E) (ZMA Crust. Amph. 202031).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> This species seems to be endemic to a limited area in lower central Zagros, in three locations including <i>locus typicus</i> and two other in north-west and south-east of it (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <b>Ecological notes.</b> The original description lacks any ecological data. However, the locality lies in a mountainous region with hundreds of cold springs.</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic remarks.</b> Individuals from the Sheshpeer spring possess all the described features of the <i>typus</i> except for the postero-distal corner setae on pereopod 7 basis. Among Iranian gammarids this species is most close to <i>G. baloutchi</i> and <i>G. sepidannus</i>, however <i>G. lobifer</i> bears short setae in peduncle segments 4 and 5 of antenna 2 (Stock <i>et al.</i>, 1998, Fig. 24d), <i>versus</i> long setae in the two other species. Dorsal surface of urosomites in <i>G. lobifer</i> is slightly elevated (<i>ibid.</i>, Fig. 24i) compared to flat urosome surface in both <i>G. baloutchi</i> and <i>G. sepidannus</i>. In addition, antennal gland cone is long in <i>G. lobifer</i>, while it is short in <i>G. b a l o u t c h i</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Zamanpoore, Mehrdad, Grabowski, Michal, Poeckl, Manfred & Schiemer, Friedrich, 2011, Taxonomic review of freshwater Gammarus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Iran, pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3140</i> on page 6, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/205631">10.5281/zenodo.205631</a>
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