212 research outputs found
Family planning success stories in Bangladesh and India
No full textThe Matlab Project in Bangladesh and the Kundam Project in India have demonstrated that a significant rise in contraceptive prevalence can occur in socioeconomic environments that are generally conducive to high fertility and mortality. The author describes the inputs and outputs of these two projects and tries to identify the factors underlying their success. Both projects are experimental in the sense that in each anintervention area is provided with special inputs that are not provided to a contiguous control area. The special inputs were different for the two projects. In the intervention area in Matlab, the project took responsibility for providing family planning and some rudimentary maternal and child health services that were considerably different from those provided in the national program. In Kundam, the project did not take responsibility for providing services in the intervention area, but rather tried to mobilize the community through various clubs and committees to take the most advantage of the government's family planning and other development programs. The success of the Matlab Project can be attributed to various aspects of the organizational system developed for delivering consumer-friendly services. The success of the Kundam Project can be attributed to various aspects of the system developed for community members'active participation in the program. The projects are not fully replicable because of inadequate human and financial resources, but the lessons learned from them should be useful in improving national programs. The Kundam Project is more realistic in the sense that it focuses on activities that supplement local activities of the national program rather than substitute for them (as in the Matlab Project). Thus the Kundam Project is more likely to be replicable than the Matlab Project.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health,Reproductive Health,Early Child and Children's Health,ICT Policy and Strategies
Tavola Rotonda. Partecipano Fulvio Salimbeni, Hassan R. Dalafi, Alessandro Vitale, Moni Ovadia
No full textLa Tavola Rotonda mette a confronto alcuni aspetti dei “clerici vagantes”, interpretati come intellettuali ma anche come espressione di una cultura dell’apertura all’e-sterno e quindi come rifiuto della chiusura al nazionalismo e alla patria. Ciò viene sviluppato da quattro autori secondo modalità specifiche. Fulvio Salimbeni definisce e interpreta i “cle-rici vagantes” come fenomeno dell’Europa medievale di intellettuali (studenti universitari e professori) che passano per le tante istituzioni universitarie, dando luogo a una nuova cultura fondata sugli incontri tra il portatore di differenti carismi ed elaborata dalla scoperta e dalla sintesi tra lingue e culture (latina, greca, araba, ebraica). L’autore d’altro canto sottolinea la ricchezza dagli apporti dal Medioevo che verrà chiuso dalla successiva modernità plasmata dalla chiusura nel nazionalismo e dall’enfasi sulla patria nei secoli dal Seicento in poi. L’autore sottolinea la possibilità della ripresa dallo spirito di apertura nei tempi attuali con la circolazione europea e mondiale di studenti e professori che favoriscono il dialogo (Programmi Socrates ed Erasmus). Hassan Dalafi evidenzia il ruolo degli intellettuali nel mondo arabo-persiano fino al Trecento. Questi diffondono una circolazione di studenti e professori per le Madrase e per le tante corti di regnanti. Con ciò svolgendo due ruoli di formazione delle nuove classi di intellettuali e di formazione delle classi dominanti nelle corti con raffinate “di-sputationes”. Alessandro Vitale sottolinea che la mobilità del pensiero richiede una capacità di essere liberi, e quindi di avere sviluppato il coraggio della liberta. E il “clericus vagans”, per essere tale, ha bisogno di libertà, ma vivere questa richiede quel coraggio che a volte non c’è, ed anzi la libertà fa paura, e ciò capita quando il nazionalismo cristallizza e istituzio-nalizza proprio questa paura della libertà. L’autore sviluppa tale dimensione prendendo in considerazione la situazione dell’uscita dal totalitarismo comunista dei paesi dell’est Europa che a cavallo del Ventesimo secolo e l’inizio del Ventunesimo secolo cercano di fare. L’autore problematizza questo discorso tra paura e coraggio della libertà di uscire dal totalitarismo a seconda che un paese l’abbia vissuto per un lungo periodo o per breve tempo. Moni Ovadia introduce il concetto di esilio per comprendere un’altra dimensione della libertà e del viaggio nella terra del pensiero ma anche nel viaggio nel deserto in cui i confini sono molto mobili. L’autore sviluppa tale discorso ricorrendo alla Bibbia e al dialogo di Abramo e il popolo ebreo con il Santo Benedetto (che è Dio per gli ebrei) che è sempre molto attento a dire che la “terra è mia”, e quindi affermando che la terra promessa non è la terra del nazionalismo (e della stabilità), ma questa terra promessa in realtà è la terra dello straniero, del pensiero, del viaggio, della libertà. Tale lettura del continuo viaggio lo ritroviamo nel Medioevo, sotto le diverse forme ed è comune all’intellettuale ebreo e dei “clerici vagantes”, ma anche in succes-sive epoche l’intellettuale ebreo vive l’esperienza della “glorificazione dell’esilio condiviso con altri popoli come gli armeni, i curdi, i palestinesi, e vi continua queste eredità del viaggio e del movimento”.The Round Table explores a number of features of the clerici vagantes, seen here not only as intellectuals but as an expression of a culture of openness to the outside and thus as a rejection of the closure that is nationalism and the homeland. Four authors develop the idea in their own ways. Fulvio Salimbeni defines and interprets the clerici vagantes as a medieval European phenomenon of intellectuals (university students and professors) whose travels encompassed many universities, giving rise to a new culture based on encounters be-tween the bearers of different vocations and developed by the discovery and synthesis of languages and cultures (Latin, Greek, Arabic and Hebrew). He emphasises the richness of the medieval movement, which was subsequently negated by the advent of modernity and distorted by the closure of nationalism and the exaltation of the homeland from the 17th century onwards. The author points to the possible revival of that spirit of openness in the present day through the movement around Europe and the world of students and teachers who foster dialogue (the Socrates and Erasmus programmes). Hassan Dalafi highlights the role of intellectuals in the Arab-Persian world up to the 14th century, in which students and teachers circulated among the madrassas and royal courts. In this capacity they educated new generations of intellectuals and the ruling classes at court with their refined disputationes. Alessandro Vitale points out that the mobility of thought requires an ability to be free, and thus to have acquired the courage of freedom. And to be what he was, the clericus vagans needed not only freedom but the capacity to live it to the full, which requires a courage some-times absent – freedom can become daunting, which is what happens when nationalism crystallises and institutionalises a fear of freedom. The author develops this argument in the context of eastern European countries as they stug The Round Table explores a number of features of the clerici vagantes, seen here not only as intellectuals but as an expression of a culture of openness to the outside and thus as a rejection of the closure that is nationalism and the homeland. Four authors develop the idea in their own ways. Fulvio Salimbeni defines and interprets the clerici vagantes as a medieval European phenomenon of intellectuals (uni-versity students and professors) whose travels encompassed many universities, giving rise to a new culture based on encounters between the bearers of different vocations and developed by the discovery and synthesis of languages and cultures (Latin, Greek, Arabic and Hebrew). He emphasises the richness of the medieval movement, which was subsequently negated by the advent of modernity and distorted by the closure of nationalism and the exaltation of the homeland from the 17th century onwards. The author points to the possible revival of that spirit of openness in the present day through the movement around Europe and the world of students and teachers who foster dialogue (the Socrates and Erasmus programmes). Hassan Dalafi highlights the role of intellectuals in the Arab-Persian world up to the 14th century, in which students and teachers circulated among the madrassas and royal courts. In this capacity they educated new generations of intellectuals and the ruling classes at court with their refined disputationes. Alessandro Vitale points out that the mobility of thought requires an ability to be free, and thus to have acquired the courage of freedom. And to be what he was, the clericus vagans needed not only freedom but the capacity to live it to the full, which requires a courage sometimes absent – freedom can become daunting, which is what happens when nationalism crystallises and institutionalises a fear of freedom. The author develops this argument in the context of eastern European countries as they struggled to emerge from decades of communist dictatorship at the turn of the century. The author posits the length of time spent under totalitarianism as a discriminating factor between the fear and courage of freedom. Moni Ovadia introduces the concept of exile to encompass another dimension of freedom and travel in the land of thought, also a journey into a desert whose borders are highly mobile. He develops these ideas by resorting to the Bible. In the dialogue of Abraham and the Jewish people with God, the latter is at pains to point out that the “land is mine” – an assertion that the promised land is not the land of nationalism (or stability), but is in fact the land of the foreigner, of thought, of travel, of freedom. Such an interpretation of continuous travel reappears in medieval times in various forms and is common to the Jewish intellectual and the clerici vagantes; but in subsequent periods Jewish intellectuals also experienced the “glorification of exile shared with other peoples, such as Armenians, Kurds and Palestinians, and this heritage of travel and movement continues”
FIGURE 6 in Limbodessus moni sp. nov., a new high altitudinal diving beetle from the Grasberg in West Papua, Indonesia (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini)
No full textFIGURE 6. Habitat of Limbodessus moni sp. nov. around the Grasberg (Carstenz Pyramid area) at 3,970 m. The first author in front of the Grasberg Mine (A) and the habitat where part of the type material was collected (B).Published as part of Surbakti, Suriani, Balke, Michael & Hendrich, Lars, 2023, Limbodessus moni sp. nov., a new high altitudinal diving beetle from the Grasberg in West Papua, Indonesia (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Bidessini), pp. 413-420 in Zootaxa 5319 (3) on page 419, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5319.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/820304
On Removing Randomness from a Parallel Algorithm for Minimum Cuts (Extended Abstract)
No full text) Michael Luby Joseph Naor y Moni Naor z TR-93-007 February 1993 Abstract The weighted minimum cut problem in a graph is a fundamental problem in combinatorial optimization. Recently, Karger suggested a randomized parallel algorithm for this problem. We show that a similar algorithm can be implemented using only O(log 2 n) random bits. We also show that our result holds for computing minimum weight k-cuts, where k is fixed. ICSI, UC Berkeley. E-mail: [email protected]. Research supported in part by NSF Grant CCR9016468 and grant No. 89-00312 from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel y Computer Science Department, Technion University. E-mail: [email protected]. Part of this work was done while the author was visiting the International Computer Science Institute at Berkeley, CA. z Department of Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science. E-mail: [email protected]. This work was done while the author was..
Présence des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G de l'ET-1 et de l'Ang II ainsi que de l'échangeur Sodium-Hydrogène au niveau nucléaire Le noyau serait-il une cellule à l'intérieur de la cellule?
No full textDans notre étude nous avons caractérisé la localisation et la distribution, pour la première fois, de l'ET-1 et de ces deux types de récepteurs ET A et ET B dans les noyaux isolés des cellules hépatiques et du MLV humaines, de lapin et du rat. Nous avons aussi démontré que la densité de l'ET-1 et de ces deux types de récepteurs au niveau nucléaire dépend du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisés. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'ET-1 extranucléaire induit une augmentation soutenue du [Ca]n dans les noyaux isolés des hépatocytes humains, de lapin et du rat avec une cinétique d'augmentation du [Ca]n différente d'une espèce animale à l'autre. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'effet induit par l'ET-1 sur l'augmentation du calcium libre nucléaire est surtout dû au récepteur ET B et que le récepteur ET A joue plutôt un rôle dans le freinage (antagoniste physiologique) de l'augmentation du [Ca] n massive induite par l'ET-l. Dans une deuxième partie de notre étude, nous avons identifié, pour la première fois, la présence de l'Ang II et de ces deux types de récepteurs dans les noyaux isolés des CMLV et des hépatocytes humains, de lapin et du rat. Notre étude a aussi montré que la densité nucléaire de l'Ang Il et de ces deux types de récepteur AT 1 et AT 2 dépend du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisée. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'Ang II extranucléaire induit une augmentation transitoire du [Ca]n dans les noyaux isolés des hépatocytes humains, de lapin et du rat avec une cinétique dépendante de l'espèce animale. Nous avons démontré que l'augmentation du [Ca]n induite par l'Ang II est surtout due à l'activation du récepteur nucléaire AT 1 et que le récepteur AT 2 joue plutôt un rôle dans le soutien de l'effet de l'Ang II. La troisième partie de notre étude porte sur la présence et la fonction du NHE-1 au niveau nucléaire. Nous avons démontré pour la première fois la présence du NHE-1 au niveau des noyaux isolés des hépatocytes et des CMLV humaines, de lapin et du rat notamment au niveau des membranes de l'enveloppe nucléaire. Notre étude suggère que la densité du NHE-1 nucléaire dépend du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisée. Notre étude suggère aussi que le NHE-1 des membranes nucléaires est fonctionnel et que son activation dépend en même temps d'une surcharge sodique cytosolique et d'un pH acide nucléaire. Nous avons aussi caractérisé la direction du NHE-1 nucléaire qui semble être dans le même sens que celui de la membrane de surface. Ce NHE-1 des membranes de l'enveloppe nucléaire contribue à la modulation du niveau du [Na]n. Donc en conclusion cette étude suggère que la présence, la densité et la distribution nucléaires de l'ET-1 et de ses deux types de récepteurs ET A et ET B, de l'Ang II et de ces deux types de récepteurs AT 1 et AT 2 , ainsi que du NHE-1 dépendent du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisée. De plus, l'augmentation soutenue du [Ca]n, induite par l'ET-1 est surtout due à l'activation du récepteur ETB nucléaire et celle transitoire induite par l'Ang II est principalement due à l'activation du récepteur AT 1 nucléaire. Cette étude suggère aussi que le NHE-1 des membranes nucléaires est fonctionnel à ce niveau et module le niveau du [Na]n
Présence des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G de l'ET-1 et de l'Ang II ainsi que de l'échangeur Sodium-Hydrogène au niveau nucléaire Le noyau serait-il une cellule à l'intérieur de la cellule?
No full textDans notre étude nous avons caractérisé la localisation et la distribution, pour la première fois, de l'ET-1 et de ces deux types de récepteurs ET A et ET B dans les noyaux isolés des cellules hépatiques et du MLV humaines, de lapin et du rat. Nous avons aussi démontré que la densité de l'ET-1 et de ces deux types de récepteurs au niveau nucléaire dépend du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisés. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'ET-1 extranucléaire induit une augmentation soutenue du [Ca]n dans les noyaux isolés des hépatocytes humains, de lapin et du rat avec une cinétique d'augmentation du [Ca]n différente d'une espèce animale à l'autre. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'effet induit par l'ET-1 sur l'augmentation du calcium libre nucléaire est surtout dû au récepteur ET B et que le récepteur ET A joue plutôt un rôle dans le freinage (antagoniste physiologique) de l'augmentation du [Ca] n massive induite par l'ET-l. Dans une deuxième partie de notre étude, nous avons identifié, pour la première fois, la présence de l'Ang II et de ces deux types de récepteurs dans les noyaux isolés des CMLV et des hépatocytes humains, de lapin et du rat. Notre étude a aussi montré que la densité nucléaire de l'Ang Il et de ces deux types de récepteur AT 1 et AT 2 dépend du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisée. Nous avons aussi démontré que l'Ang II extranucléaire induit une augmentation transitoire du [Ca]n dans les noyaux isolés des hépatocytes humains, de lapin et du rat avec une cinétique dépendante de l'espèce animale. Nous avons démontré que l'augmentation du [Ca]n induite par l'Ang II est surtout due à l'activation du récepteur nucléaire AT 1 et que le récepteur AT 2 joue plutôt un rôle dans le soutien de l'effet de l'Ang II. La troisième partie de notre étude porte sur la présence et la fonction du NHE-1 au niveau nucléaire. Nous avons démontré pour la première fois la présence du NHE-1 au niveau des noyaux isolés des hépatocytes et des CMLV humaines, de lapin et du rat notamment au niveau des membranes de l'enveloppe nucléaire. Notre étude suggère que la densité du NHE-1 nucléaire dépend du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisée. Notre étude suggère aussi que le NHE-1 des membranes nucléaires est fonctionnel et que son activation dépend en même temps d'une surcharge sodique cytosolique et d'un pH acide nucléaire. Nous avons aussi caractérisé la direction du NHE-1 nucléaire qui semble être dans le même sens que celui de la membrane de surface. Ce NHE-1 des membranes de l'enveloppe nucléaire contribue à la modulation du niveau du [Na]n. Donc en conclusion cette étude suggère que la présence, la densité et la distribution nucléaires de l'ET-1 et de ses deux types de récepteurs ET A et ET B, de l'Ang II et de ces deux types de récepteurs AT 1 et AT 2 , ainsi que du NHE-1 dépendent du type cellulaire et de l'espèce animale utilisée. De plus, l'augmentation soutenue du [Ca]n, induite par l'ET-1 est surtout due à l'activation du récepteur ETB nucléaire et celle transitoire induite par l'Ang II est principalement due à l'activation du récepteur AT 1 nucléaire. Cette étude suggère aussi que le NHE-1 des membranes nucléaires est fonctionnel à ce niveau et module le niveau du [Na]n
La voix de l’enfant dans l’œuvre traduite en français de Moni Nilsson
No full textMoni Nilsson is a Swedish contemporary writer for young people, and four of her books have been translated into French. This author is known for her work with voices, different perspectives and her talent to make contact with her audience. In this article, we will discuss the voice of the child in these four books translated into French as well as the voice of the translator, which is often particularly strong in the field of children’s literatureMoni Nilsson est une auteure suédoise pour la jeunesse, et quatre de ses livres ont été traduits en français. Cette auteure est réputée pour son travail avec les voix, les différentes perspectives de focalisation et pour son talent pour établir un contact avec son lectorat. Dans cet article, nous allons étudier la voix de l’enfant dans ces quatre livres traduits en français ainsi que la voix du traducteur, qui est souvent particulièrement forte dans le domaine de la littérature de jeunesse
Development of the Zimbabwe family planning program
No full textFamily planning was introduced in Zimbabwe as a voluntary movement in the 1950s. Volunteers formed a Family Planning Association in the mid-1960s. The government became interested in family planning in the late 1960s after analysis of the 1961 population census. It gave the Family Planning Association an annual grant, allowed contraceptives to be available through Ministry of Health facilities, and allowed nonmedical personnel to initiate and resupply family planning clients with condoms and pills. But before Zimbabwe achieved independence in 1980, family planning was viewed with great suspicion by the black majority, so the program's effectiveness was limited to the urban few. A new era began after independence. The new government took over theFamily Planning Association and changed its outlook completely. Through government and international donor support, the family planning program was restructured and expanded. The number of family planning personnel more than doubled in some units. More service delivery points were set up - particularly in rural areas. And the information, education, and communication and evaluation and research units were established. Through a World Bank-assisted project (with grant funding from Norway and Denmark), the Ministry of Health began strengthening its family planning capabilities. These efforts helped increase the contraceptive prevalence rate from about 14 percent in 1982 to 43 percent in 1988. But the program's growth is beginning to stall. More effort and resources are needed if the program is to grow or even maintain its present status. Particularly important are the following: designing innovative strategies to reach hard-to-reach populations; giving more emphasis to information, education, and communication, especially for men and youths, using multimedia; involving other sectors in the delivery of family planning services; broadening the mix of contraceptive methods (especially promoting long-term and permanent methods); making use of alternative family planning delivery systems, such as the use of depot holders, volunteers, and government extension workers; establishing a national population policy; and considering cost recovery and other measures for self-sustainment and program growth.Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,ICT Policy and Strategies,Gender and Health,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Adolescent Health
Age-depend effect of insulin in the regulation of intracellular calcium in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
No full textIn this study, we wanted to verify if the effect of insulin on calcium homeostasis depends on the heart's development stage. Using a quantitative 3D confocal microscopy, we tested the effect of a high insulin concentration (100 µU) in freshly cultured ventricular cardiomyocytes from newborn and adult rats. Our results showed that the cytosolic basal level of calcium was higher in newborn cardiomyocytes with no change in the nuclear basal calcium level compared to the adult cardiomyocytes; in addition, insulin-induced a slow increase of cytosolic and nuclear calcium in newborn ventricular cardiomyocytes, followed by two phases. However, the first phase of slow cytosolic and nuclear calcium increase was absent in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the time to the onset of increase of cytosolic and nuclear calcium was longer in newborn cardiomyocytes compared to adults. Moreover, the time to peak of the calcium transient was shorter in newborns than in adult cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that insulin differently regulates calcium homeostasis in newborns than in adult cardiomyocytes. Thus, newborn rat cardiomyocytes, commonly used in research as a model for adult cardiomyocytes, should be used with caution when dealing with insulin in normal and disease conditions.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
- …
