326 research outputs found
Aspidorhinus Eichwald 1841
No full textSubgenus Aspidorhinus Eichwald, 1841 Type species: Eremias velox (Pallas, 1771)Published as part of Masroor, Rafaqat, Khan, Muazzam Ali, Nadeem, Muhammad Sajid, Amir, Shabir Ali, Khisroon, Muhammad & Jablonski, Daniel, 2022, Appearances often deceive in racerunners: integrative approach reveals two new species of Eremias (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Pakistan, pp. 55-87 in Zootaxa 5175 (1) on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/700322
FIGURE 8 in Appearances often deceive in racerunners: integrative approach reveals two new species of Eremias (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Pakistan
No full textFIGURE 8. Two rare species of the subgenus Aspidorhinus (Eremias) from desert and semi-desert areas of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Uzbekistan) for which genetic data are missing so far: the holotype of E. afghanistanica from Afghanistan (ZFMK-H 13320) and the holotype of E. regeli from Uzbekistan (ZISP 6115).Published as part of Masroor, Rafaqat, Khan, Muazzam Ali, Nadeem, Muhammad Sajid, Amir, Shabir Ali, Khisroon, Muhammad & Jablonski, Daniel, 2022, Appearances often deceive in racerunners: integrative approach reveals two new species of Eremias (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Pakistan, pp. 55-87 in Zootaxa 5175 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/700322
FIGURE 7 in Appearances often deceive in racerunners: integrative approach reveals two new species of Eremias (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Pakistan
No full textFIGURE 7. (A) The type locality of Eremias rafiqi sp. nov. near Tanishpa village, Torghar Mountains, Killa Saifullah district, Balochistan; (B) Eremias rafiqi sp. nov. from Kunder, Torghar Mountains, Killa Saifullah district, Balochistan; (C) The paratype of E. rafiqi sp. nov. (PMNH 4056) from under, Torghar Mountains, Killa Saifullah district, Balochistan; (D) The type locality of Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. near Kunder, Torghar Mountains, Killa Saifullah district, Balochistan; (E) The holotype of E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. (PMNH 3613) from Kunder, Torghar Mountains, Killa Saifullah district, Balochistan; (F) Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. from Tanishpa.Published as part of Masroor, Rafaqat, Khan, Muazzam Ali, Nadeem, Muhammad Sajid, Amir, Shabir Ali, Khisroon, Muhammad & Jablonski, Daniel, 2022, Appearances often deceive in racerunners: integrative approach reveals two new species of Eremias (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Pakistan, pp. 55-87 in Zootaxa 5175 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/700322
Eremias killasaifullahi Masroor & Khan & Nadeem & Amir & Khisroon & Jablonski 2022, sp. nov.
No full textEremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. (Table 1, Figs. 3, 5, 6) Suggested vernacular name: Killa Saifullah’s Racerunner Pashto name: Holotype. PMNH 3613 (cyt b: MT 554460; Rag1: MT 554498), an adult male, collected from Kunder, Torghar Mountains, Killa Saifullah district, Balochistan (31.3247º N, 68.5452º E; Fig. 7D), elevation 1,920 m a. s. l., March 23, 2017, leg. Rafaqat Masroor (Fig. 3). Paratypes. Males: PMNH 3614–3616 (cyt b: MT554466, MT554456, n/a; Rag1: MT554478, MT554482, n/a). Females: PMNH 4046 (cyt b: MT 554453; Rag1: MT 554479), PMNH 4050 (cyt b: MT 554473; Rag1: MT 554483), PMNH 4055 (cyt b: MT 554455; Rag1: MT 554481). Juveniles: PMNH 3673 (cyt b: n/a; Rag1: n/a), PMNH 4045 (cyt b: MT 554467; Rag1: MT 554486), PMNH 4052 (cyt b: MT 554459; Rag1: MT 554497). PMNH 3614–16, 3673 collected along with the holotype; PMNH 4045, 4052, September 5, 2018, Zamkai Nala, Tanishpa, Killa Saifullah district, leg. Rafaqat Masroor; PMNH 4046, 4055 August 31, 2018, Ashewat, Qamar Din Karez, Zhob district, leg. Rafaqat Masroor; PMNH 4050, September 1, 2018, Zamkai Nala, Tanishpa, Killa Saifullah district, leg. Rafaqat Masroor (Figs. 5, 6). Morphological diagnosis. A medium-sized lacertid lizard, maximum snout-vent length (SVL) = 70.5 mm, tail 1.67 to 1.97 times longer than body length (SVL), hindlimbs relatively long (HLL / SVL ratio 0.6–0.8); subocular scale reaching to the edge of the mouth, 5–7 (mainly 6, rarely 5) anterior to subocular; dorsals 53–63; ventrals in 14–18 oblique longitudinal series; frontal separated from supraoculars; the height of the first two to three transverse rows of ventral scales in the pectoral region more than its breadth; 17–24 femoral pores on each side, separated medially by 1–5 scales (mainly 2–4, rarely 1), the space between the femoral pores less than one–fourth length of each row; toes without fringe, encircled by three scales in a single series of 21–25 unicarinate and bicarinate scales underneath; tip of the fourth toe reaches to the forelimb and extends to just behind the collar. The adult specimens are creamy beige in life with seven light stripes appearing on the neck which transforms into ocelli and vermiculation behind the neck. No dorsolateral broader dark stripes, an outer-most series of white and black ocelli starts behind the eyes on each side, onto the tympanum and flanks above the forelimb and hindlimb insertion. ......continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued) ......continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued) ......continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued) ......continued on the next page TABLE 2. (Continued) Molecular data. Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. represents a newly detected evolutionary lineage (Fig. 1) of the genus Eremias (Aspidorhinus) that was firstly detected by Khan et al. (2021) as the clade F (with subclades F1, F2) based on four studied genetic markers (16S, COI, cyt b, Rag1). This lineage was detected occurring in NE Balochistan in Pakistan and represents local microendemism (Fig. 2). The lineage deeply diverges and is sister to all other lineages of such called E. persica complex (see Khan et al. 2021 and Fig. 1 in this study) and well differentiated in the Rag1 dataset (Fig. 2). The lineage genetically (uncorrected p distances) differs from 14.5% (E. strauchi) to 21.6% (E. velox) (Table 3) among species of the subgenus Aspidorhinus. Its average intraclade genetic variability (cyt b) is 3% (Fig. 2). Despite a very small known range of distribution, the distances between F1 and F2 subclades sensu Khan et al. (2021) reached 4.6% and the haplotype network based on cyt b dataset showed six different haplotypes. High allele diversity was also detected by analyzing the Rag1 marker (Fig. 2). Etymology. We derived the name of the new species from Killa Saifullah (Pashto:; also Qilla Saifullah), a city and district in northwestern Balochistan province, Pakistan that represents the area, from where this newly discovered endemic species of Eremias (subgenus Aspidorhinus) is currently known. The region plays an important role for producing fruits, nuts and vegetables in Pakistan. The discovery of this species of lizards thus highlights the importance of this region from the biodiversity point of view. Description of the holotype. SVL: 65.3, TL: 109.7, HL: 17.4, HW: 10.2, HH: 8.1, TrL: 28.3, HLL: 44.8, FLL: 26.6, FrL: 4.6, FrW: 2.3.An adult male of E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. preserved in ethanol in a good state of preservation (Fig. 3); head and body moderately depressed; tail long, ca. 1.7 times longer than the body, cylindrical and depressed at the base. Head relativelylong (HL/SVL ratio 0.27) (Fig. 3), 1.7 times longer than wide (HW/HL ratio 0.59), head height less than head width (HH/HW, 0.79). Limbs strong, hindlimbs 1.6 times more than the length of forelimbs (FLL/HLL, 0.59), hindlimbs comprise 1.4 times the body length (HLL/SVL, 0.69). Head broader than the neck; nasals, frontonasal, prefrontals, frontal, frontoparietals, interparietal and parietals are smooth and convex. Nasals are moderately swollen, three nasals, the lower in contact with three supralabials on the right and left side, its contact with the rostral lacking (Fig. 3D). Supranasals in contact with rostral and first supralabial, the suture between them is four times the length of frontonasal, whose breadth is ca. 1.1 times its length; length of prefrontals 1.4 times its width, joined by a median suture; frontal two times as long as broad, its length slightly less than its distance from the tip of the snout, narrow behind; parietals smooth, slightly longer than wide; interparietal smooth, more than half of the length of frontoparietals; no occipital. Two large supraoculars, about equal in size, the space anterior to supraoculars filled by few small and three to five larger granules; both supraoculars in contact with frontal of their sides while separated from supraciliaries by a series of granules (Fig. 3C), behind the two large spraoculars a single, comparatively medium-sized, granule exist; six supraciliaries, first longest, its length shorter than its distance from the first loreal. Rostral pentagonal, broader than high, narrower beneath than above; anterior loreal slightly higher than wide, shorter than the second loreal which is longer than high; supralabials 8; subocular keeled just below the eye, bordering the mouth, wedged between fifth and sixth supralabials (Fig. 3D). Temporals smooth, a large scale above ear; auricular denticulation indistinct or three small scales forming slight denticulation anteriorly. Lower eyelid covered with numerous small semi-transparent scales. Six infralabials, gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Five pairs of chin shields; anterior three completely in contact, the fourth one separated by six smaller gulars, the fifth one is in contact with fifth and sixth infralabials on both sides. Collar curved, free, serrated and composed of 10 plates larger than adjacent gulars, the middle one slightly enlarged than others. Gular fold distinct, 20 gular scales in a straight line between the symphysis of the chin shields and the collar (Fig. 3B). Dorsal scales granular, smooth, 60 across the middle of the body. Ventral plates broader than long (except for outermost series), forming oblique longitudinal series of 16 plates across mid-belly and 25 transverse rows counted from behind collar to vent; first three rows of ventral scales in the pectoral region behind collar longer than broad, the first row is twice as long as broad. Precloacal region with an enlarged median plate just above the vent, surrounded by four large scales. Forelimb ca. 1.5 times longer than the head, upper surface of the arm with rhombic, smooth scales. Scales on the upper surface of hindlimbs similar to dorsals, varying in size; ventral surface of hindlimbs covered by enlarged plates, the lower surface of the tibia with one row of very large and one comparatively smaller plates, the tip of the fourth toe reaches to the forelimb and extends to just behind the collar; 17 femoral pores on the right side, the left side damaged, the two series separated by two scales, length of the interfemoral space not greater than one-fourth length of each row. Toes slender, compressed, with no fringe. Subdigital lamellae unicarinate, in a single row of 21 scales under the 4th toe, a total of three scales around the 4 th toe. Upper caudal scales oblique, truncate, strongly and diagonally keeled, 26 scales in the 9 th –10 th annulus behind the postcloacal granules. Coloration in life. The adult specimens (Fig. 7E) are creamy beige with ocellate body pattern. Seven light stripes appear on the neck which transforms into ocelli and vermiculation behind the neck. Of the seven, the lateralmost light stripe originates from behind the eye and runs on the outer edge of the parietal, transforming into a disconnected series of white ocelli edged with black, running up to anterior one-third of the tail. Next to the lateralmost, the paravertebral light stripe originates from behind the parietal and transforms into closely-connected white ocelli edged with black and runs on the tail short of lateral-most ocelli. Next to paravertebral light stripe, there exists a light nuchal stripe on each side and the light vertebral stripe, the three joins behind the neck and transform into white ocelli edged with black in the pattern of vermiculation. In addition to seven light stripes on the neck, an outermost series of white and black ocelli starts behind the eyes on each side, onto the tympanum and flanks above the forelimb and hindlimb insertion. The upper parts of both hindlimbs and forelimbs are provided with white and black ocelli. Head gray with black mottled markings or spots; supralabials white with black markings. Belly and underside of tail creamy white, tail dorsum grayish. The juveniles and subadults (Fig. 6) are nearly similar in coloration to the adults except for the following details; seven longitudinal light stripes on the neck, the lateral-most originate from behind the eye, running on the outer parietals and continuing onto the dorsum in the form of connected small white ocelli, terminating on the one-third of the tail, the paravertebral light stripe originates from the posterior of parietals, and merge short of the lateral-most stripe on the tail, the nuchal of each side and vertebral light stripe merge after the neck to form light vermiculation up to the base of the tail. An additional outer-most light stripe originates from behind the tympanum and is produced in the form of disconnected white ocelli above the insertion of forelimbs and hindlimbs. The upper parts of hindlimbs and forelimbs are provided with white and black ocelli. Head gray with black mottled markings or spots; supralabials white with black markings. Belly and underside of tail creamy white, tail dorsum creamy grayish. Variations in paratypes. Paratypes of E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. agree with the holotype with some differences given in Table 1 and Figs. 5, 6. Besides sex, the specimens differ in the arrangement of supralabials i.e. subocular wedged between 6 th and 7 th supralabials in all the type series except PMNH 4055 where it is wedged between 5 th and 6 th supralabials. The arrangement of postmentals has a similar pattern in the paratypes except PMNH 3673, where the fifth chins shield is not in contact with the infralabials. In all the type series including the holotype, the fifth chin shield is in contact with the infralabials. The scale count of dorsals, ventrals, gulars, collars, caudals at 9 th –10 th whorl and lamellae under 4 th toe, however, show a unique value for every specimen within a certain range. The infranasal is not in contact with the rostral in all type specimens including the holotype (Figs. 3, 5, 6). Sexual and age dimorphism. Apparently, males attain larger sizes than females in E. killasaifullahi sp. nov.: male SVL to 70.5 mm, female SVL 58.1 mm. Moreover, males have generally longer hindlimbs and shorter trunks as compared to females. For a larger female having SVL of 58.5 mm (PMNH 4050), the hindlimb is 37.9 mm against a same-sized male (PMNH 3616, SVL 59.4 mm) which has a hindlimb length of 43.1 mm. Similarly, the trunk length of a smaller female PMNH 4050 (SVL 58.5 mm) is 29.0 mm against a larger male (PMNH 3614, SVL 67.9 mm) which has a trunk length of 28.1 mm. The dorsal body color and pattern are, however, similar in juveniles and adults of both genders (Figs. 3, 5–7). Comparison. The new species Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. is strikingly different from species exhibiting striped and ocellate pattern (E. aria; E. kopetdaghica; E. lalezharica; E. papenfussi; Eremias persica; E. regeli; E. fahimii; E. isfahanica; E. montana; E. nikolskii; E. velox) and ocellate pattern (E. afghanistanica; E. nigrocellata; E. strauchi; E. suphani; Table 1 and S1). Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. afghanistanica by a higher count of dorsals (53–63 vs. 44–46), caudal scales in the 9 th –10 th annulus (24–33 vs. 20–26) and a lower number of ventral scales in a single row from the posterior edge of collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 37–38). From E. persica, E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs by its smaller size (SVL up to 70.5 mm vs. 98.0 mm), size of the second loreal scale to first loreal scale (more than two times vs. two times), supracaudals (strongly keeled vs. weakly keeled), the dorsal color and pattern in adults (ocellate without broader lateralmost stripe vs. striped and ocellate with broader lateralmost stripe) and tail coloration in the juveniles (creamy grayish vs. bluish). Besides distant distribution, Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs from the recently described E. fahimii by its comparatively larger size (SVL up to 70.5 mm vs. 56.0 mm), more SDLT 4 th (21–25 vs. 20–21), lower count of caudal scales in the 9 th –10 th annulus (22–27 vs. 31), the greater number of scales separating the femoral pores (1–5 vs. 1) and the dorsal color and pattern in adults (dorsal stripes broken into ocelli without broader lateralmost stripe vs. dorsal stripes persistent throughout life with broader lateralmost stripe). From E. isfahanica, E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs in the following morphological characters apart from its distant distribution: higher count of supralabials (8–11 vs. 6–8), 5–7 of them (mainly 6, rarely 5) located anterior to subocular (vs. 5), lower count of collars (10–12 vs. 12–15), number of ventral scales in a single row from the posterior edge of collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 30–33) and the dorsal color pattern in adults (dorsal stripes broken into ocelli vs. dorsal stripes persistent throughout life). Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs from E. kopetdaghica in having comparatively higher count of dorsals (53–63 vs. 48–59), collars (10–12 vs. 7) and the dorsal color and pattern in adults. Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. lalezharica in having a lower number of ventral scales in a single row from posterior edge of collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 30–33), gulars (20–33 vs. 33–40), collars (10–12 vs. 13–15), generally higher count of femoral pores (17–24 vs. 15–19), pair of chin shields/ submaxillary shields (5 vs. 4), contact of gulars with second pair of submaxillary shields (none vs. 1-2 rows) and dorsal color and pattern (ocellate vs. ocellated and striped). Apart from its peculiar distribution in the remote valley in Torghar Mountains, E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. can be differentiated from E. montana in the following set of characters: comparatively larger size (SVL up to 70.5 mm vs. 58.5 mm), lower count of dorsals (53–63 vs. 63–68), higher number of ventral scales in a row across mid-belly in the widest part (14–18 vs. 13–14), infralabials (6–10 vs. 4–6), number of supralabials anterior to the subocular (5–6 vs. 4–5), generally higher count of scales separating the femoral pores (1–5 vs. 2), three scales around the penultimate phalanx of 4 th toe (vs. 4) and dorsal color and pattern (ocellated vs. striped and ocellate). Besides having a subocular scale bordering mouth and ocellate dorsal pattern, E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs from E. nigrocellata by its smaller size (SVL up to 70.5 mm vs. 83.0 mm), higher count of dorsals (53–63 vs. 42–56) and the number of femoral pores on each side (17–24 vs. 11–13). E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs from E. nikolskii by having a higher count of ventral scales in a row across mid-belly in the widest part (14–18 vs. 14), lower number of ventral scales in a single row from the posterior edge of collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 28–32) and dorsal color and pattern (ocellate vs. striped and ocellate). Besides the dorsal color and pattern, our new species stands distinguished from E. papenfussi by having a lower number of ventral scales in a single row from the posterior edge of the collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 30–33), 5–6 (mainly 6) number of scales anterior to subocular (vs. 5), generally higher count of scales separating the femoral pores (1–5 vs. 1–2). From E. regeli, E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs in having three scales around the penultimate phalanx of 4 th toe (vs. four scales), higher count of gulars (20–33 vs. 14–24), ventral scales in a row across mid-belly in the widest part (14–18 vs. 13), generally higher count of caudal scales in the 9 th –10 th annulus (22–27 vs. 17–25) and dorsal color and pattern (ocellate vs. striped and ocellate). The new species E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. can be easily differentiated from E. strauchi by its distant distribution, lower number of ventral scales in a single row from the posterior edge of collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 28–33), and 5–6 (mainly 6) number of scales anterior to subocular (vs. 7). From E. suphani, E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs by its distant distribution, lower number of ventral scales in a single row from the posterior edge of collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 29–34) and arrangement of gulars (2 rows of gulars reaching to the second pair of chin shields vs. no such arrangement). The new species E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. can be easily differentiated from E. velox by its distant distribution, contact of infranasal to rostral (separated vs. in contact) and dorsal color and pattern. From E. rafiqi sp. nov., E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. differs in the following morphological characters: color pattern (ocellate vs. striped and ocellate), smaller size (SVL up to 70.5 mm vs. 99.3 mm), contact of infranasal with the rostral (separated vs. in contact), lower number of ventral scales in a single row from the posterior edge of collar to the vent (25–29 vs. 29–33) and generally lower count of gulars (20–33 vs. 29–33). Distribution. Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. is a microendemic species with conspicuous intraspecies genetic diversity within an approximately 65 km 2 area. Currently, it is known only from the type locality and several other localities around Killa Saifullah (Kunder and Zimkai Nala, Tanishpa) and Zhob districts of northwestern Balochistan in Pakistan, approximately 60 km in aerial distance from the border with Afghanistan. Habitat and natural history. Eremias killasaifullahi sp. nov. has a restricted distribution and is found in sympatry with E. rafiqi sp. nov. in the Torghar mountains including Kunder, Ashewat and Tanishpa. We did not find any partition of micro-habitats between E. killasaifullahi sp. nov. and E. rafiqi sp. nov. and both species thrive in the steppes or semi-deserts. The details of the ecology and sympatric flora and fauna is given in Masroor et al. (2020b). All the specimens were collected between 10:00 am to 12:00 pm. All the specimens were collected from the loamy habitat, dominated by the patches of the sand dunes at the foothills of Torghar mountains.Published as part of Masroor, Rafaqat, Khan, Muazzam Ali, Nadeem, Muhammad Sajid, Amir, Shabir Ali, Khisroon, Muhammad & Jablonski, Daniel, 2022, Appearances often deceive in racerunners: integrative approach reveals two new species of Eremias (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Pakistan, pp. 55-87 in Zootaxa 5175 (1) on pages 58-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/700322
Eremias Fitzinger 1834
No full textIdentification key to the Pakistani species of the genus Eremias (modified from Masroor et al. 2020a) 1. Subocular bordering mouth............................................................................. 2 - Subocular not bordering mouth................................................................ E. acutirostris 2. A complete row of lateral scales of the 4 th toe forming a distinct fringe or comb on its entire length..................... 3 - Lateral scales of 4 th toe not forming distinct fringe........................................................... 4 3. Row of femoral pores reaches well short of the knee; the median dark dorsal stripes interrupted and form reticulate pattern.............................................................................................. E. scripta - Row of femoral pores reaches to knee; dorsal stripes without any sign of vermiculation................... E. cholistanica 4. Back with 5–11 dark stripes, broader than interspaces, none of the stripes containing light ocelli or spots; stripes persistent in adults, but sometimes indistinct so that back appears almost uniform sandy; usually only single median collar scale distinctly larger than adjacent gulars.............................................................................. 5 - Dark stripes on the dorsum of juvenile breaking up in adults to form spots or broken lines; usually, several collar scales distinctly larger than adjacent gulars...................................................................... 6 5. 4 th toe with two complete rows of subdigital scales and a complete row of sharply pointed lateral scales, i.e., a total of 4 scales counted around penultimate phalanx.......................................................... Eremias fasciata - 4 th toe with one complete row of subdigital scales and a complete row of lateral scales, i.e., total of three scales counted around penultimate phalanx............................................................................. E. kakari 6. Adults with four more or less regular rows of disconnected dark spots on dorsum between dorsolateral broader dark stripes, the latter with white ocelli at the edges and within each stripe; infranasal in contact with the rostral........... E. rafiqi sp. nov. - Adults with seven light stripes on the neck, transforming into disconnected series of white ocelli edged with black; no dorsolateral dark stripes, an outer-most series of white and black ocelli starts behind the eyes on each side, onto tympanum and flanks above the forelimb and hindlimb insertion; infranasal not in contact with the rostral................... E. killasaifullahi sp. nov.Published as part of Masroor, Rafaqat, Khan, Muazzam Ali, Nadeem, Muhammad Sajid, Amir, Shabir Ali, Khisroon, Muhammad & Jablonski, Daniel, 2022, Appearances often deceive in racerunners: integrative approach reveals two new species of Eremias (Squamata: Lacertidae) from Pakistan, pp. 55-87 in Zootaxa 5175 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/700322
Learning and communicating about the livelihoods of fishers and farmers
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THE STORY BEHIND “GULSHANUL MULUK” BY AMIR SHAHMUROD: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS
No full textThis article describes research conducted on the memoirs of Muhammad Yaqub Bukhari, the author of Gulshanul Mulk, which is considered one of the most important historical sources of that time, regarding Amir Shahmurad, one of the prominent noblemen. Additionally, the article discusses the significance of “Gulshanul Muluk” in studying the history of the Mangite period, providing valuable insights into the rulers of that era from a historical perspectiv
THE STORY BEHIND “GULSHANUL MULUK” BY AMIR SHAHMUROD: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS
No full textThis article describes research conducted on the memoirs of Muhammad Yaqub Bukhari, the author of Gulshanul Mulk, which is considered one of the most important historical sources of that time, regarding Amir Shahmurad, one of the prominent noblemen. Additionally, the article discusses the significance of “Gulshanul Muluk” in studying the history of the Mangite period, providing valuable insights into the rulers of that era from a historical perspectiv
Ghayat al-amani and the life and times of al-Hadi Yahya b. al-Husayn: an introduction, newly edited text and translation with detailed annotation
No full textThe thesis is anchored upon a text extracted from an important 11th / 17th century Yemeni historical work. This text deals primarily with al-Hādī ilā 'I-Haqq, the founder of the Zaydī Imamate in the Yemen that lasted well over a thousand years. AI-Hādīs imamate, of considerable significance in itself, also coincides with one of the most turbulent periods of early Yemeni mediaeval history. The- edited Arabic text, with its accompanying apparatus criticus. Is to be found at the opposite end of this volume. The Introduction considers various aspects of Imam al-Hadī’s life, religious ideas and aspirations and matters directly connected with the edited text and the work of which it forms a part. Among the most important subjects discussed are the MSS used in the production of the edited text, the problem concerning the authorship of Ghāyat al-amānī and the relationship of the latter work to Anbā' al-zaman. A short biography of al-Hādī is provided, together with a treatment of the historical background to ai-Hādīs imamate. The introduction also describes the editorial method followed with regard to the text, and certain key personal names and toponyms are dealt with there. The method employed by the author of the Ghāyat is to record the events of any one year by Itself. I have translated one year at a time and then followed it by the annotations appertaining to it. It is hoped that by means of these annotations. (some of which through necessity are quite detailed ), the text will be better understood. The numerous personages, tribal names and toponyms are considered, as well as problems concerning points of chronology and various matters of historical and religious significance. Specific comment is made upon certain interesting terms or any unusual or striking vocabulary. The thesis concludes with maps, genealogical tables and a comprehensive bibliography
اردو میں منظوم پہیلی کی روایت
No full textThe tradition of the Poetic Puzzle پہیلی began with Amir Khusrau, the oldest Urdu poet. This genre has been popular on the social level for brainstorming, but no literary example found by any poet of southern or northern India until the eighteenth century, when Muhammad Rafi Sauda created some Poetic Puzzles. After that, InshaUllah Khan Insha, Rangeen, Zafar, Momin, Muhammad Hussain Azad, Munir Shikohabadi, TajammulRasool Khan and Sufi Tabassum contributed to this genre. But the cultural revolutions have eliminated many other ideologies, the Poetic Puzzle has also become a story of the history. This article attempts to determine the cultural value of this genre by examining its tradition
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