1,750,409 research outputs found
A local regulatory network around three NAC transcription factors in stress responses and senescence in Arabidopsis leaves
No full textA model is presented describing the gene regulatory network surrounding three similar NAC transcription factors that have roles in Arabidopsis leaf senescence and stress responses. ANAC019, ANAC055 and ANAC072 belong to the same clade of NAC domain genes and have overlapping expression patterns. A combination of promoter DNA/protein interactions identified using yeast 1-hybrid analysis and modelling using gene expression time course data has been applied to predict the regulatory network upstream of these genes. Similarities and divergence in regulation during a variety of stress responses are predicted by different combinations of upstream transcription factors binding and also by the modelling. Mutant analysis with potential upstream genes was used to test and confirm some of the predicted interactions. Gene expression analysis in mutants of ANAC019 and ANAC055 at different times during leaf senescence has revealed a distinctly different role for each of these genes. Yeast 1-hybrid analysis is shown to be a valuable tool that can distinguish clades of binding proteins and be used to test and quantify protein binding to predicted promoter motifs
TEGDMA Cytotoxicity and Direct Detoxification by NAC
No full textObjective: Various protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)-induced cell damage have been demonstrated, but so far there is no evidence on NAC direct monomer detoxification mechanism. Here, we hypothesized that NAC might reduce TEGDMA cytotoxicity due to direct NAC adduct formation.
Method: we measured the cytotoxic effects of TEGDMA in presence and in absence of NAC by MTT test. Then we analyzed the presence of TEGDMA-NAC adduct formation in extracellular and intracellular compartments by capillary electrophoresis-UV detection (CE-UV) and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analytical techniques. Moreover, we quantified the effective intracellular and extracellular TEGDMA concentrations through HPLC in the presence and absence of 10 mmol/L NAC. Data from all experiments were summarized as means ± standard deviation (SD) and differences between means were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.
Result: TEGDMA reduced 3T3 cell vitality in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while NAC significantly decreased monomer cytotoxicity and extracellular monomer concentrations by a direct reaction with TEGDMA. The adducts between the two molecules were detected both in the presence and absence of cell.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that in vitro detoxification capability of NAC against TEGDMA-induced cell damage might occur also through the formation of NAC-TEGDMA adduct
Estabilização da tensão superficial de soluções de poli(oxietileno) (PEO) em presença e na ausência dos surfactantes dodecilsulfato de sódio (SDS) e colato de sódio (NaC)
No full textTCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Curso de Química.Os tempos de estabilização da tensão superficial de soluções contendo o polímero poli(oxietileno) (PEO), em água destilada e em solução tampão, de misturas com os surfactantes dodecilsulfato de sódio (SDS) e colato de sódio (NaC), foram investigados por medidas de tensão superficial. Assim, neste trabalho foram discutidos os resultados de parâmetros de estabilização, tempo e tensão superficial no equilíbrio. Os resultados foram expressos em termos de gráficos de tensão superficial versus tempo e tensão superficial versus concentração de PEO e dos surfactantes SDS e/ou NaC. Concluiu-se que o tempo necessário para estabilizar a interface depende das concentrações do polímero e dos surfactantes
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of wound-inducible NAC genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainong 57)
No full textAbiotic and biotic stresses cause major losses in crop productivity worldwide. Multiple signaling pathways regulate the stress responses in plants. Transcription factors are one of the groups that are involved in the regulation of signal transduction and gene expression. NAC family is composed of plant-specific transcription factors, and contains 75 and 105 members in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively. We are interested in the NAC genes in sweet potatos (Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainong 57) that may participate in response to wounding, and isolated three sweet potato NAC genes from a phage cDNA library. These genes belong to an ATAF subfamily, which contains genes that are responsive to defenses and stresses. The cDNA and protein sequences of the three genes are highly similar to each other. The cDNA sequences of IbNAC1-1 and IbNAC2-18 contain 900 bp open reading frame (ORF), which encode proteins of 300 amino acids, and include the five conserved blocks of homology that characterize the NAC family. IbNAC97 contains 696 bp ORF, which encodes a protein of 232 amino acids, but only contains three conserved blocks of NAC domain. The C-termini of three proteins are not various, but are very similar. The Southern blotting analysis revealed that there were multiple members in sweet potato NAC family. The gene expression pattern showed that the three genes are abundant in root and tuber, and could be induced by wounding and lots of stress treatments. However, the expression level of IbNAC97 was low. After wounding, the three genes were induced at highest level within thirty minutes, and extended to six hours. Drought and high salinity could induce three genes within thirty minutes, and extended to twelve hours. The cold treatment induced latent expression of three genes. IbNAC97 was much more induced by cold treatment than other stress treatments. Three genes were induced instantly by MeJA, and for a moment by ABA. SA induced gene expressions in thirty minutes and to two hours. The IbNAC1-overexpression Arabidopsis plants were more sensitive to ABA and high salinity, flowered earlier than wild-type plants, and had abnormal flower structure. In conclusion, the three NAC genes reported here are all stress-induced ones in NAC gene family and may be involved in stress signal transduction pathways.口試委員會審定書 謝 i文摘要 iibstract iiibbreviations vontents viable contents viiigure contents viippendix contents viintroduction 1egulatory networks of plant defense and stress signals 1unction of stress-inducible genes 1lant transcription factors 2AC gene family 3ethods and materials 5lant growth and treatments 5DNA library construction 6creening of recombinant cDNA library 6DNA sequencing 7xpression analysis 7omputational analysis 8outhern blotting 8ector construction and generation of transgenic Arabidopsis 8esults 10DNA library construction 10solating NAC genes from cDNA library 10olecular characterization 11nalysis by Southern blot hybridization 12xpression of NAC genes in sweet potato 12verexpression of sweet potato NAC gene in Arabidopsis 13iscussion 15eferences 19able contentsables 26able 1 26able 2 27igure contentsigures 28igure 1 28igure 2 29igure 3 30igure 4 32igure 5 34igure 6 35igure 7 37igure 8 38igure 9 39igure 10 40igure 11 41igure 12 42igure 13 44ppendix contentsppendix 45ppendix Table 1 45ppendix Table 2 46rotocols 4
Draft National Food Security Bill: Explanatory Note
No full textThis Explanatory Note highlights the rationale and major considerations that form the basis of the NAC proposals on food security. It supplements (i) the NAC recommendations on food security released on 23 October 2010; and (ii) the NAC Framework Note on the Draft National Food Security Bill released on 21 January 2011.http://nac.nic.in/foodsecurity/explanatory_note.pdffood security, NAC, National Advisory Council, National Food Security Bill, food, agriculture, farmers, rations, food distribution, productivity, India, South Asia
Estudio de la Tecnología NAC para mejorar la seguridad en redes de área local. Caso de estudio: Cooperativa de la Policía Nacional Agencia Matriz
No full textEl siguiente documento está enfocado al estudio de la tecnología NAC para mejorar la seguridad de la redes de área local, mediante el control de acceso aplicando políticas a usuarios y dispositivos. La Cooperativa de la Policía Nacional se caracteriza por estar a la vanguardia del desarrollo tecnológico, con el fin de controlar el acceso a la red y aportar al crecimiento tecnológico de la institución es necesario conocer la tecnología NAC y el proceso adecuado. El siguiente documento está dividido en cinco capítulos, la investigación es de tipo descriptiva aplicada, a continuación se describe los aspectos relevantes de cada capítulo: El Capítulo I, contempla información relacionada a la recolección bibliográfica sobre la institución, Seguridad Informática, norma ISO27001, seguridad en redes, y el Network Access Control (NAC). El Capítulo II, Se detallan los aspectos encontrados del estudio de campo sobre el estado actual de la red, se realiza el análisis técnico respectivo en base a tres pilares Autorización, Auditabilidad, Autenticación. El Capítulo III, Se realiza el análisis y selección de la tecnología NAC adecuada para la infraestructura tecnológica de la CPN, también se menciona los integrantes y configuración de la Tecnología. El Capítulo IV, En base a la tecnología NAC seleccionada, se realiza el despliegue de la tecnología NAC y el proceso de autentificación. El Capítulo V, Se desarrolla la evaluación del prototipo en base a la metodología de investigación utilizada y los tres pilares referentes a seguridad en redes, los indicadores son Autorización, Auditabilidad, Autenticación. Por último se realiza las conclusiones y recomendaciones fruto de la investigación realizada
Estudio de la Tecnología NAC para mejorar la seguridad en redes de área local. Caso de estudio: Cooperativa de la Policía Nacional Agencia Matriz
No full textEl siguiente documento está enfocado al estudio de la tecnología NAC para mejorar la seguridad de la redes de área local, mediante el control de acceso aplicando políticas a usuarios y dispositivos. La Cooperativa de la Policía Nacional se caracteriza por estar a la vanguardia del desarrollo tecnológico, con el fin de controlar el acceso a la red y aportar al crecimiento tecnológico de la institución es necesario conocer la tecnología NAC y el proceso adecuado. El siguiente documento está dividido en cinco capítulos, la investigación es de tipo descriptiva aplicada, a continuación se describe los aspectos relevantes de cada capítulo: El Capítulo I, contempla información relacionada a la recolección bibliográfica sobre la institución, Seguridad Informática, norma ISO27001, seguridad en redes, y el Network Access Control (NAC). El Capítulo II, Se detallan los aspectos encontrados del estudio de campo sobre el estado actual de la red, se realiza el análisis técnico respectivo en base a tres pilares Autorización, Auditabilidad, Autenticación. El Capítulo III, Se realiza el análisis y selección de la tecnología NAC adecuada para la infraestructura tecnológica de la CPN, también se menciona los integrantes y configuración de la Tecnología. El Capítulo IV, En base a la tecnología NAC seleccionada, se realiza el despliegue de la tecnología NAC y el proceso de autentificación. El Capítulo V, Se desarrolla la evaluación del prototipo en base a la metodología de investigación utilizada y los tres pilares referentes a seguridad en redes, los indicadores son Autorización, Auditabilidad, Autenticación. Por último se realiza las conclusiones y recomendaciones fruto de la investigación realizada
NAC-loaded electrospun scaffolding system with dual compartments for the osteogenesis of rBMSCs in vitro
No full textYuanjing Zhu,1,* Fangfang Song,1,* Yanyun Ju,2 Liyuan Huang,1 Lu Zhang,1 Chuliang Tang,1 Hongye Yang,1 Cui Huang1 1Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; 2Center for Smart Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: In this study, we aimed to develop a unique N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) electrospun system with separate compartments for the promotion of osteogenesis.Materials and methods: We first prepared solutions of NAC-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), PLGA, and NAC in N, N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran for the construction of the electrospun system. We then fed solutions to a specific injector for electrospinning. The physical and chemical properties of the scaffold were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The release of NAC and Si from different PLGA scaffolds was estimated. The cell viability, cell growth, and osteogenic potential of rat bone marrow-derived stroma cell (rBMSCs) on different PLGA scaffolds were evaluated through MTT assay, live/dead staining, phalloidin staining, and Alizarin red staining. The expression levels of osteogenic-related markers were analyzed through real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Results: NAC was successfully loaded into MSNs. The addition of MSNs and NAC decreased the diameters of the electrospun fibers, increased the hydrophilicity and mechanical property of the PLGA scaffold. The release kinetic curve indicated that NAC was released from (PLGA + NAC)/(NAC@MSN) in a biphasic pattern, that featured an initial burst release stage and a later sustained release stage. This release pattern of NAC encapsulated on the (PLGA + NAC)/(NAC@MSN) scaffolds enabled to prolong the high concentrations of release of NAC, thus drastically affecting the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs.Conclusion: A PLGA electrospun scaffold was developed, and MSNs were used as separate nanocarriers for recharging NAC concentration, demonstrating the promising use of (PLGA + NAC)/(NAC@MSN) for bone tissue engineering. Keywords: bone tissue engineering, N-acetyl cysteine, osteogenesis, electrospun, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, drug compartmen
An RxLR effector from phytophthora infestans prevents re-localisation of two plant NAC transcription factors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the nucleus
No full textThe plant immune system is activated following the perception of exposed, essential and invariant microbial molecules that are recognised as non-self. A major component of plant immunity is the transcriptional induction of genes involved in a wide array of defence responses. In turn, adapted pathogens deliver effector proteins that act either inside or outside plant cells to manipulate host processes, often through their direct action on plant protein targets. To date, few effectors have been shown to directly manipulate transcriptional regulators of plant defence. Moreover, little is known generally about the modes of action of effectors from filamentous (fungal and oomycete) plant pathogens. We describe an effector, called Pi03192, from the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, which interacts with a pair of host transcription factors at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) inside plant cells. We show that these transcription factors are released from the ER to enter the nucleus, following pathogen perception, and are important in restricting disease. Pi03192 prevents the plant transcription factors from accumulating in the host nucleus, revealing a novel means of enhancing host susceptibility
Chimeric NAC domains.
No full textNAC TFs possess chimeric NAC domains with at least 34 diverse chimeric NAC domains identified in the studied species. (1) two NAC domain (2) three NAC domain (3) four NAC domain (4) 13 PPR repeats followed by a NAC (5) NAC domain followed by eight PPR repeats (6) protein kinase domain followed by NAC (7) PI3_kinase_3 domain followed by NAC (8) NAC domain followed by kinase and EF-hand domain (9) protein kinase domain followed by NAC and CRM domain (10) NAC domain followed by peptidase A1 domain (11) NAC domain followed by WRKY domain (12) cytochrome B561 domain followed by NAC (13) two DFDF domain followed by cytochrome B and NAC (14) DNA_J2 domain followed by NAC (15) DNA_J2 domain followed by NAC and ZF_B domain (16) NAC domain followed by a TIR, two LRR and a CS domain (17) NAC followed by TIR domain (18) F-box domain followed by NAC (19) IQ domain followed by NAC (20) NAC domain followed by ZF_B domain (21) EF-hand domain followed by NAC (22) NAC domain followed by PPC domain (23) ENT domain followed by NAC (24) NAC domain followed by ABC_TM1F domain (25) NAC domain followed by CRM domain (26) NAC domain followed by RWP_RK and PB1 domain (27) NAC domain followed by three ACT domain (28) NAC domain followed by PABC domain (29) NAC domain followed by INTEGRA domain (30) RESPO domain followed by NAC (31) NAC domain followed by JMJN and JMJC domain (32) SAM domain followed by NAC (33) BRX domain followed by NAC and (34) repeat of NAC and ZF_domain. The identification of chimeric NAC domain sequences was determined using the ScanProsite and InterProScan server. The details regarding the presence of chimeric NAC TF in different taxa can be found in S1 Table.</p
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