1,720,993 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Dampak Teknik, Metode, dan Ideologi Penerjemahan pada Kualitas terjemahan Teks Medical-Surgical Nursing dalam Bahasa Indonesia
No full textThe objectives of this study are (1) to formulate translation techniques applied to
translate “Medical-Surgical Nursing” text into bahasa Indonesia, (2) to describe
translation methods chosen, (3) to interpret translation ideologies adopted, and (4) to
assess the impact of the translation techniques, methods and ideologies on the quality of
the translated text into bahasa Indonesia. This descriptive-qualitative research is an embedded-case study and oriented to
translation product involving objective and affective aspects. The sources of data for this
study consist of documents, key informants, and respondents selected with purposive
sampling technique. The documents refer to the first chapter of “Medical-Surgical
Nursing” and its translation in bahasa Indonesia. The key informants constitute one
translation expert and three medical practitioners and the respondents are five medical
students. The research data comprises of (1) words, phrases, clauses, and sentences of
“Medical-Surgical Nursing” and its translation in bahasa Indonesia, (2) the translation
expert’s statements about the accuracy level, (3) the medical practioners’ statements
about the acceptability level, and (4) the medical students’ statements about the
readability level of the translation. The research data were collected with document
analysis, questionnaires, and in-depth interview and analyzed using an interactive data
analysis technique. Findings of this study show the followings. First, eight translation techniques
were used to render “Medical-Surgical Nursing” into bahasa Indonesia. These include
literal, pure borrowing, naturalized borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation,
deletion, and addition technique. On the basis of the frequent use of each of the
translation techniques, literal appears to be in the first rank (489) followed by pure
borrowing (224), naturalized borrowing (222), transposition (68), calque (67),
modulation (25), deletion, (16), and addition (9). Second, theoretically speaking, literal,
pure borrowing, naturalized borrowing, and calque are oriented to source language while
transposition, modulation, deletion and addition are oriented to target language. This
means that the translator tended to choose literal, faithful, and semantic translation
methods. Third, the use of translation techniques and the selection of translation methods
tend to be based on the adoption of the ideology of foreignization. Fourth, in terms of the
quality of the translation, it was found that 338 (64,75%) data are accurate, 136 (26,05%)
less accurate, and 48 (9,20%) inaccurate. Meanwhile, 396 data (75,86%) are acceptable,
91 (17,44%) less acceptable, and 35 (6,70%) unacceptable. It was also found that 493
data (96,29%) have a high readability level and other 19 (3,71%) have an adequate
readability level. Pure borrowing, naturalized borrowing, calque, and also literal
technique contribute significantly to the accuracy of the translation while the application
of transposition, modulation, deletion, and addition appears to have a negative impact on
the accuracy. It was also identified that some data were less acceptable and unacceptable
and this mostly relates to the use of ungrammatical target sentences. In addition, the use
of some foreign technical terms, inappropriate collocations, unfamiliar Indonesian lexical
items, and mistyping make some data less readable for the target readers. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions are proposed. First, a
medical text is a sensitive text containing important information and therefore the
deletion technique should be carefully used. Second, an excessive addition of information
should also be avoided as it tends to violate messages intended by the original author.
Third, subject matter competence is an important element of translation competence but
the fundament of translation competence is language competence. Fourth, the translated
text Keperawatan Medikal Bedah needs to be revised due to grammatical mistakes and
distortions of original message. Fifth, a further study needs to carry out to get more
insights into the phenomena of medical text translation; this may be done through the use
of different approach and the involvement of not only objective and affective aspects but
also genetive aspect. Sixth, the Indonesian government needs to establish an institution
responsible for quality assurance and control of quality of translations within the areas of
science and technology in particularTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) merumuskan teknik penerjemahan yang diterapkan dalam menerjemahkan kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat yang terdapat dalam
teks Medical-Surgical Nursing ke dalam bahasa Indonesia, (2) mendeskripsi metode
penerjemahan yang ditetapkan, (3) mengekspresikan ideologi penerjemahan yang dianut
oleh penerjemah, dan (4) menilai dampak teknik, metode, dan ideologi penerjemahan
tersebut pada kualitas terjemahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif dengan disain studi
kasus terpancang dan berorientasi pada produk, yang mengkaji aspek objektif dan afektif.
Sumber data adalah dokumen, informan kunci, dan responden yang dipilih berdasarkan
kriteria (purposive sampling techniques). Dokumen berupa bab 1 buku teks Medical-
Surgical Nursing dan hasil terjemahannya dalam bahasa Indonesia. Informan kunci
terdiri dari seorang ahli penerjemahan dan tiga orang ahli kedokteran; serta lima orang
mahasiswa kedokteran sebagai responden. Data terdiri dari (1) kata, frasa, klausa, dan
kalimat teks Medical-Surgical Nursing dan terjemahannya, (2) pernyataan informan ahli
penerjemahan tentang tingkat keakuratan pesan, (3) pernyataan dokter tentang tingkat
keberterimaan, dan (4) pernyataan mahasiswa kedokteran tentang keterbacaan
terjemahan. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan teknik analisis dokumen, kuesioner, dan
wawancara mendalam, dan dianalisis dengan metode analisis interaktif. Temuan penelitian sebagai berikut. Pertama, delapan teknik penerjemahan diterapkan dalam menerjemahkan teks Medical-Surgical Nursing yaitu teknik harfiah
(literal), peminjaman murni, peminjaman alamiah, calque, transposisi, modulasi,
penghilangan, dan penambahan. Berdasarkan frekuensi penggunaannya, teknik harfiah
menempati urutan pertama (489), yang diikuti oleh peminjaman murni (224),
peminjaman alamiah (222), transposisi (68), calque (67), modulasi (25), penghilangan
(16), dan teknik penambahan (9). Kedua, secara teori, teknik harfiah, peminjaman murni,
peminjaman alamiah, dan teknik calque berorientasi pada bahasa sumber sedangkan
teknik transposisi, modulasi, penghilangan, dan teknik penambahan berorientasi pada
bahasa sasaran. Dengan demikian, metode penerjemahan yang dipilih penerjemah adalah
metode penerjemahan literal, setia, dan semantik. Ketiga, penggunaan teknik
penerjemahan dan pemilihan metode penerjemahan lebih dilandasi oleh ideologi
foreignisasi dalam menerjemahkan teks sumber data penelitian ini. Keempat, dalam hal
kualitas terjemahan, didapatkan 338 (64,75%) diterjemahkan secara akurat, 136 (26,05%)
kurang akurat, dan 48 (9,20%) tidak akurat. Dari aspek keberterimaannya, 396 (75,86%)
berterima, 91 (17,44%) kurang berterima dan 35 (6,70%) tidak berterima. Sementara itu,
493 (96,29%) data sasaran mempunyai tingkat keterbacaan tinggi dan 19 (3,71%)
mempunyai tingkat keterbacaan sedang. Dalam pada itu, teknik peminjaman murni,
teknik peminjaman alamiah, calque, dan juga harfiah memberikan dampak yang sangat
positif terhadap keakuratan terjemahan, sementara kekurang akuratan dan ketidak
akuratan yang terjadi pada terjemahan lebih disebabkan oleh penerapan teknik
penghilangan, penambahan, modulasi, dan teknik transposisi. Kekurang berterimaan dan
ketidak berterimaan cenderung disebabkan oleh penggunaan kalimat yang tidak
gramatikal, dan masalah yang menghambat pemahaman pembaca sasaran cenderung
disebabkan oleh penggunaan istilah asing yang tampaknya belum akrab bagi pembaca,
kolokasi yang tidak tepat, kata bahasa Indonesia yang belum lazim bagi pembaca dan
kesalahan ketik. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, penulis memberikan beberapa saran. Pertama, teks
kedokteran adalah tipe teks sensitif yang mengandung informasi penting dan oleh sebab
itu, teknik penghilangan harus digunakan dengan hati-hati. Kedua, teknik penambahan
informasi yang berlebihan juga harus dihindarkan karena dapat merusak pesan yang
dimaksudkan penulis asli. Ketiga, kompetensi bidang ilmu sebagai bagian kompetensi
penerjemahan adalah penting tetapi kompetensi kebahasaan merupakan fundasi.
Keempat, buku terjemahan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah perlu ditinjau ulang untuk
memperbaiki kesalahan gramatikal dan penyimpangan pesan. Kelima, perlu dilakukan
penelitian lanjutan untuk lebih dapat mengungkapkan fenomena penerjemahan teks
kedokteran; dengan menggunakan pendekatan berbeda dan tidak hanya melibatkan aspek
objektif dan afektif tetapi juga aspek genetik. Keenam, pemerintah Indonesia perlu
mendirikan lembaga yang bertugas untuk mengendalikan mutu dan kualitas terjemahan
khususnya buku teks ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.352 halamanDisertasi Dokto
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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