1,721,202 research outputs found
La prevenzione delle recidive di nefrolitiasi al di là dei trials randomizzati controllati: un approccio terapeutico centrato sul singolo paziente
No full textNephrolithiasis and gastrointestinal tract diseases: Can diet intervention help?
No full textNephrolithiasis is a disease whose prevalence is continuously rising in Western countries. The most common type is idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (80%), but gastrointestinal disease, especially inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may represent a significant risk factor. Nephrolithiasis is indeed a frequent long-term extraintestinal complication of IBD. Dietary habits have a direct effect on urinary lithogenic risk factors and on the onset of kidney stones. The main dietary features that can help preventing and treating nephrolithiasis are high fluid intake, high consumption of fruit and vegetables, low intake of salt and proteins and a balanced amount of calcium, lipids and carbohydrates. In this review we briefly describe epidemiologic and physiopathologic aspects of intestinal disease-associated nephrolithiasis and the role of diet in contrasting onset and relapses of kidney stones
The intestinal microbiome and its relevance for functionality in older persons
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW:
This article summarizes the advances of research on the role of the intestinal microbiota in influencing sarcopenia, frailty, and cognitive dysfunction in older individuals, and thus its relevance for healthy active ageing.
RECENT FINDINGS:
Age-related alterations of intestinal microbiota composition may negatively influence muscle protein synthesis and function by promoting chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and reducing nutrient bioavailability. However, this 'gut-muscle axis' hypothesis is not supported by human data to date. Some observational studies have instead demonstrated that, in older individuals, frailty and Alzheimer-type dementia are associated with fecal microbiota dysbiosis, that is, reduced biodiversity and overexpression of pathobionts. The main possible mechanisms of the 'gut-brain axis' in cognitive function modulation include effects on neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and amyloid deposition. Conversely, longevity in good health may be associated with the maintenance of a fecal microbiota composition similar to that of healthy young adults. However, the role of gut microbiota as an independent modulator of frailty and cognition still remains uncertain, being influenced by several physiological factors, including diet and exercise.
SUMMARY:
The intestinal microbiome composition represents a possible determinant of functional performance in older people, and a promising target for antiaging therapeutic interventions
Nephrolithiasis and gastrointestinal tract diseases: Can diet intervention help?
No full textNephrolithiasis is a disease whose prevalence is continuously rising in Western countries. The most common type is idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (80%), but gastrointestinal disease, especially inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may represent a significant risk factor. Nephrolithiasis is indeed a frequent long-term extraintestinal complication of IBD. Dietary habits have a direct effect on urinary lithogenic risk factors and on the onset of kidney stones. The main dietary features that can help preventing and treating nephrolithiasis are high fluid intake, high consumption of fruit and vegetables, low intake of salt and proteins and a balanced amount of calcium, lipids and carbohydrates. In this review we briefly describe epidemiologic and physiopathologic aspects of intestinal disease-associated nephrolithiasis and the role of diet in contrasting onset and relapses of kidney stones
La Prevenzione Delle Recidive di Nefrolitiasi al di là Dei Trials Randomizzati Controllati: Un Approccio Terapeutico Centrato Sul Singolo Paziente
No full textQuesto editoriale esamina criticamente le evidenze scientifiche disponibili sui grandi trials randomizzati controllati nella gestione delle recidive di calcolosi renale
Gut microbiome and bone health: update on mechanisms, clinical correlations, and possible treatment strategies
No full textThe intestinal microbiome is increasingly regarded as a relevant modulator of the pathophysiology of several age-related conditions, including frailty, sarcopenia, and cognitive decline. Aging is in fact associated with alteration of the equilibrium between symbiotic bacteria and opportunistic pathogens, leading to dysbiosis. The microbiome is able to regulate intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation, has a central role in intestinal amino acid metabolism, and produces a large number of metabolites and byproducts, with either beneficial or detrimental consequences for the host physiology. Recent evidence, from both preclinical animal models and clinical studies, suggests that these microbiome-centered pathways could contribute to bone homeostasis, regulating the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast function. In this systematic review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms involved in the gut–bone axis, with a particular focus on microbiome function and microbiome-derived mediators including short-chain fatty acids. We also review the current evidence linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with osteopenia and osteoporosis, and the results of the intervention studies on pre-, pro-, or post-biotics targeting bone mineral density loss in both animal models and human beings, indicating knowledge gaps and highlighting possible avenues for future research
Advantages and pitfalls of fructosamine and glycated albumin in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes
No full textThe efficient diagnosis and accurate monitoring of diabetic patients are cornerstones for reducing the risk of diabetic complications. The current diagnostic and prognostic strategies in diabetes are mainly based on two tests, plasma (or capillary) glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Nevertheless, these measures are not foolproof, and their clinical usefulness is biased by a number of clinical and analytical factors. The introduction of other indices of glucose homeostasis in clinical practice such as fructosamine and glycated albumin (GA) may be regarded as an attractive alternative, especially in patients in whom the measurement of HbA1c may be biased or even unreliable. These include patients with rapid changes of glucose homeostasis and larger glycemic excursions, and patients with red blood cell disorders and renal disease. According to available evidence, the overall diagnostic efficiency of GA seems superior to that of fructosamine throughout a broad range of clinical settings. The current method for measuring GA is also better standardized and less vulnerable to preanalytical variables than those used for assessing fructosamine. Additional advantages of GA over HbA1c are represented by lower reagent cost and being able to automate the GA analysis on many conventional laboratory instruments. Although further studies are needed to definitely establish that GA can complement or even replace conventional measures of glycemic control such as HbA1c, GA may help the clinical management of patients with diabetes in whom HbA1c values might be unreliable
Water and other fluids in nephrolithiasis: state of the art and future challenges.
No full textAdequate hydration, as to maintain urinary volume over 2 litres/day, has long been considered as the cornerstone medical prescription for preventing nephrolithiasis. However, scientific evidence about what kind of water stone formers should drink and about the effects of other beverages on urinary stone risk factors is sometimes unclear. Moreover, the recommendation that water therapy prevents kidney stone recurrence relies on only one randomized controlled trial, even if more epidemiologic and basic science studies seem to support this assumption. Therefore, in this review we analyze current evidence that support water therapy in nephrolithiasis and we highlight the possible effects of different types of water and other beverages on lithogenic risk, giving some practical recommendations for what stone formers should be advised to prevent recurrence
- …
