1,721,279 research outputs found
Disentangling small island ecological multilayer networks: relationships with ecological and evolutionary island patterns
No full textMultilayer networks facilitate the integration of multiple interaction types by quantifying the per capita effects of species on each other, thereby advancing our understanding of the intrinsic complexity of natural food webs. Using a multilayer network framework, this study provides the first food web data for a small oceanic island (Montaña Clara, Canary Islands) and compares it with available data from another small island of continental origin in the context of island biogeography theory. During the two most contrasting seasons, we collected data on interactions between plants and their pollinators, herbivores, seed dispersers, and saprotrophic, symbiotic and pathogenic root-associated-fungi. Pollination, herbivory and seed dispersal were sampled via flower visitation census, direct observation, and faecal analysis, respectively, while fungi were identified using DNA metabarcoding. We identified 64 animal species and 367 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) interacting with the 13-plant species sampled. Five plant species (38%) showed the highest values of multilayer versatility (> 0.5), indicating they are the most important for the structure of the ecosystem. A total of 23 modules were detected, more than half of which were restricted to a single type of interaction, and approximately 73% of the species switched modules between pairs of interaction types. Comparing the results with those from the continental island, the oceanic shows a simpler network, higher overall versatility and a less modular structure. These results are consistent with ecological and evolutionary predictions from island biogeography theory. Future studies involving different interaction types and conducted on islands with different traits, such as taxonomical/functional disharmony, density trade-offs, or interaction release, will allow for the assessment of the generality of the observed patterns.Peer reviewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Changes in the structure of seed dispersal networks when including interaction outcomes from both plant and animal perspectives
No full textInteraction frequency is the most common currency in quantitative ecological networks, although interaction quality can also affect benefits provided by mutualisms. Here, we evaluate if interaction quality can modify network topology, species' role and whether such changes affect community vulnerability to species loss. We use a well-examined study system (bird–lizard and fleshy-fruited plants in the ‘thermophilous' woodland of the Canary Islands) to compare network and species-level metrics from a network based on fruit consumption rates (interaction frequency, IF), against networks reflecting functional outcomes: a seed dispersal effectiveness network (SDE) quantifying recruitment, and a fruit resource provisioning network (FRP), accounting for the nutrient supply of fruits. Nestedness decreased in the FRP and the SDE networks, due to the lack of association between fruit consumption rates and 1) nutrient content and; 2) recruitment at the seed deposition sites, respectively. The FRP network showed lower niche overlap due to resource use complementarity among frugivores. Interaction evenness was lower in the SDE network, in response to a higher dominance of lizards in the recruitment of heliophilous species. Such changes, however, did not result in enhanced vulnerability against extinctions. At the plant species level, strength changed in the FRP network in frequently consumed or highly nutritious species. The number of effective partners decreased for species whose seeds were deposited in unsuitable places for recruitment. In frugivores, strength was consistent across networks (SDE vs IF), showing that consumption rates outweighed differences in dispersal quality. In the case of lizards, the increased importance of nutrient-rich species resulted in a higher number of effective partners. Our work shows that although frequency strongly impacts interaction effects, accounting for quality improves our inferences about interaction assembly and species role. Thus, future studies including interaction outcomes from both partners' perspectives will provide valuable insights about the net effects of mutualistic interactions.This study is framed within projects CGL2007-61165/BOS and CGL2017-88122-P from the Spanish Ministry of Science and supported by FEDER funds from the European Union. We are grateful to Guido Jones, currently funded by the Cabildo de Tenerife under the TFinnova Programme supported by MEDI and FDCAN, for revising the English and making useful recommendations to improve it. We are especially grateful to Airam Rodríguez, David Padilla, Beatriz Rumeu, Daniel González, Benito Pérez, Yurena Gavilán, Patricia Marrero, Elsa Bonnaud and Concepción Nieves, who helped at different stages of the study. AGC benefitted from a JAE-PRE fellowship from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and was funded by the island council, Cabildo de Tenerife, under the identification mark “Tenerife 2030” (P. INNOVA 2016-2021).Peer reviewe
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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