243 research outputs found
The Analysis of Behavior Influencing Factors of Latvian Footwear Market.
No full textMarina Novikova. Bakalaura darbs „Pircēju rīcību ietekmējošo faktoru analīze Latvijas apavu tirgū”.
Bakalaura darba mērķisir, pamatojoties uz pircēju rīcības teorētiskajiemaspektiem, uzņēmumu “Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)” un “Eiropas apavi” iekšējāsinformācijas analīzi un autores veikto aptauju, izanalizēt pircēju rīcību ietekmējošos faktorus, kā arī izstrādāt priekšlikumus SIA “Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)” un “Eiropas apavi” mārketinga darbības pilnveidošanai.
Pirmajā nodaļā, autore izskatīja, pircēju rīcību ietekmējošos faktorus, pamatojoties uz literatūras avotiem. Otrajā nodaļā, autore analizēs SIA „Eiropas apavi” un SIA „Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)” darbību Latvijas apavu tirgū un faktoru ietekmi uz pircējiem, kā arī izanalizēs uzņēmuma pielietotās mārketinga aktivitātes. Pēc tam, autore, izmantojot aptaujas palīdzību, noskaidroja ekonomisko, sociālo, kultūras, personisko, psiholoģisko un laika faktoru ietekmi uzSIA „Eiropas apavi” un SIA „Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)” pircējiem.
Bakalaura darbs sastāv no72 lapaspusēm, tajā ir 14 attēli, 6 tabulas un 1 pielikums.
Atslēgvārdi: pircēju rīcība, apavu tirgus, konkurenti,mārketinga aktivitātes, „Eiropas apavi”, „Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)”.Marina Novikova. The Bachelor Paper “The analysis of behavior influencing factors of Latvian footwear market”.
Bachelor Paper is based on the theoretical aspects of consumer behavior, companies “Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)" and " Eiropas apavi" of internal information and the author's analysis of the survey, analyze the factors that influence consumer behavior, and make proposals "Centrofashion Retail shoes (Latvia) Ltd" and "Eiropas apavi Ltd" of marketing activity development.
In the first chapter, the author examined the factors influencing consumer behavior, based on the literature. In the second chapter, the author will analyze the company "Eiropas apavi" and "Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)" entered the Latvian footwear market and factors impact on consumers, as well as analyzing the company applied marketing. Then, the author conducted survey, thathelp identified the economic, social, cultural, personal, psychological, and time factors on the company "Eiropas apavi" and "Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)”customers.
The Bachelor Paper contains: pages 72, pictures 14, tables 6 and 1 appendixe.
Keywords: consumer behavior, footwear market, competitors, marketing activities, "Eiropas apavi", "Centrofashion Retail Shoes (Latvia)"
The Reflection of Islamic Traditions in Turkish Children’s Literature: “Olmazsa Olmaz” by Shebnem G.Karacan
No full textBakalaura darba autore ir Viktorija Novikova, tā tēma ir “Islāma tradīciju atspoguļojums turku bērnu literatūrā: Šebnemas G. Karadžanas “Nedrīkst, nedrīkst!” (Olmazsa olmaz)”. Bakalaura darba galvenais pētījuma avots ir Šebnemas G. Karadžanas grāmata “Nedrīkst, nedrīkst!” (Olmazsa olmaz)”, kas sevī ietver astoņpadsmit dažādus stāstus. Grāmatā tiek stāstīts par turku meitenes ikdienas gaitām un pamācībām, kuras viņa saņem katras dienas beigās. Savus piedzīvojumus meitene apraksta dienasgrāmatā. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt un izanalizēt autores grāmatas atbilstību bērnu literatūras normām, kā arī izprast kādas ar islāma tradīcijām saistītas mācības turku bērni var iegūt izlasot šo grāmatu, kādā veida rīkus Šebnema izmanto šajā grāmatā, lai šīs tradīcijas izskaidrotu bērniem, kādas turku ikdienas paražas un tradīcijas tiek atspoguļotas grāmatā.The bachelor's thesis author is Viktorija Novikova, its theme is “The Reflection of Islamic traditions in Turkish Children’s Literature: “Olmazsa olmaz” by Shebnem G. Karacan”. The bachelor's thesis main research source is “The Reflection of Islamic traditions in Turkish Children’s Literature: “Olmazsa olmaz” by Shebnem G. Karacan”, which includes eighteen different stories. The book tells of a Turkish girl's daily routine and the lessons, which she receives at the end of each day. Describing it in hers diary. The aim of this work is to explore and analyse the author's book and its accordance with children's literature norms, as well as understand what Islamic traditions related lessons Turkish children can receive by reading this book, what kind of tools Shebnem used in this book to explain these traditions to the children, what kind of Turkish daily customs and traditions are reflected in the book
Enhancement of Photoluminescence Properties via Polymer Infiltration in a Colloidal Photonic Glass
No full textPhotonic glasses (PGs) based on the self-assembly of monosized nanoparticles can be an effective tool for realizing disordered structures capable of tailoring light diffusion due to the establishment of Mie resonances. In particular, the wavelength position of these resonances depends mainly on the morphology (dimension) and optical properties (refractive index) of the building blocks. In this study, we report the fabrication and optical characterization of photonic glasses obtained via a self-assembling technique. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the infiltration of these systems with a green-emitting polymer enhances the properties of the polymer, resulting in a large increase in its photoluminescence quantum yield and a 3 ps growing time of the photoluminescence time decay Finally, the development of the aforementioned system can serve as a suitable low-cost platform for the realization of lasers and fluorescence-based bio-sensors
Adaptation of Younger Children to the Conditions of Pre-school Education Organization
No full textDarba autore: Svetlana Novikova Darba zinātniskā vadītāja: Mg.psych., Mg.paed. Ilze Kricka Darba nosaukums: „Jaunākā vecuma bērnu adaptācija pirmsskolas izglītības iestādē” Darba mērķis: teorētiski analizēt un praktiski pārbaudīt psiholoģisko un pedagoģisko nosacījumu efektivitāti jaunākā vecuma bērnu adaptācijas periodā pirmsskolā. Pētījuma hipotēze: bērnu sociālā adaptācija noritēs sekmīgāk, ja komplektējot grupas, tiks regulēts bērnu skaits grupās; tiks veidota sadarbība ar ģimeni; vecāki būs ieinteresēti adaptācijas procesā un atbalstīs savu bērnu. Pētījuma metodes: pedagoģiskās un psiholoģiskās literatūras analīze; pedagogu un vecāku anketēšana; sarunas ar vecākiem; bērnu uzvedības novērošana; bērnu attīstības līmenis runas spējās. Darbs sastāv no divām daļām. Pirmajā daļā ir izzināti aktuālākie teorētiskie jautājumi par bērnu sociālās adaptācijas norisi. Otrajā daļā ir raksturoti bērnu attīstības svarīgākie posmi, ir izzināti dažādi ģimeņu tipi un viņu ietekme uz bērna attīstību, ir aprakstīts praktiskais pētījums. Darba praktiskajā daļā autore ir īstenojusi trīs pētījuma posmus: konstatējošo, formatīvo un kontroles posmu. Pirmajā pētījuma posmā autore ir atklājusi jaunākā vecuma bērnu adaptācijas pirmsskolas izglītības iestādē līmeni. Otrajā posmā ir veikts psihoprofilaktiskais un korekcijas darbs, lai risinātu problēmas, kas konstatētas sākotnējā bērnu pielāgošanās periodā pirmsskolas izglītības iestādē. Kontroles posmā ir salīdzināti rezultāti, kas gūti adaptācijas perioda sākumā un pēc viena mēneša ilga bērnudārza apmeklējuma. Kontroles un konstatējošā posma rezultātu atšķirības ļāva secināt, ka autores izvēlēto pasākumu izmantošana ir bijusi veiksmīga. Darbs sastāv no 55 lappusēm, 5 attēliem, 2 tabulām, 40 bibliogrāfiskā saraksta vienībām, 6 pielikumiem. Atslēgas vārdi: adaptācija, pirmsskola, jaunākā vecuma bērni, apstākļi, ieteikumi. Author of the paper: Svetlana Novikova. Adviser: Mg.psych., Mg .paed. Ilze Kricka Title of the paper: Adaptation of Younger Children to the Conditions of Pre-school Education Organization: The question of the research: social adaptation of children will be more successful if: count of children in groups will be adjusted when forming groups; there will be cooperation with family; parents will be interested in this process and will support their child. Goal of the paper: to theoretically develop and test the effectiveness of psychological and pedagogical conditions of the accompaniment during the adaptation period. Methods of research: analysis of pedagogical and psychological literature mediatizing of teachers and parents conversations with parents observation of children behavior interviews with children In the practical part the author carried out three research stages: observational, formative and control experiments. In the first phase of the experiment, the author revealed the level of adaptation of the youngest children to the conditions of the pre-school educational establishment. In the second phase, psycho-preventive and corrective work was undertaken to address the challenges that children encountered during the initial period of adjustment to pre-school settings. In the control phase, the results were compared at the beginning of the adaptation period and one month after the children attended the kindergarten. The differences between the control and the experimental results gave reason to conclude that the measures chosen by the author were effective. Paper consists of 55 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, 40 bibliographical list units, 6 appendices. Keywords: adaptation, preschool, youngest children, circumstances, recommendations.
Spectroscopic Characterisation of Metallaaromatic Complexes
No full textTransition metal complexes and aromatic organic molecules are two classes of materials
known for their photophysics and photochemistry that are well-suited for
applications as photoactive materials. Metallaaromatic complexes feature a transition
metal fragment in place of a CH unit in an aromatic ring. They display
structural properties and chemical reactivities that are observed in transition metal
complexes and aromatic organic molecules. A unique feature of metallaaromatics is
the involvement of the metal d-electrons in the delocalised π-conjugation of the aromatic
ring. Despite possessing structural and chemical features of organometallics
and organic aromatics, the photophysics and photochemistry of metallaaromatics
have not been as extensively studied. In this work, spectroscopic characterisation
through static (e.g., electronic absorption, photoluminescence emission, and Raman
spectroscopies) and time-resolved (e.g., nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy)
techniques were carried out on some osmium-containing metallaaromatic
analogues of phenol (osmaphenols) and metallaaromatic analogues of azobenzene
(metallaazobenzenes). The osmaphenols and metallaazobenzenes were found to have
smaller HOMO-LUMO energy gaps compared to their organic counterparts and consequently
absorb light in the visible region. The substituents on the metallabenzene
ring were found to have significant effects on the photophysics of the complexes.
For example, subsequent substitution of bromine onto the osmaphenol ring resulted
in redshifts to the absorption maxima and decreased excited-state lifetimes. The
metallaaromatic complexes studied displayed properties similar to those observed in
transition metal complexes and aromatic organic molecules – such as excited-state
lifetimes comparable to those of triplet excited states in osmium complexes; and,
in metallaazobenzenes, photoswitchable changes to the absorption spectra suggestive
of photoisomerisation. The results show the significance of the metallabenzene
ring as a chromophoric unit involved in the absorption of visible light. Structural
modifications of the metallabenzene ring affect the photophysical and photochemical
properties of the molecule. The results obtained can provide some insight into the
relationship between structures and properties of metallaaromatics, which can inform
the design of metallaaromatic complexes for practical applications as photoactive
materials. Spectroscopic characterisation of some metallabenzene complexes was carried out to obtain information about their photophysical and photochemical
properties. Such properties could indicate their potential suitability as photoactive
materials for practical applications, such as light absorbers and emitters, triplet
photosensitisers, or light-activated molecular switches, with properties that could
be modified by changing the substituents on the metallaaromatic ring
Tests as the process of assessing pupils' knowledge in teaching of mathematics in form 5
No full textJeļena Novikova. Maģistra darbs pedagoģijā Tests kā zināšanu kontrolvērtējuma process matemātikas mācībās 5. klasē veltīts problēmām, kas skolas mācību procesā rodas skolotājam, kontroles - vērtēšanas darbības gaitā.
Darbs sastāv no ievada, teorētiskās daļas, praktiskās daļas, secinājumiem, literatūras saraksta un pielikumiem.
Darba apjoms ir 68 lpp., darbā ir 13 tabulas un 13 diagrammas; bibliogrāfijā - 47 izmantoti avoti latviešu un krievu valodās, pielikumi uz 29 lpp.
Pētījuma rezultātā tika noskaidrots, ka par efektīvu kontroles līdzekli mācību prasmju un iemaņu veidošanā matemātikas apguvē veiksmīgi izmantojami ir testu uzdevumi.
Pētījumā izmantoti didaktiskie materiāli, testu uzdevumi, zinātniskā literatūra, pedagogu publikācijas.
Pielietotas metodes: literatūras analīze, anketēšana, pedagoģiskā novērošana, pedagoģiskais eksperiments, skolēnu mācību darbības rezultātu analīze.
Teorētiskajā daļā ir īsi raksturotas literatūrā sastopamo pedagogu un psihologu atziņas par testa uzdevumu izmantošanas iespējām mūsdienu skolā.
Praktiskajā daļā ir ietverti anketu un novērošanas procesa rezultāti.
Pētījumi veikti Jelgavas rajona Teteles pamatskolas 5. b klasē.
Autore piedāvā savu skolēnu zināšanu, prasmju un iemaņu pārbaudes modeli, pasniedzot matemātiku 5.b klasē, tādām tēmām :Naturālie skaitļi; Parastās daļas un darbības ar tām. Ar šī modeļa palīdzību skolotājs var regulāri un sistemātiski kontrolēt savus audzēkņus. Modelis ir aprobēts pedagoģiskajā darbā ar 5. klases skolēniem 2005./2006.mācību gadā un gūti labi rezultāti.
Didaktiskie materiāli ir pielikumā testu uzdevumu veidā. Tie ir izstrādāti 5. klasei par vairākām tēmām.
Pētījuma laikā iegūtie materiāli turpmāk ir izmantojami matemātikas kursa apguvē studentiem, skolotājiem, kā arī citiem ieinteresētiem.Jelena Novikova. Master’s paper in pedagogic Tests as the means of pupils’ knowledge in teaching mathematics in form 5.
It is devoted to problem of checking – evaluating process at school.
The paper consists of an introduction, theoretical part, practical part, conclusion, a list of literature and supplements.
The paper includes 68 pages; there are: 13 tables and 13 drawings, bibliography: 47 sources of Latvian and Russian psychologists and teachers, appendix (29 pages).
The author considers tests to be the most effective means of checking educational habits and skills.
There are didactic materials, tests, scientific literature and some pedagogical publications that are used in the research.
Different methods of investigation are used in the research: theoretical analysis, pedagogical experiment, observation, the analysis of pupils’ knowledge.
Theoretical part contains the inference of famous teachers and psychologists about possibilities of test usage in school nowadays.
Practical part reflects the results of questionnaires and observation process.
The research took place in form 5 b, Tetele basic school, Jelgava District.
The author suggests the model of separate control system for every acquired habit by using the help of test assignments.
By the help of the model a teacher can take a control of pupils’ achievments systematically.
The model is approbated in pedagogical process in form 5, school year 2005/2006 and good results are gotten.
Didactic materials are given in the supplement with the samples of test assignments on various themes in form 5.
Supplementary materials (tests) can be used further in the process of mathematics teaching by students, teachers and other persons interested in mathematics
Promotion of social skills of 5 - 6 year olds in outdoor activities in preschool
No full textDarba autors: Jeļena Novikova Darba nosaukums: 5 – 6 gadu vecu bērnu sociālo prasmju veicināšana āra nodarbībās pirmsskolā. Zinātniskais vadītājs: Ilze Šūmane Darba mērķis: teorētiski izzināt un praktiskā darbībā izpētīt 5 – 6 gadus vecu bērnu sociālo prasmju veicināšanu āra nodarbībās un izstrādāt praktiskās rekomendācijas pedagogiem par sociālo prasmju veicināšanas metodem. Teorētiskajā daļā kvalifikācijas darba ietvaros tika veikta analīze par sociālajām prasmēm un āra nodarbībām pirmsskolas, izglītības kontekstā, pamatojoties uz zinātnisko literatūru. Autors analizēja vairāku pētnieku secinājumus par sociālo prasmju nozīmi un āra nodarbību ietekmi uz bērnu attīstību. Šajā analīzē tika izskatītas bērnu vecuma īpatnības un to nozīme nodarbību organizēšanā. Pamatojoties uz šo teorētisko pamatu, tika secināts, ka āra nodarbības ar piemērotu mācību saturu veicina bērnu sociālo prasmju attīstību. Empīriskajā daļā kvalifikācijas darbā tika īstenotas un analizētas āra nodarbības, izmantojot izvēlētās mācību metodes un paņēmienus. Pētījuma rezultātā tika konstatēts, ka āra nodarbības efektīvi veicina bērnu sociālo prasmju attīstību, īpaši izmantojot vecumposmam atbilstošus mācību paņēmienus un metodes. Pētījuma rezultāti iegūti laika posmā no 2024. gada marta līdz 2024. gada aprīlim. Kvalifikācijas darbs sastāv no divām daļām: teorētiskā un praktiskā pētījuma. Darbs satur 58 lpp., darbā izmantoti 9 attēli, 4 tabulas, 54 izmantotās literatūras avoti un 2 pielikumi. Atslēgas vārdi: sadarbība, sociālās prasmes, pirmsskola, attīstība, āra nodarbība.Author of the work: Jeļena Novikova Title of work: Promotion of social skills of 5 - 6 year olds in outdoor activities in pre-school. Scientific Manager: Ilze Šūmane Objective of work: to theoretically explore and study in practical practice the promotion of social skills of 5 - 6 year olds in outdoor activities and to develop practical recommendations for educators regarding the method of promoting social skills. In the theoretical part, an analysis of social skills and outdoor activities in the context of pre-school education was carried out within the scope of the qualification work on the basis of scientific literature. The author analysed the findings of several researchers on the importance of social skills and the impact of outdoor classes on children's development. This analysis examined the specific characteristics of children's age and their role in organising classes. Based on this theoretical basis, it was concluded that outdoor classes with appropriate learning content contribute to the development of children's social skills. In the empirical part, outdoor exercises were implemented and analysed in the qualification work using selected learning methods and techniques. The study found that outdoor classes effectively contribute to the development of children's social skills, especially through age-appropriate learning techniques and techniques. The results of the study were obtained between March 2024 and April 2024. The qualification work consists of two parts: a theoretical and practical study. The work contains 58 pages, 9 images, 4 tables, 54 sources of literature used, and 2 attachments. Keywords: collaboration, social skills, pre-school, development, outdoor class
Le couronnement d’Ivan IV
No full textRésuméL’article traite le couronnement comme une sorte d’exposé, dans lequel l’élite politique exprime, au moyen du symbole et de l’émotion, un ensemble d’idées complexes touchant aux rapports de la monarchie et du clergé, aux obligations du souverain et aux limites de son pouvoir. L’auteur analyse la signification juridique et politique des insignes, des gestes rituels, des prières, de l’homélie du métropolite. De l’avis d’Olga Novikova, le couronnement jouait le rôle d’une constitution, recréant une image idéalisée de la société, image qui pouvait influencer en retour les pratiques politiques réelles. Au cours de la cérémonie, on énonçait clairement les obligations du tsar, on décrivait ce que pourrait être un monarque idéal, on précisait dans quelles conditions l’empereur cessait d’être un souverain authentique. Le tsar, conclut l’auteur, contractait au cours du rituel toute une série d’obligations en présence de nombreux témoins, mais il n’avait à rendre compte de sa manière de s’en acquitter qu’à un seul d’entre eux : à Dieu qui, croyaient les organisateurs, assistait invisible à la cérémonie.AbstractThe coronation of Ivan IV: Conception of the empire in the eastern part of Europe.In this article, the coronation ceremony is seen as a sort of presentation through symbols and emotions of the political elite’s conception of the relationship between the monarchy and the clergy, the monarch’s obligations, and the limits of his power. The author analyzes the juridical and political meaning of insignia, ritual gestures, prayers, and the metropolitan’s homily. She argues that the coronation played the same role as the constitution by creating an idealized image of society that could exert an influence on actual political practices. During the ceremony, the tsar’s obligations were clearly set forth, a description of the ideal monarch was formulated, and the conditions in which he ceased to be an authentic sovereign were clearly defined. The author concludes that during the ceremony, the tsar contracted a series of obligations in the presence of numerous eyewitnesses but had to account for the way in which he fulfilled them only to God, who, so the organizers thought, was also attending, invisible, the ceremony
The results of diagnosis and treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis in children at the background of chronic tonsillar infection
No full textKoval Yu. N., Novikova Zh. A. The results of diagnosis and treatment of chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis in children at the background of chronic tonsillar infection. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):378-391. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852568
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4745
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017).
1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Authors 2017;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 01.08.2017. Revised: 02.08.2017. Accepted: 22.08.2017.
THE RESULTS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC GENERALIZED CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN
AT THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC TONSILLAR INFECTION
Yu. N. Koval, Zh. A. Novikova
Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine
e-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
Biocenosis of sulcus in chronic generalized catarrhal gingivitis children (CGCG) without background pathology and with chronic tonsillitis (CH) has been investigated. Its development and clinical course depending on dominant microbial agent (streptococci or staphylococci) are specified. This expands our knowledge about etiology and pathogenesis of CGCG. The results of local immunity and nonspecific resistance study in CGCG children with/ without contaminant pathology are given. A new method of the patients under study treatment has been worked out and clinically tested. It has been established that the use of the complex offered allowes to reduce a number of complications, relapses, and increases the general efficacy of treatment.
Key words: chronic catarrhal gingivitis, chronic tonsillitis, children, changed biocenosis, immunological aalteration, complex treatment, «Sinupret», «Imupret», «Listerine»
Le couronnement d’Ivan IV
No full textRésuméL’article traite le couronnement comme une sorte d’exposé, dans lequel l’élite politique exprime, au moyen du symbole et de l’émotion, un ensemble d’idées complexes touchant aux rapports de la monarchie et du clergé, aux obligations du souverain et aux limites de son pouvoir. L’auteur analyse la signification juridique et politique des insignes, des gestes rituels, des prières, de l’homélie du métropolite. De l’avis d’Olga Novikova, le couronnement jouait le rôle d’une constitution, recréant une image idéalisée de la société, image qui pouvait influencer en retour les pratiques politiques réelles. Au cours de la cérémonie, on énonçait clairement les obligations du tsar, on décrivait ce que pourrait être un monarque idéal, on précisait dans quelles conditions l’empereur cessait d’être un souverain authentique. Le tsar, conclut l’auteur, contractait au cours du rituel toute une série d’obligations en présence de nombreux témoins, mais il n’avait à rendre compte de sa manière de s’en acquitter qu’à un seul d’entre eux : à Dieu qui, croyaient les organisateurs, assistait invisible à la cérémonie.AbstractThe coronation of Ivan IV: Conception of the empire in the eastern part of Europe.In this article, the coronation ceremony is seen as a sort of presentation through symbols and emotions of the political elite’s conception of the relationship between the monarchy and the clergy, the monarch’s obligations, and the limits of his power. The author analyzes the juridical and political meaning of insignia, ritual gestures, prayers, and the metropolitan’s homily. She argues that the coronation played the same role as the constitution by creating an idealized image of society that could exert an influence on actual political practices. During the ceremony, the tsar’s obligations were clearly set forth, a description of the ideal monarch was formulated, and the conditions in which he ceased to be an authentic sovereign were clearly defined. The author concludes that during the ceremony, the tsar contracted a series of obligations in the presence of numerous eyewitnesses but had to account for the way in which he fulfilled them only to God, who, so the organizers thought, was also attending, invisible, the ceremony
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