1,720,955 research outputs found
Monitoring air pollution effects on sleep-disordered breathing in children for supporting Public Health Policy
Full text linkThe so called “Sleep Disordered Breathing” (SDB) are breathing disorders which appear while the baby is sleeping. They rappresent a variety of pathologics mainly characterized by an airways change with snooring and/or a breathing effort caused by an increased resistance of the high airways and pharingeal collapse. Ethipatogenetic has been mainly understood and there are some risk factors like adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obesity and cranium-facial anomalies. There are also some other factors which can determine pathology like e.g. enviromental and genetic factors.
In literature there are some studies that show how environmental pollution (outdoor and indoor) represents the main cause of SDB in a child.
The aim of this ecological study is to analize the geografical distribution of SDB in the italian province of Varese, by using the data collected in the Pediatrics.
In order to put in evidence the possible associations between SDB and the enriromental pollution, we have compared these results with NO2 distribution spatial scheme.
NO2 can be considered the most important marker of enviromental pollution because it is the main component of gas emission and it’s correlated with other combustion products.
Data were collected from 2010–2014 and focused on children who resided in Varese, were over 1 year of age, with SDB.
The total number of children analyzed was 754: 476 males (63,13%) and 278 females (36,87%). Snooring occurs in 284 cases ((37,67%), mild OSAS in 259 (34,35%), moderate OSAS in 150 (19,89%) and severe OSAS in 61 (8,09%).
For each patient, we gathered information about the child’s municipality of residence, sex, and the value of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). AHI is based on polysomnographic recordings conducted overnight by means of Embla’s Embletta Gold sleep system, a recording system that can discriminate the SDB severity level. All of the children were diagnosed with respect to SDB based on their AHI index.
AHI mean is 3,48, value that doesn’t differ from the AHI in F and M (3,58 vs 3,42)
With the available data was made a map representing the geography of the SDB.
The results reported have to be considered preliminary and exploratory note abouve.
The positive association we observed between SDB in children and the fact that they were living in an area characterized by a high density of traffic-related pollutants should be more carefully examined, as airway inflammation is a potential mechanism connected with the effect of air pollution and SDB exacerbations—such effect can be due to the oxidative stress related to the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels that produces high levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
Further research is necessary to clarify the role of air pollutants on SDB and on respiratory diseases in children. This additional work would allow the wider acquisition of knowledge about potentially modifiable contributors to the risk of developing SDB during childhood, which could then be the basis for improving children’s pulmonary health
Esposizione al fumo passivo come fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo della sindrome delle apnee ostruttive nel sonno
No full textIn letteratura è ancora controverso il rapporto tra fumo passivo in età pediatrica e insorgenza di Sindrome delle apnee ostruttive nel sonno (OSAS). Abbiamo valutato la prevalenza di esposizione a fumo passivo in 516 bambini affetti da OSAS e 1030 bambini della popolazione generale residenti in Provincia di Varese. Abbiamo studiato inoltre chi sono i fumatori in famiglia, in quali luoghi si fuma e la frequenza del fumo in gravidanza. La percentuale dei bambini esposti a fumo passivo è risultata maggiore fra gli affetti da OSAS rispetto alla popolazione generale. (p< 0.001). Tra i soggetti con OSAS gli esposti al fumo passivo presentavano OSAS più gravi rispetto ai non esposti (p=0.06). L'esposizione a fumo passivo aumenta significativamente nei soggetti con OSAS rispetto alla popolazione generale, e correla con la gravità dell'OSAS. Sarebbe utile attuare campagne informative sui danni determinati dal fumo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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