1,720,985 research outputs found
Invited Talk: Pros and Cons of Assertion Mining
No full textAssertion mining flips the way verification works by extracting formal properties from the actual implementation of the target design and searching for inconsistencies with respect to the initial specification. While this removes the burden of time-consuming and error-prone manual definition, are the mined properties actually useful? After reviewing the state of the art concerning existing approaches and tools, this talk questions the pros and cons of assertion mining and describes how mined assertions can be exploited as an effective coverage metrics for functional verification
A Systematic Literature Review on Mining LTL Specifications
Full text linkLinear Temporal Logic (LTL) specifications play a crucial role in the verification process of cyber-physical systems, increasing the guarantees of their correctness. These specifications are vital for ensuring that both hardware and software components behave as expected, especially in complex real-world scenarios. In the last decades, researchers have developed several methodologies and tools to automatically generate LTL specifications, creating an urgent need to organize and synthesize existing literature to ease entry into this field and guide future research efforts. Therefore, starting from a pool of over 3000 papers extracted from the Scopus database in the temporal range 2000-2024, this paper employs the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to produce a systematic review of mining LTL specifications of hardware and software systems. In particular, we provide a taxonomy of the methods and describe with significant detail all the relevant techniques present at the state of the art. Finally, we discuss the challenges of mining LTL specifications and explore potential directions and opportunities for future research
A Baseline Framework for the Qualification of LTL Specification Miners
No full textOver the past few decades, the verification community has developed several specification miners as an alternative to manual assertion definition. However, assessing their effectiveness remains a challenging task. Most studies evaluate these miners using predefined ranking metrics, which often fail to ensure the quality of the inferred specifications, especially when no fixed ground truth exists and the relevance of the specifications varies depending on the use case. This paper presents a comprehensive framework aimed at facilitating the evaluation and comparison of Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) specification miners. Unlike traditional approaches, which struggle with subjective analyses and complex tool configurations, our framework provides a structured method for assessing and comparing the quality of specifications generated by multiple sources, using both semantic and syntactic techniques. To achieve this, the framework offers users an easy-to-extend environment for installing, configuring, and running third-party miners via Docker containers. Additionally’ it supports the inclusion of new evaluation methods through a modular design. Miner comparison can be based either on user-defined designs or on synthetic benchmarks, which are automatically generated to serve as a non-subjective ground truth for the evaluation of the miners. We demonstrate the utility of our framework through comparative analyses with four well-known LTL miners, illustrating its ability to standardize and enhance the specification mining evaluation process
Mining signal temporal logic specifications for hybrid systems
No full textSeveral approaches have been proposed over the
years to automatically generate specifications of digital systems
by means of dynamic techniques, which are now ripe to be
applied in large-scale industrial scenarios. On the other hand,
the automatic extraction of specifications for the hybrid domain,
where systems express both discrete and continuous behaviours,
remains mainly unexplored. Therefore, in this paper, we propose
a tool for dynamically mining the specifications of hybrid systems
in the form of assertions compliant with the Signal Temporal
Logic (STL), which has been proven to be effective at capturing
the behaviours of such systems. Our approach takes as input a set
of execution traces of the target system and mixes clustering and
decision-tree algorithms to generate STL assertions that describe
what has been actually implemented
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
