24 research outputs found
Evaluation agronomique de l'association bananiers-caféiers : application au Burundi
No full textBanana and coffee play a key role in Burundian agricultural production. But, coffee growing in monocropping system is less profitable. This pushes small producers to increase the area occupied by banana by planting banana around coffee plots or by intercropping coffee with banana. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the agronomic performance of banana-coffee intercropping system in order to recommend good management practices to sustain coffee production in Burundi.
Using data from 60 adjunct coffee and banana plots, we observe that the growth and the yield of coffee are not affected by banana. Furthermore, the yield and the growth of banana are higher in banana close coffee. The buffer zone close coffee plots seems benefit to banana without negative effect on coffee.
When banana is intercropped with young coffee, coffee yield and growth decrease by increasing banana density. On the other hand, cherry mean weight increase with density of banana. The effects of coffee on banana production and growth depend on coffee growing stage with negative effects with old coffee (7 years after stem pruning). Incomes are higher in plots with high density of banana whatever the age of coffee. This confirms the important place of banana in improving farmers’ living conditions.
Banana-coffee intercropping could encourage small producers to invest in existing coffee plots or new coffee plantations. Optimizing the management of this system will avoid significant decrease of national coffee production.La banane et le café jouent un rôle important dans l’économie Burundaise. Mais, dans le système actuel de culture en pure, la caféiculture est moins rentable. Cela pousse les petits producteurs à accroître la part des bananiers en les plantant autour des parcelles de caféiers, voire en les associant avec les caféiers. Vu cette évolution, l’objectif de la thèse était d’étudier les performances agronomiques de l’association bananiers-caféiers en vue de pouvoir faire des recommandations pour une gestion durable des caféières.
Sur base de l’analyse de 60 parcelles de bananiers et de caféiers adjacentes, on observe que le rendement et la croissance des caféiers ne sont pas affectés par la présence des bananiers. Cependant, le rendement et la croissance sont plus élevés chez les bananiers proches des caféiers. La zone tampon autour des parcelles de caféiers semble donc propice aux bananiers, sans effets néfastes sur les caféiers. Quand les bananiers sont associés avec des jeunes caféiers, le rendement de café et leur croissance diminuent avec l’augmentation de la densité des bananiers et le poids de 100 cerises augmente avec l’augmentation de la densité des bananiers. Les effets des caféiers en production sur les bananiers dépendent de leur stade de développement avec des effets négatifs uniquement quand les caféiers sont âgés. Les revenus sont plus élevés dans les parcelles avec forte densité de bananiers quel que soit l’âge des caféiers, confirmant le rôle central du bananier dans l’amélioration des conditions de vie des producteurs.
L’association caféiers-bananiers pourrait inciter les petits producteurs à renouveler et à entretenir les caféières au Burundi. Une optimisation de la gestion de cette association est cependant indispensable pour qu’elle ne nuise pas outre mesure à la production nationale de café.(AGRO 3) -- UCL, 201
Comparative Liming Power of Chicken Manure and Selected Dolomitic Sources on an Acidic High Altitude Burundi Surface Soil
No full textA research initiative was set up to evaluate the comparative liming power of locally available dolomitic products and chicken manure, using an amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) test crop. The soil used was acidic, of low % base saturation and risks of Al toxicity, and deficient in available P, exchangeable Mg, Ca, and K. The experimental setup was a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and 3 replicates which included: a control treatment (equivalent to 100 kg DAP/ha), 4 mineral amendments (Moso Lime, Moso Ground Dolomite, Bubanza Ground Dolomite and Busiga Ground Dolomite) applied at equivalents of 1 T/ha and 2 T/ha, and chicken manure applied at equivalent of 10 and 20 T/ha. The study duration was three months with three test crop harvests at one-month interval. Monthly measured plant growth and production parameters were plant height, root length, shoot length, root biomass, shoot biomass and their summation (total biomass). Soil pH, available P and exchangeable acidity (Al3+ + H+) were assessed at the start and the completion of the pot study. Obtained results could be summarized as follows : (i) the highest available P accumulation was associated with the equivalent of 20 T/ha of chicken manure ; (ii) application of equivalents 20 T/ha of chicken manure, 2 T/ha Moso Ground Dolomite and 2 T/ha Moso Lime increased soil pH by 0.2 to 0.5 pH-units and reduced exchangeable acdity ; (ii) DAP fertilized treatment was characterised by the lowest pH value and the highest Al3+ and H+ exchangeable acidity, illustrating the acidifying effect of this NH4+-bearing fertilizer ; (iv) amarant growth (root and height) and biomass (root + shoot) production were highest with 20 T/ha chicken manure, 2 T/ha Moso Ground Dolomite and 2 T/ha Moso lime. The application rate was only statistically detectable for Moso Ground Dolomite (+ 162 %) and chicken manure (+ 182 %). Overall, 20 T/ha chicken manure showed the highest and most stable amaranth root + shoot biomass yields, demonstrating its potential residual effect, which should be evaluated and confirmed under field conditions.
What agronomic and environmental factors drive coffee yield in Burundi? A country-wide study.
No full textArabica coffee accounts for 70 % of Burundi's trade income. However, production has been steadily declining. The objective of this study was therefore to identify the agronomic and environmental factors driving coffee yield on smallholder farms across Burundi. For this purpose, a diagnostic survey was conducted on 155 coffee plantations across three key agroecological zones: Mumirwa, the Humid Central Plateau, and the Dry Central Plateau. Data collection included plot and management characteristics, soil fertility variables, and yield. Yield surveys were conducted over two successive years to account for production cyclicity. Principal component analysis, random forest and boundary line analysis were used for data analysis. Average yields of washed merchant coffee were 887 kg ha−1 for Mumirwa, 1115 kg ha−1 for the Humid Central Plateau, and 1268 kg ha−1 for the Dry Central Plateau, with maximum yields reaching 1891, 2533, and 2262 kg ha−1, respectively. Based on the random forest analysis, soil organic carbon, mulch thickness and soil magnesium content were the most important variables for explaining yield. On average, Burundi’s coffee plantations experience a 59 % yield deficit. The most yield-limiting factors included inadequate weeding and mulching, aging plantations, soil acidity, as well as phosphorus, exchangeable bases and soil organic carbon content. These factors varied across regions. Renewal of plantations, better management practices, and addressing specific soil fertility issues are key to improve yields, for which the study proposes revised norms. The study also highlighted the importance of considering coffee yield cyclicity to avoid misidentifying yield-limiting factors
Un huerto rodeado de secano. Informe sobre el cultivo del naranjo en el País Valenciano a fines del siglo XIX
No full textThis article aims to analyse, in base of a private inform from 1898, some means of the transformation of Valencian agriculture under the new conditions imposed by the expansion of the citrus industry. Among the outstanding issues, the author intents to show those related to the efforts for an adaption of agriculture to the new market conditions, the changes concerned with the new land-exploitation devices and the working market, as well as land-owners' strategies
Historia de la seducción
No full textIniciamos una semana "seductora". Lo hacemos deteniéndonos en un volumen para todos los públicos, incluidos, por qué no, los propios historiadores, pues al fin y al cabo es uno de los nuestros (o al menos como tal se ha formado) quien lo ha escrito: Strange Antics: A History of Seduction (Williams Collins) del neófito Clement Knox. Repito, pues: un volumen para todos los públicos de un historiador en camino de convertirse en reputado author o independent scholar. Veamos la presentación: "S..
Hitler, el mostruo hogareño
No full textHace ya un año llegó a las librerías británicas (ahora lo acaba de hacer en bolsillo y en edición americana) un volumen titulado The Making of Home. The 500-Year Story of How Our Houses Became Our Homes (Athlantic Books), de Judith Flanders. Aunque es una historiadora social (y fue nominada para el British Book Awards History Book of the Year), se trata más bien de una periodista y contrastada author, con una larga y afortunada trayectoria que incluye libros como The Victorian House, Consumin..
Hitler, el mostruo hogareño
No full textHace ya un año llegó a las librerías británicas (ahora lo acaba de hacer en bolsillo y en edición americana) un volumen titulado The Making of Home. The 500-Year Story of How Our Houses Became Our Homes (Athlantic Books), de Judith Flanders. Aunque es una historiadora social (y fue nominada para el British Book Awards History Book of the Year), se trata más bien de una periodista y contrastada author, con una larga y afortunada trayectoria que incluye libros como The Victorian House, Consumin..
El fantasma del terror (1789-1848) y sus usos
No full textCon mucha más recepción entre la prensa conservadora que entre los medios liberal-progresistas, nos llega Phantom Terror: The Threat of Revolution and the Repression of Liberty 1789-1848 (William Collins), del peculiar "Author and Historian" Adam Zamoyski. He aquí uno de los paratextos editoriales: El advenimiento de la Revolución francesa confirmó los peores temores de los gobernantes de Europa. Vieron sus Estados como navíos a la deriva, maltratados por doquier por olas terribles y amenaz..
Occurrence and density of the stink bug Antestiopsis thunbergii Gmelin 1790 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and related egg-parasitoids in Burundi coffee agroecosystems
No full textInternational audienceAntestiopsis thunbergii is the most important coffee pest in Burundi causing yield losses of up to 30%. The aim of this study was to estimate its occurrence and density and to assess the species diversity of native egg-parasitoids associated to this pest in coffee agroecosystems. Our study was carried out in four coffee growing agro-ecological zones of Burundi namely; the humid west escarpments, the humid central highlands, the sub-humid central highlands and the sub-humid southeastern and northern depressions. In total, 600 coffee trees, randomly selected in 40 coffee plots of 20 communes were investigated at three phenological stages of the crop viz. October 2019 (coffee was flowering), January 2020 (coffee berries were immature green) and April 2020 (coffee berries were mature green and red). The results showed a permanent presence of A. thunbergii with an increasing occurrence and density with time. Densities were above the economic threshold (one antestia bug per tree), except in the humid west escarpments. Differences were highly significant among the four agro-ecological zones at each time of sampling. The humid central highlands zone registered the highest densities with 1.55, 1.31 and 2.67 antestia bugs per tree in October, January and April, respectively. The humid west escarpments zone recorded lower densities of 0.38, 0.44 and 0.88 antestia bugs per tree, for the same periods respectively. From the 4,776 eggs collected from the field, 1,99 egg-parasitoids of A. thunbergii were obtained and identified, namely Trissolcus sp. (59.2%), Telenomus seychellensis (29.6%), Gryon fulviventre (2.9%), Anastatus sp. (8.1%) and Acroclisoides africanus (0.2%)
Coffee-banana systems in transition: Resource allocation and crop interactions in smallholder farms of Burundi
No full textThis study aimed to analyse interactions between coffee and banana plants in adjunct banana and coffee plots. A diagnostic survey was conducted in 60 farms with adjunct banana and coffee plots selected in a humid plateau ecological zone. Banana plots were divided into two sub-plots, a sub-plot near coffee (NC) and a sub-plot far from coffee (FC). Coffee plots were divided into two sub-plots, sub-plot near banana (NB) and sub-plot far from banana (FB). Results showed that banana yield was higher in sub-plots NC (28.6 Mg ha-1 cycle-1) than subplots FC (10.4 Mg ha-1 cycle-1). The coffee yield was not significantly different among sub-plots. The weight of 100 cherries was significantly higher NB. Soils under coffee were significantly richer near banana and banana nutrient leaf content higher NC. Limiting factors in banana sub-plots FC were, in descending order, K > Mg > Corg > P > pH. In banana sub-plots NC, limiting factors were K / (Ca + Mg) > pH > Zn > P and N. In coffee sub-plots NB, limiting factors were Corg > Mulch > Zn > P > K. In sub-plots FB, limiting factors were Zn > N > P > Mulch. The presence of bananas did not affect coffee growth and coffee yield NB while increasing soil characteristics NB. The presence of coffee has significantly increased the yield and growth of banana NC
