1,720,969 research outputs found
Aldosterone affects vascular tone during ischemia reperfusion injury in hamster cheek pouch
No full textThe present study aimed to assess the effects of topically appliedaldosterone [ALD] on vascular tone during ischemia reperfusion injury in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Male Syrian hamsters were anesthetized with pentobarbital [5 mg/100 g body wt, i.p.], tracheotomized and intubated. They were submitted to 30 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Cheek pouch microvessels were visualized by fluorescence microscopy using fluorescent dextran [MW 150 kD] as a tracer. Diameter of vessels, perfused capillary length, microvascular permeability, expressed as Normalized Grey Level [NGL], and leukocyte adhesion were determined by computerized methods.Under baseline conditions, ALD [0.2- 0.5 –2.4 mM/L/2 min] induced dose-dependent constriction of all arterioles within 2.0 ± 0.5 min of administration. These vessel size-related effects were prominent in A4 arterioles [diameter: 8.7 ± 0.9 μm] that constricted by 24 ± 3% of baseline [at the highest dose]. ALD, 2.4 mM/2 min, applied before ischemia and at reperfusion, caused arteriolar constriction resulting in marked decrease in perfused capillary and postcapillary venule length [–70± 3 % of baseline], significant compared to control [p<0.05]. Therewas patchy increase in leakage [NGL=0.70± 0.03, p<0.01 vs. baseline], differently distributed compared to control, and reduced adhesion of leucocytes [4 ± 2 vs. 9 ± 2/100 μm venular length, p<0.01 vs. control]. In conclusion, our data suggest that ALD induces constriction of arterioles with marked decrease in tissue perfusion and patchy increase in leakage during ischemia reperfusion injury
Ageing, adiposity indexes and low muscle mass in a clinical sample of overweight and obese women
No full text
Association of the body adiposity index (BAI) with metabolic risk factors in young and older overweight and obese women.
No full textPURPOSE:
Body adiposity index (BAI) is a novel index for the assessment of percentage fat mass (FM%). We tested the association between BAI and metabolic outcomes in overweight and obese women of different ages.
METHODS:
260 young women (24.7 ± 5.3 years, 31.0 ± 5.0 kg/m(2)) and 328 older women (66.9 ± 4.6 years, 34.8 ± 4.7 kg/m(2)) were recruited. BAI was calculated using hip circumference and height. Bioimpedance analysis was used to measure FM%. Metabolic risk was assessed using a composite z score integrating standardised measurements of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, liver enzymes and triglycerides.
RESULTS:
The association between BAI and FM% was modest in both young (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) and older (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) groups. BAI was directly associated with metabolic risk in young women (r = 0.29, p < 0.001), whereas it showed a weak, inverse association in the older group (r = -0.14, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS:
BAI validity needs to be re-assessed in older individuals for better definition of its predictive accuracy
Body composition, eating behavior, food-body concerns and eating disorders in adolescent girls
No full textAIMS: Dieting is a behavioral phenomenon which is becoming more frequent among adolescents and the search for weight loss, through dieting, may result in an unbalanced nutrition both quantitatively and qualitatively. Our study intended to look at the eating habits and behavior on a cohort of adolescent girls to verify the presence of unbalanced diets and the prevalence of eating disorders with particular attention to the partial syndromes (EDNOS). METHODS: A cross-sectional double-stage study was carried out on a group of schoolgirls in the suburbs of Naples. We assessed anthropometrical measures, body composition (skinfolds and bioimpedance analysis), dietary intake by means of 3-day food records and we administered the Eating Disorder Inventory 2 and Psychosocial Factor Risk Questionnaire. A multidisciplinary and double-stage approach had been used to get a better diagnosis of eating disorders in our sample. RESULTS: 156 adolescent girls, 14-18 years old, took part in our study. Height, weight, and BMI were 160.38 cm, 58 kg and 22.6, respectively. Analysis of food intake showed that all the values reported, with the exception of lipids and sodium, were below the recommendations by LARN. We observed a prevalence of 1.28% of bulimia nervosa, 1.28% of binge eating, and 10.25% of eating disorders not otherwise specified. EDI 2 and PRFQ confirmed how important drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction dimensions are when we deal with adolescent girls and with the phenomenon of dieting. The study confirmed the validity of the PRFQ questionnaire to evaluate mass media influence on body perception and eating behavior of adolescents. CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary and well-designed studies are needed to systematically and accurately study eating habits and behavior of adolescents to tackle more efficiently the increasing spread of eating disorders and obesity
Obesity and obesity related disease in adulthood: the dark side of early life exposure to Environmental Chemical Disruptors
Full text linkPurpose: The present review aims to summarize and collect data in support of the obesogenic theory to broaden knowledge regarding the intriguing relationship between exposure to environmental chemical disruptors (EDCs), obesity and obesity related diseases. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature from 1990 to 2024 was performed in Pubmed using the word endocrine disruptor chemicals or obesogens and: adipose tissue, metabolic diseases, weight gain, gut microbiota. Results: In the past, genetic factors, an unbalanced diet and a sedentary lifestyle were considered the only risk factors for obesity development. On the other hand, recent studies described the obesogenic theory, suggesting that an interaction between exposure to EDCs with obesogenic activity, especially during early life development, and the endocrine system can play a key role in the greater susceptibility to the onset of obesity, not even excluding the involvement of the gut microbiota and its alterations. Conclusions: Data collected show that there is a close link between environmental exposure to EDCs during early life of development and the onset of obesity and related dysmetabolic diseases that may occur later in life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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