109,757 research outputs found
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
From Affordances to Situated Affordances in Robotics - Why Context is Important
No full textKammer M, Tscherepanow M, Schack T, Nagai Y. From Affordances to Situated Affordances in Robotics - Why Context is Important. In: Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Conference Abstract: IEEE ICDL-EPIROB 2011. Frontiers Media; 2011
Prismognathus sukkitorum Nagai 2005
No full textPrismognathus sukkitorum Nagai, 2005 (Figs. 67, 97, 129, 155, 191, 215, 235) Prismognathus sukkitorum Nagai, 2005: 37 [type locality: Chudo Razi, northeastern Kachin, northern Myanmar], Figs. 21–23, males and female; Fujita 2010: 168, plate 101, partim [Figs. 505 (1–5), males from northern Myanmar]. Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan: 1 3 (IEAS), Baoshan City, Tengchong County, Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve, Da-hao-ping station, on the old road from Tengchong to Baoshan, 17.IX. 1991, Z.-Y. Liu, T.-Q. Wang & H.-S. Yin leg.; 1 Ƥ (IEAS), same data; 1 3 (CLYB), Nujiang Autonomous Prefecture, Gongshan County, VIII. 2011, Y.- B. L i leg.. Identification. This species was originally described from northeastern Myanmar and compared with P. kanghianus. It differs from P. kanghianus in males “by having the body black, almost without luster, and the angulated frontal corners of pronotum” (Nagai 2005). Fujita (2010) illustrated some reddish brown specimens alongside the black specimens from the same area; therefore the black color of the body is not a constant character. The male specimen from western Yunnan examined by us matches the original description of P. s u kk i to r um except for the redder color of the body. On the underside of the male specimen, each of the abdominal ventrites bears a transversal band of yellow setae near the posterior margin; this character is not found in all other species. The female was illustrated in the original description and very briefly described. The following peculiar characters have been noticed by us: 1) anterior margin of the pronotum markedly wider than head, with anterolateral corners more or less produced; 2) lateral angels of the pronotum a little protruding. The female from western Yunnan examined by us matches the above-mentioned characters. However, the female illustrated by Fujita (2010: plate 101, Fig. 505 - 6) does not match these characters and probably does not belong to P. sukkitorum. Taxonomic notes. P. sukkitorum is sympatric with P. kanghianus kittii in northeastern Myanmar. Distribution. Western Yunnan (Tengchong); northeastern Myanmar.Published as part of Huang, Hao & Chen, Chang-Chin, 2012, A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3255 on page 15, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.28062
IL-23 gene therapy for mouse bladder tumour cell lines.
No full textOBJECTIVES:
• To evaluate the antitumour effects of IL-23 gene transfer into mouse bladder carcinoma (MBT2) cells. • To investigate the mechanisms underlying the subsequent constitutive secrection of IL-23 by the MBT2 cells
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
• An expression vector containing IL-23 gene was introduced into MBT2 cells by liposome-mediated gene transfer, and secretion of IL-23 was confirmed by ELISA. • The in vivo antitumour effect of IL-23-secreting MBT2 cells (MBT2/IL-23) was examined by injecting the cells into syngeneic C3H mice. • A tumour vaccination study using mitomycin C (MMC)-treated IL-23-secreting MBT2 cells was carried out, and the usefulness of in vivo CD25 depletion for an additional vaccine effect was also investigated. • The mechanisms underlying the antitumour effects were investigated by antibody depletion of CD8 or CD4 T cells, or natural killer cells, and cells infiltrating the tumour sites in vivo were assessed using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS:
• Stable transformants transduced with MBT2/IL-23 secreted IL-23 into the culture supernatant. • Genetically engineered IL-23-secreting MBT2 cells were rejected in syngeneic mice. • MBT2/IL-23-vaccinated mice inhibited the tumour growth of parental MBT2 cells injected at a distant site and this vaccine effect was enhanced by combination with in vivo CD25 depletion by an antibody. • The main effector cells for the direct antitumour effect of MBT2/IL-23 were CD8 T cells, which was shown by in vivo depletion and immunohistochemical study.
CONCLUSIONS:
• IL-23-secreting MBT2 cells were rejected in syngeneic mice by the activation of CD8 T cells. • MMC-treated MBT2/IL-23 can have a tumour vaccine effect for parental MBT2 cells, and this effect was enhanced by combination with in vivo CD25 depletion
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Singularity Formation in Chemotaxis--A Conjecture of Nagai
No full textConsider the initial-boundary value problem for the system (S)ut = uxx - (uvx)x, vt= u- av on an interval [0,1] for t > 0, where a > 0 with ux(0,t) = ux(1,t)= 0. Suppose \mu, v0 are positive constants. The corresponding spatially homogeneous global solution U(t) = \mu, V(t) = \mu a + (v0 - \mu a)\exp(-at) is stable in the sense that if (\mu',v0' ) are positive constants, the corresponding spatially homogeneous solution will be uniformly close to (U(\cdot),V(\cdot)).
We consider, in sequence space, an approximate system (S') which is related to (S) in the following sense: The chemotactic term (uvx)x is replaced by the inverse Fourier transform of the finite part of the convolution integral for the Fourier transform of (uvx)x. (Here the finite part of the convolution on the line at a point x of two functions, f,g, is defined as .) We prove the following: If \mu > a, then in every neighborhood of (\mu,v0 ) there are (spatially nonconstant) initial data for which the solution of problem (S') blows up in finite time in the sense that the solution must leave L2 (0,1)\times H1 (0,1) in finite time T. Moreover, the solution components u(\cdot,t),v(\cdot,t) each leave L2 (0,1).If \mu > a, then in every neighborhood of (\mu,v0 ) there are (spatially nonconstant) initial data for which the solution of problem (S) on (0,1) \times (0,Tmax ) must blow up in finite time in the sense that the coefficients of the cosine series for (u,v) become unbounded in the sequence product space .
A consequence of (2) states that in every neighborhood of (\mu,v0 ), there are solutions of (S) which, if they are sufficiently regular, will blow up in finite time. (Nagai and Nakaki [Nonlinear Anal., 58 (2004), pp. 657--681] showed that for the original system such solutions are unstable in the sense that if \mu > a, then in every neighborhood of (\mu,\mu a), there are spatially nonconstant solutions which blow up in finite or infinite time. They conjectured that the blow-up time must be finite.) Using a recent regularity result of Nagai and Nakaki, we prove this conjecture.This is an article from SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 65 (2004): 336, doi:10.1137/S0036139903431725. Posted with permission.</p
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Pelevin’s Trinity in the novel “t”: author – protagonist – reader
No full textThe article attempts to interpret Pelevin's artistic strategy in the novel "T" by exploring its subject organization and addressing the key problems of the author, the protagonist, and the reader as they are seen by the researcher. The article analyzes the peculiarities of constructing the narrative reality in the novel "T", and goes on to discuss Pelevin's philosophic models of the development of the humankind, and the emergence of his new anthropology
Physical Origins of Gas Motions in Galaxy Cluster Cores: Interpreting <i>Hitomi</i> Observations of the Perseus Cluster
No full textThe Hitomi X-ray satellite has provided the first direct measurements of the plasma velocity dispersion in a galaxy cluster. It finds a relatively “quiescent” gas with a line-of-sight velocity dispersion σ_{v,los} ≃ 160 km/s, at 30-60 kpc from the cluster center. This is surprising given the presence of jets and X-ray cavities that indicates on-going activity and feedback from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) at the cluster center. Using a set of mock Hitomi observations generated from a suite of state-of-the-art cosmological cluster simulations, and an isolated but higher resolution simulation of gas physics in the cluster core, including the effects of cooling and AGN feedback, we examine the likelihood of Hitomi detecting a cluster with the observed velocities. As long as the Perseus has not experienced a major merger in the last few gigayears, and AGN feedback is operating in a “‘gentle” mode, we reproduce the level of gas motions observed by Hitomi. The frequent mechanical AGN feedback generates net line-of-sight velocity dispersions ∼100-200 km/s, bracketing the values measured in the Perseus core. The large-scale velocity shear observed across the core, on the other hand, is generated mainly by cosmic accretion such as mergers. We discuss the implications of these results for AGN feedback physics and cluster cosmology and progress that needs to be made in both simulations and observations, including a Hitomi re-flight and calorimeter-based instruments with higher spatial resolution
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