1,721,197 research outputs found
Les obligations internationales des Etats européens en matière de protection sanitaire contre les radiations nucléaires
No full textN.E.S. Les obligations internationales des Etats européens en matière de protection sanitaire contre les radiations nucléaires. In: Annuaire français de droit international, volume 5, 1959. pp. 704-714
A Comparison Of The Price Competitiveness Of Turkish And South East Asian Exports In The European Union Market In The 1990s
Get PDFA new look at gender effects in participation and occupation choice
Get PDFThe growth in female labour participation and occupational attainment represents the most dramatic feature of labour markets in the second half of the twentieth century. This has been due in part to developments in social attitudes and the consequent changes in the prices attached to women's characteristics, and in part to changes in those characteristics themselves. This paper analyses these issues by constructing models of participation and occupational choice for the years 1970 and 1990, and then by evaluating which participation and occupation regimes would have been selected by respondents with the characteristics of women observed in 1970 had they faced the coefficients which obtained in 1990. It is established that changing prices accounts for a substantial part of the improvement in women's fortunes in the labour market. To provide a basis of comparison, the model is also estimated for men. Choices concerning occupational and labour market participation are modelled using both the standard multinomia
Exports of high technology from developing countries : a new look into the data
Get PDFMestrado em EconomiaO objectivo do presente trabalho é testar a hipótese de que considerar os
países em desenvolvimento como reais exportadores de produtos de alta
tecnologia pode ser apenas o resultado de um artefacto estatístico, através de
um novo olhar sobre os dados.
O presente trabalho visa complementar estudos realizados anteriormente
através da análise dos dados mais recentes e comparáveis, de forma a captar
uma perspectiva evolutiva do comércio internacional e, especificamente, a
performance do mundo em desenvolvimento no que concerne as exportações
de alta tecnologia. O estudo é principalmente empírico e baseado nos dados
disponíveis no International Trade Centre, UNCTAD/WTO, extraídos da base
de dados COMTRADE. Os dados estão disponíveis para 169 países e para o
período 2001-2005.
A análise não rejeita ou contesta totalmente a hipótese de artefacto estatístico.
Quatro tendências principais são identificadas: os países em desenvolvimento
continuam a melhorar a sua competitividade em termos de (1) exportações de
produtos manufacturados em geral e (2) exportações de alta tecnologia em
particular, ganhando terreno em relação aos países desenvolvidos; (3) os
países em desenvolvimento estão também a importar alta tecnologia em
grande escala e uma quarta conclusão incide sobre a (4) heterogeneidade
entre as economias em desenvolvimento. A China Índia, México, Malásia ou
Hungria parecem estar a desenvolver as suas capacidades locais. Contudo, os
restantes países têm ainda um grande caminho a percorrer. Até as Filipinas e
a Tailândia, que sugeriam ser economias promissoras nos anos 90, parecem
não ter desenvolvido as suas capacidades substancialmente. Enquanto que os
países desenvolvidos estão profundamente preocupados com a concorrência
emergente de economias em desenvolvimento, estas últimas devem focar-se
na promoção e desenvolvimento das suas competências internas. Os desafios
são claramente diferentes entre eles.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this work is to test the hypothesis that to consider developing
countries as high tech exporters may be just the result of a statistical artifact, by
taking a new look into the data.
The present work intends to contribute to the existing literature by analysing the
most recent and comparable data in order to capture an evolutionary
perspective of the world trade and, specifically, the developing world
performance concerning high tech manufacturing exports. The study is mainly
empirical and based on the data from the International Trade Centre,
UNTACD/WTO extracted from the COMTRADE database. The data is
available for 169 countries and for the period 2000-2005.
The analysis cannot reject or contest fully the statistical artifact hypothesis. It
also identifies four main trends in the trade data: developing countries continue
to improve its competitiveness in terms of the (1) manufacturing exports in
general and (2) regarding high-tech exports in particular, clearly catching-up
developed economies; (3) developing countries are also importing high tech in
great scale, and a fourth conclusion from our analysis relies on (4) the
heterogeneity among developing economies. China, India, Mexico, Malaysia or
Hungary, do seem to be developing local skills. The remaining developing
countries have a long way to trace. Even Philippines and Thailand that
appeared to be very promising economies in the 1990’s, do not seem to have
developed their technological capabilities substantially. While developed
countries are deeply concerned with the competition emerging from developing
economies, the latter must emphasize the promotion and upgrading of their
own internal skills. The challenges are clearly different among them
Impacts of China’s growth on the Brazilian trade
Get PDFWe evaluate whether the presence of China in world trade is ultimately beneficial or whether it is a threat to Brazil. Using a gravitational model and a panel data method, we find that the Chinese exports to countries other than Brazil are not hurting the Brazilian exports, although the exports of Brazilian manufactured goods have been displaced by commodities as a result of its commerce with China.Brazil; China; trade; gravitational model
A new look at gender effects in participation and occupation choice
Get PDFThe growth in female labour participation and occupational attainment represents the most dramatic feature of labour markets in the second half of the twentieth century. This has been due in part to developments in social attitudes and the consequent changes in the prices attached to women's characteristics, and in part to changes in those characteristics themselves. This paper analyses these issues by constructing models of participation and occupational choice for the years 1970 and 1990, and then by evaluating which participation and occupation regimes would have been selected by respondents with the characteristics of women observed in 1970 had they faced the coefficients which obtained in 1990. It is established that changing prices accounts for a substantial part of the improvement in women's fortunes in the labour market. To provide a basis of comparison, the model is also estimated for men. Choices concerning occupational and labour market participation are modelled using both the standard multinomial
Intra-industry trade in Latin America and the Caribbean
Get PDFAn increasingly important component of total world trade is intra-industry trade (IIT). The large volume of literature on IIT is reflective of this importance. However, this extensive literature has focused almost completely on explaining the causes of IIT. This focus has left a puzzling gap in the literature. Specifically, it is almost impossible to determine the level of IIT for a particular country or region. Further, there is almost no information on the level of IIT at the industry level either globally or for a region or country. In this paper we provide estimates of IIT for the world and for the countries of the Western Hemisphere. Further, we provide estimates of IIT for ten different SITC product categories on the same basis. The findings of the paper indicate that in most industries, IIT in Latin America is substantially lower overall than the world average. There are, however, substantial variations observed both by country and by industry. Because the results are the first available for the region as a whole, they should allow researchers to get a better picture of the extent of IIT in Latin America and the Caribbean by country and by industry.Intra-industry trade; Latin America
China's Long-Term International Trade Statistics: By Commodity, 1952-1964 and 1981-2000
Get PDFInternational trade has been a key engine driving Chinese economic growth in recent decades. Yet, long-term analyses of China's trade are still difficult because the country's trade statistics for the post-war period up to the mid-1980s have many shortcomings For example, official customs statistics published by the Chinese government during this period, if they were published at all, do not provide any breakdown by commodity classification. Against this background, we recently compiled new statistics of China's trade during 1952-1964 and 1981-2000 at the 3-digit level of the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 1 (SITC-R1). The statistics for 1952-1964 and 1981-1987 are based on data we purchased from China's National Statistical Bureau. The data for 1988-2000 are compiled from the Commodity Trade Statistics of the United Nations (UN Comtrade) as a part of our joint work with scholars at the Institute of Development Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO). In this paper, we provide an overview of existing statistics of China's international trade and present our newly compiled statistics.
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