13 research outputs found
Comparison of synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence excitation–detection geometries for samples with differing matrices
No full textSynchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis on AP1™ films applied to the analysis of trace elements in metal alloys for the construction of nuclear reactor core components: a comparison
No full textAnalysis of low Z elements on Si wafer surfaces with synchrotron radiation induced total reflection X-ray fluorescence at SSRL, Beamline 3-3: comparison of droplets with spin coated wafers,
No full textLead accumulation in tidemark of articular cartilage
No full textDetermination of the spatial distribution of the toxic element lead (Pb) and other trace elements in normal articular cartilage and subchondral bone from adult humans with no history of work-related exposure to Pb.Four macroscopically normal femoral heads and three patellas were harvested from randomly selected forensic autopsies. All subjects died of acute illnesses, had no history of work-related exposure to Pb and had no metabolic bone disease. The elemental distribution of lead (Pb) together with zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) in the chondral and subchondral region was detected using high resolution synchrotron radiation induced micro X-ray fluorescence (SR mu-XRF) analysis. SR mu-XRF line scans in conventional and SR mu-XRF area scans in confocal geometry were correlated to backscattered electron (BE) images visualizing the mineralized tissue.In all samples, we found a highly specific accumulation of Pb in the tidemark, the transition zone between calcified and non-calcified articular cartilage. Pb fluorescence intensities in the tidemark, which is thought to be a metabolically active mineralization front, were 13-fold higher when compared to subchondral bone. Pb intensities in the subchondral region were strongly correlated with Zn, but were distinctly different from Ca and Sr.The finding of the highly specific accumulation of lead in the tidemark of human articular cartilage is novel. However at this point, the exact mechanisms of the local Pb accumulation as well as its clinical implications are unknown
Synchrotron radiation-induced TXRF of reactor steel samples
No full textSynchrotron radiation-induced total reflection x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analysis was used for the trace element analysis of steels exploited in the construction of core components of existing fission plants and future fusion power plants. Detection of traces of niobium in reactor pressure vessel steel allows a retrospective determination of the fast neutron flux. For the construction of future fusion reactors, low activation steels are being investigated. Traces of Nb, Pd, Ag, Eu, Gd, Th, Dy, Ho, Er, Os and Bi cause a higher activity of the material than the steel itself. Synchrotron radiation allows the excitation of the heavier element K shells, avoiding the strong overlaps of their L lines. Moreover, the linear polarization of synchrotron radiation combined with side-looking detection manages to reduce the scattering due to the matrix contained in the analysed samples. Experiments were carried out at Hasylab Beamline L (bending magnet). The experimental set-up includes a double reflector collimator, a multilayer and a vacuum chamber. Chemical preparation of the sample included dissolution and separation by means of anion-exchange chromatography. Minimum detectable concentrations of 37 ng g(-1) for Nb and 400 ng g(-1) for Th in the steel were achieved. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.CRPPSP
Disease course and late sequelae of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: 25-year experience at the University of California, San Francisco.
No full textPURPOSE The purpose of our investigation was to correlate the extent and degree of organ involvement at presentation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) with subsequent disease course, survival, and late sequelae. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medical records of 71 patients with a pathologic diagnosis of LCH, age 0 to 21 years, who presented between January 1, 1969 and June 30, 1994, were reviewed for organ involvement at diagnosis, treatment, disease course, and late sequelae. Supplementary data were obtained by mailed questionnaire. RESULTS The median follow-up time from diagnosis for all patients was 8.1 years. Involvement at diagnosis included nine patients with skin-only disease, 22 with monostotic disease, 12 with polyostotic disease, and 28 with multisystem presentation. Treatment was surgery only in 17 and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in 54 patients. Recurrences were seen in 35 patients, with the highest rate in the polyostotic group. Ten patients died: seven with the multisystem presentation, two with monostotic disease, and one with skin-only disease. Causes included progressive LCH (n = 6) and late sequelae of either treatment (n = 3) or disease (n = 1). Late sequelae were seen in 64% of 51 patients with more than 3 years of follow-up data. The most common were skeletal defects in 42%, dental problems in 30%, diabetes insipidus in 25%, growth failure in 20%, sex hormone deficiency in 16%, hypothyroidism in 14%, hearing loss in 16%, and other CNS dysfunction in 14%. The overall estimated survival rates at 5, 15, and 20 years are 88%, 88%, and 77%, with an estimated event-free survival rate of only 30% at 15 years. CONCLUSION Despite the favorable survival, more than half of LCH patients will have further dissemination of disease or late sequelae, including even some patients with single-system disease at diagnosis. Future treatment needs to be designed to prevent disease progression and late sequelae. </jats:sec
Synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis on AP1 (TM) films applied to the analysis of trace elements in metal alloys for the construction of nuclear reactor core components: a comparison
No full textSynchrotron radiation induced total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and conventional 45 degrees energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) using a 150-nm-thick AP1 (TM) film as sample carrier have been exploited for the elemental analysis of traces in alloys used for the construction of reactor core components of nuclear power plants. Both techniques are well suited for the analysis since they require a low amount of sample (mul), important on one hand because of the limited disposal and on the other hand because of its high specific activity. The methods provide a very low background due to the total reflection phenomenon in TXRF and the thin AP1 (TM) film sample support, respectively. The employment of synchrotron radiation was necessary since there are no laboratory sources which can deliver a collimated beam of the energy and intensity needed to excite the K-shell of the rare earth elements, allowing the achievement of minimum detection limits relevant for the proposed purpose (ng/g range). Moreover, the linear polarization of synchrotron radiation combined with a side-looking detection geometry manages to reduce the scattering due to the remaining matrix of the analyzed samples. Detection limits for Nb and for some of the rare earth elements (pg range for absolute detection limits and ng-mug/g range for concentration detection limits) obtained with the two techniques are presented and the two approaches are compared. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.CRPPSPCSp. Iss. S
Evaluation Of Factors Related To The Tinnitus Disturbance
No full textIntroduction: The perception of tinnitus varies among individuals. The limitations caused by tinnitus are related to psychological factors, mood changes and psychiatric conditions, while other factors related to discomfort caused by tinnitus are being studied. Hearing loss is an important factor for the onset of tinnitus. Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between the degree of discomfort caused by tinnitus and the hearing loss level. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of the patients treated at the Otolaryngology Service of the State University from Campinas for 15 months, using the Visual-Analogue Scale to classify the degree of discomfort by tinnitus. Results: 107 patients were studied and there was no correlation between the degree of annoyance of tinnitus with hearing loss, age, gender, presence of dizziness, of neck pain, headache, changes of the temporomandibular joint, the use of caffeine or excessive intake of carbohydrates. The discomfort was slightly higher in patients without hearing loss and in women. Conclusion: Dizziness, neck pain, headache and caffeine abuse are prevalent complaints in patients with tinnitus.1712125Eggermont, J.J., Pathophysiology of tinnitus (2007) Prog Brain Res., 166, pp. 19-36Jastreboff, P.J., Hazell, J.W.P., A neurophysiological approach to tinnitus: Clinical implications (1993) Br J Audiol., 27 (1), pp. 7-17Jastreboff, P.J., Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): Mechanisms of generation and perception (1990) Neurosci Res., 8, pp. 221-254Sanchez, T.G., Reabilitação do paciente com zumbido (2002) Tratado de Otorrinolaringologia, 2, pp. 311-324. , Campos CA, Costa HO. Ed, São Paulo: RocaSanchez, T.G., (2003) Zumbido: Análise Crítica de Uma Experiência de Pesquisa, , Tese de Pós Graduação - Livre-Docência. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São PauloLangguth, B., Kleinjung, T., Fischer, G., Hajak, P., Eichhammer, P., Sand, P.G., Tinnitus severity, depression and the big five personality traits (2007) Prog Brain Res., 166, pp. 221-227Tyler, R.S., Baker, L.J., Difficulties experienced by tinnitus sufferers (1983) J Speech Hear Disord., 48 (2), pp. 150-154Holgers, K.M., Zoger, S., Svedlund, K., Predictive factors for development of severe tinnitus suffering further characterization (2005) Int J Audiol., 44 (10), pp. 584-592McKenna, L., Hallam, R.S., Hinchcliff, R., The prevalence of psychological disturbance in neurotology patients (1991) Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci., 16, pp. 452-456Hallam, R.S., Jakes, S.C., Chambers, C., Hinchcliff, R., A comparison of different methods for assessing the intensity of tinnitus (1985) Acta Otolaryngol., 99 (5-6), pp. 501-508Kuk, F.K., Tyler, R.S., Russel, D., Jordan, H., The psychometric properties of a tinnitus handicap questionnaire (1990) Ear Hear., 11 (6), pp. 434-445Jr., F.M.B., Venosa, A.R., Oliveira, C.A., Benzodiazepines and GABAergics in treating severe disabling tinnitus of predominantly cochlear origin (2006) Int Tinnitus J., 12 (2), pp. 140-144Pea, F., Cunha, F., Onishi, E.T., Fca, B., Ganança, F.F., Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: Adaptação cultural para o português brasileiro (2005) Pro-Fono., 17 (3), pp. 303-310Schmidt, L.P., Teixeira, V.N., Dall'Lgna, C., Dalagnol, D., Smith, M.M., Adaptação para a língua portuguesa do questionário Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: validade e reprodutibilidade (2006) Braz J Otorrinolaryngol., 72, pp. 808-810Holgers, K.M., Erlandsson, S.I., Barreñas, M.L., Predictive factors for the severity of tinnitus (2000) Audiology., 39 (5), pp. 284-291Hiller, W., Goebel, G., Factors influencing tinnitus loudness and annoyance (2006) Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 132 (12), pp. 1323-1329Unterrainer, J., Greimel, K.V., Leibetseder, M., Koler, T., Experiencing tinnitus: Which factors are important for perceived severity of the symptom? (2003) Int Tinnitus J., 9 (2), pp. 130-133Raymundo, I.T., Bahmad Jr., F., Barros Filho, J., Pinheiro, T.G., Maia, N.A., Oliveira, C.A., Intratympanic methyl prednisoloneas rescue therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2010) Braz J Otorhinolaryngol., 76 (4), pp. 499-509Searchfield, G.D., Jerram, C., Wise, K., Raymond, S., The impact of hearing loss on tinnitus severity (2007) The Australian and New Zealand J Audiol., 29 (2), pp. 67-76Shulman, A., Goldstein, B., Strashun, A.M., Final common pathway for tinnitus: Theoretical and clinical implications of neuroanatomical substrates (2009) Int Tinnitus J., 15 (1), pp. 5-50Lenhardt, M.L., Tinnitus: A philosophical problem (2008) Int Tinnitus J., 14 (1), pp. 37-41Weisz, N., Voss, S., Berg, P., Elbert, T., Abnormal auditory mismatch response in tinnitus sufferers with high-frequency hearing loss is associated with subjective distress level (2004) BMC Neurosci., 5, pp. 8-16Sanchez, T.G., Mak, M.P., Pedalini, M.E.B., Evolução do zumbido e da audição em pacientes com audiometria tonal normal (2005) Arq Int Otorrinolaringol., 9 (3), pp. 220-227Pcl, P., Sanchez, T.G., Tomita, S., Avaliação da relação entre severidade do zumbido e perda auditiva, sexo e idade do paciente (2010) Braz J Otorrinolaryngol., 76 (1), pp. 18-24Prestes, R., Gil, D., Impact of tinnitus on quality of life, loudness and pitch match, and high-frequency audiometry (2009) Int Tinnitus J., 15 (2), pp. 134-138Claussen, C., Pandey, A., Neurootological differentiations in endogenous tinnitus (2009) Int Tinnitus J., 15 (2), pp. 174-184Seidmann, M.D., Jacobson, G.P., Update on tinnitus (1996) Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 29, pp. 455-465Barnea, G., Attias, J., Gold, S., Shahar, A., Tinnitus with normal hearing sensitivity: Extended high-frequency audiometry and auditory nerve brain-stem-evoked responses (1990) Audiology, 29, pp. 36-45Ccb, C., Sanchez, T.G., Bento, R.F., Características do zumbido em pacientes atendidos em serviço de referência Arq Int Otorrinolaringol, 8 (3), pp. 284-292Axelsson, A., Ringdahl, A., Tinnitus: A study of its prevalence and cha racteristics (1989) Br J Audiol., 23 (1), pp. 53-62Davis, A.C., Hearing disorders in the population: First phase findings of the MRC national study of hearing (1983) Hearing Science and Hearing Disorders, pp. 35-60. , Lutman, ME, Haggard MP. 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Childhood mourning : a critical evaluation of psychoanalytic views.
No full textThere is dissention among psychoanalysts about mourning in childhood, including the criteria appropriate to define mourning, the intrapsychic processes of mourning, the ways these manifest in grief and the factors affecting the outcome of childhood bereavement. In order to place the controversies in context, research on adult mourning, both psychoanalytic and empirical, is first reviewed. Psychoanalytic contributions on childhood mourning, with particular reference to parent loss are then examined, and it is .contended that Klein's theoretical formulations have been under utilised in illuminating childhood bereavement reactions. Questions raised but unanswered by the psychoanalytic literature on childhood parent loss are considered-to be whether the loss of a primary love object has specific repercussions, either in affecting mourning or the child's ongoing development in the parent's absence; whether the therapeutic relationship has been necessary to facilitate mourning in the case-reports discussed; whether generalisations are being made from an unrepresentative sample; and what role cognitive conceptions of death have in affecting bereavement reactions
