282 research outputs found
Improvement of contact resistance in flexible a-IGZO thin-film transistors by CF4/O-2 plasma treatment
No full textIn this work, we analyze the effect of CF4/O-2 plasma treatment on the contact interface between the amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (a-IGZO) semiconductor and Titanium-Gold electrodes. First, the influence of CF4/O-2 plasma treatment is evaluated using transmission line structures and compared to pure O-2 and CF4 plasma, resulting in a reduction of the contact resistance RC by a factor of 24.2 compared to untreated interfaces. Subsequently, the CF4/O-2 plasma treatment is integrated in the a-IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT) fabrication process flow. We achieve a reduction of the gate bias dependent RC by a factor up to 13.4, which results in an increased current drive capability. Combined with an associated channel length reduction, the effective linear field-effect mobility mu(lin,FE,eff) is increased by up to 74.6% for the CF4/O-2 plasma treated TFTs compared to untreated reference devices
Data for spatial analysis of growth anomaly lesions on Montipora capitata coral colonies using 3D reconstruction techniques
No full textAbstractTen annotated 3D reconstructions of Montipora capitata coral colonies contain x,y,z coordinates for all growth anomaly (GA) lesions affecting these corals. The 3D reconstructions are available as Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) files, and the GA lesions coordinates are in accompanying text files. The VRML models and GA lesion coordinates can be spatially analyzed using Matlab. Matlab scripts are provided for three spatial statistical procedures in order to assess clustering of the GA lesions across the coral colony surfaces in a 3D framework: Ripley׳s K, Moran׳s I, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Please see the research article, “Investigating the spatial distribution of Growth Anomalies affecting Montipora capitata corals in a 3-dimensional framework” (J.H.R. Burns, T. Alexandrov, E. Ovchinnikova, R.D. Gates, M. Takabayashi, 2016) [1], for further interpretation and discussion of the data
Cranes of the World: Black and White Plates
No full textBlack and white Photographs 1. West African crowned crane, adult. Photo by L. H. Walkinshaw. 2. South African crowned crane, adult at nest. Photo by W. Tarboton. 3. South African crowned crane, adult at nest. Photo by W. Tarboton. 4. Blue crane, adult at nest. Photo by W. Tarboton. 5. Demoiselle crane, adult. Photo by author. 6. Wattled crane, adult incubating. Photo by W. Tarboton. 7. Wattled crane, adults at nest. Photo by W. Tarboton. 8. Siberian cranes, adults taking off. Photo by G. W. Archibald. 9. White-naped cranes, adults in flight. Photo by Eizi Takabayashi, courtesy International Crane Foundation. 10. White-naped crane, adult male performing unison call. Photo by author. 11. White-naped cranes, adults dancing. Izumi, Japan. Photo by Eizi Takabayashi, courtesy International Crane Foundation. 12. Lesser sandhill cranes, adults landing at roost, Platte River, Nebraska. Photo by author. 13. Greater sandhill crane, territorial mating call. Grand Teton National Park. Photo by author. 14. Greater sandhill cranes, adult and juvenile in winter, New Mexico. Photo by author. 15. Whooping crane, juvenile plumage. Photo by author. 16. Whooping crane, adult female. Photo by author. 17. Japanese cranes, adults performing unison call. Photo by Iwamatzo, courtesy International Crane Foundation. 18. Japanese cranes, adults wintering in Demilitarized Zone, Korea. Photo by G. W. Archibald. 19. Japanese crane, adult in flight. Photo by William Gause, courtesy International Crane Foundation. 20. Hooded cranes, adults wintering in Kyushu, Japan. Photo by Eizi Takabayashi, courtesy International Crane Foundation. 21. Hooded cranes, adults wintering in Kyushu, Japan. Photo by Eizi Takabayashi, courtesy International Crane Foundation. 22. Hooded crane, adults at nest, USSR. Photo by Yuri Pukinskii. 23. Hooded crane, adult brooding young. Ussuriland, USSR. Photo by Yuri Pukinskii. 24. Black-necked cranes, adults in breeding habitat, Ladahk. Photo by Prakash Gole
Comparison of thread-cutting behaviour in three specialist predatory mites to cope with complex webs of Tetranychus spider mites
No full textAnti-predator defenses provided by complex webs of Tetranychus mites can severely impede the performance of generalist predatory mites, whereas this may not be true for specialist predatory mites. Although some specialist predatory mites have developed morphological protection to reduce the adverse effects of complex webs, little is known about their behavioral abilities to cope with the webs. In this study, we compared thread-cutting behavior of three specialist predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Neoseiulus womersleyi and N. californicus, exhibited inside the complex web of T. urticae. No major difference was observed among them in the basic pattern of this behavior, using chelicerae and palps, and in the number of silken threads severed while moving inside the web. These results and observations suggest that each predator species cut many sticky silken threads to move inside the complex web without suffering from serious obstructio
Disorder strength of benign (N = 20) and malignant (N = 20) tissues.
No full textDisorder strength of benign (N = 20) and malignant (N = 20) tissues.</p
A Study on QoE Improvement of Online Games with UDP Multipathization by SDN
No full textThis paper studies QoE improvement of Online games by applying the UDP/TCP multi-pathization method by SDN. The method can distribute packets for one stream to multiple paths by controlling the network with software with-out any new transport layer protocol. The author evaluates QoE for two actual online games using the multi-pathization method by experiments with subjects. The experimental results show the following. The authors show that multi-pathization by SDN is effective for online games. However, to further improve QoE, it is necessary to investigate and examine the packet length threshold that is appropriate for online games when distributing packets to each path
Anthocyanins act as a sugar-buffer and an alternative electron sink in response to starch depletion during leaf senescence: a case study on a typical anthocyanic tree species, Acer japonicum
No full textWe hypothesized that anthocyanins act as a sugar-buffer and an alternative electron sink during leaf senescence to prevent sugar-mediated early senescence and photoinhibition. To elucidate the role of anthocyanin, we monitored seasonal changes in photosynthetic traits, sugar, starch and N contents, pigment composition, and gene expression profiles in leaves exposed to substantially different light conditions within a canopy of an adult fullmoon maple (Acer japonicum) tree. Enhancement of starch amylolysis accompanied by cessation of starch synthesis occurred in the same manner independent of light conditions. Leaf sugar contents increased, but reached upper limits in the late stage of leaf senescence, even though leaf anthocyanins further increased after complete depletion of starch. Sun-exposed leaves maintained higher energy consumption via electron flow than shade-grown leaves during leaf N resorption. Thus, anthocyanins accumulated in sun-exposed leaves might have a regulative role as a sugar-buffer, retarding leaf senescence, and an indirect photoprotective role as an alternative sink for electron consumption to compensate declines in other metabolic processes such as starch and protein synthesis. In this context, anthocyanins may be key substrates protecting both outer-canopy leaves (against photoinhibition) and inner-canopy leaves (via shading by outer-canopy leaves) from high light stress during N resorption
Evolutionary Changes in Chlorophyllide a Oxygenase (CAO) Structure Contribute to the Acquisition of a New Light-harvesting Complex in Micromonas
No full textChlorophyll b is found in photosynthetic prokaryotes and primary and secondary endosymbionts, although their light-harvesting systems are quite different. Chlorophyll b is synthesized from chlorophyll a by chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO), which is a Rieske-mononuclear iron oxygenase. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of CAO among photosynthetic organisms elucidated changes in the domain structures of CAO during evolution. However, the evolutionary relationship between the light-harvesting system and the domain structure of CAO remains unclear. To elucidate this relationship, we investigated the CAO structure and the pigment composition of chlorophyll-protein complexes in the prasinophyte Micromonas. The Micromonas CAO is composed of two genes, MpCAO1 and MpCAO2, that possess Rieske and mononuclear iron-binding motifs, respectively. Only when both genes were introduced into the chlorophyll b-less Arabidopsis mutant (ch1-1) was chlorophyll b accumulated, indicating that cooperation between the two subunits is required to synthesize chlorophyll b. Although Micromonas has a characteristic light-harvesting system in which chlorophyll b is incorporated into the core antennas of reaction centers, chlorophyll b was also incorporated into the core antennas of reaction centers of the Arabidopsis transformants that contained the two Micromonas CAO proteins. Based on these results, we discuss the evolutionary relationship between the structures of CAO and light-harvesting systems
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