7,661 research outputs found
Combating stem and leaf rust of wheat: Historical perspective, impacts, and lessons learned
No full textmillions fed, food security, wheat rust, stem rust, leaf rust, Norman Borlaug,
Sources of resistance to yellow rust and stem rust in wheat-alien introgressions
No full textWheat is the staple food and the main source of caloric intake in most developing countries, and thereby an important source in order to maintain food security for the growing populations in those countries. Stem rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, and yellow rust P. striiformis f. sp. tritici of wheat continues to cause severe damage locally and globally, thereby contributing to food insecurity. In this paper biology and taxonomy of stem rust and yellow rust, breeding for resistance, utilization of resistance sources from different gene pools, molecular characterization and genetic dissection of resistance to rusts are discussed
Interrelations between citrus rust mite, Hirsutella thompsonii and greasy spot on citrus in Surinam
No full textCounts of citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashm.)) on leaves and fruit of citrus rose to a peak in the two dry seasons, the build up taking 4-5 weeks. It then decreased partly through infection by the entomogenous fungus Hirsutellathompsonii Fisher and partly through a decline in feed quality. The low counts in the wet seasons were associated with rain rather than humidity, temperature or infections by H. thompsonii. Spraying with suspensions of fragmented mycelium of H. thompsonii (mass concentration 0.5-1.0 g litre -1) prevented the build up of citrus rust mite.The severity of greasy spot (Stenella sp.) was positively correlated with counts of citrus rust mite. Defoliation of citrus trees after greasy spot infection was associated with high counts of mite.Control of citrus rust mite (with chlorobenzilate: mass concentration of a.i. 2 g litre -1at 500 litre ha -1) was warranted when 25% of fruit or 15% of leaves bore at least one mite per lens field (1.5 cm 2). Greasy spot could be controlled by preventing build-ups of citrus rust mite
Decision Support System for Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Management using QnD
No full textThe objective of this project is to design a decision support system for soybean rust management using gaming software that incorporates farmer's decision making in the face of risks from soybean rust. Learning from past actions and neighbor's actions are also incorporated. Farmers observe rust outbreak in the current and past periods and decide over how much of land to allocate between soybean, corn and other crops. This decision is influenced by maximization of expected profits criterion which entails crop rotation choices that are based upon perceived risks, yield drags and input costs from altering optimum rotation patterns. Adoption of new technology in terms of selecting better rust management practices is also analyzed in an adaptive management framework. The software meets the need of guiding policy formulation besides training stakeholders in making economically sound choices in the absence of empirical data over pest infestation.Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
Rust family collection, 1844-1913
No full textMost of the correspondence is written from Union County to General George Rust from his nephew Albert, his brothers William and Alfred, and his sister Elizabeth. The papers include correspondence relative to farming, family matters, slaves, and business affairs. Other materials include a slave price list, indenture of property sale, and a power of attorney document.; This collection was originally numbered H-15 and is part of the J. N. Heiskell Historical Collection, courtesy Arkansas Gazette Foundation.Rust family collection, 1844-191
ANTLR4 Rust Grammar Project, Comprehensive Documentation
No full textThe Sebasos01/antlr-rust-project aims to deliver a complete ANTLR4 grammar for the Rust programming language. This project addresses approximately 120 missing grammar patterns in previous grammars by iteratively refining the syntax rules. Using a corpus of ~3.5 million lines of Rust code from major projects (including Rust’s own compiler, an OS, a web framework, and a game engine), the grammar was extended to handle all valid Rust syntax. The result is an ANTLR4 grammar that can parse virtually any correct Rust source file, with only intentionally broken “compile-fail” test cases (used to ensure the Rust compiler rejects invalid code) being out of reach.
This report documents the project’s motivation, methodology, technical design, results, and guidance for users, which highlights how this contribution fills a long-standing gap in Rust’s tooling ecosystem. This work is part of a larger C to Rust transpiler effort: the first step completes the Rust ANTLR grammar; subsequent steps involve generalizations via an extended Concrete Syntax Tree (eCST), creation of intermediate representations using dataflows, and further transformations toward idiomatic Rust.Pregrad
Soziale Emotionsinduktion im Sport und deren Auswirkung auf die individuelle Leistung beim Lösen einer Gruppenaufgabe
No full textIn der Sportpsychologie gibt es bis anhin wenige Studien, welche sich mit dem Phänomen der sozialen Emotionsinduktion befassen (Reicherts & Horn, 2008). Die soziale Emotions-induktion ist ein Prozess, bei welchem der blosse emotionale Ausdruck einer Person ein emotionales Befinden bei einer anderen Person auslöst, welche diesen emotionalen Ausdruck wahrnimmt (McIntosh, Druckman & Zajonc, 1994). Von Apitzsch (2006) wird die soziale Emotionsinduktion in einem theoretischen Artikel als eine mögliche Ursache bezeichnet, warum es zu einem Kollaps von Teams im Sport kommen kann. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die beiden Fragestellungen, ob es beim Lösen einer sportbezogenen Aufgabe unter Teammitgliedern überhaupt zu sozialer Emotionsinduktion kommt und welche Auswirkungen sich daraus für die individuelle Leistung der Teammitglieder ergeben. Zu diesem Zweck wur-den zwei experimentelle Studien mit unterschiedlicher Methodik durchgeführt: Im ersten Experiment mit Between-Subjects Design wurden die Versuchsperson (N = 81, ♀ = 38, M = 21.33 Jahre, SD = 1.45) zufällig einer der beiden experimentellen Bedingungen zugeordnet, wobei sie auf einen Konfidenten trafen, mit welchem sie ein gleichgeschlechtliches Ad Hoc Team bildeten. Als Team mussten sie eine Basketballaufgabe so schnell wie möglich lösen. Der Zwischensubjekt-Faktor des experimentellen Designs was der emotionale Ausdruck des Konfidenten mit positiver oder negativer Valenz und der Innersubjekt-Faktor, das emotionale Befinden der Versuchspersonen, welches prä- und postexperimentell mit der Positive and Negative Affect Schedule erfasst wurde (PANAS: Krohne, Egloff, Kohlmann & Tausch, 1996). Die Zweiergruppe wurde beim Lösen der Basketballaufgabe auf Video aufgenommen und die Anzahl der Frames, welche die Versuchspersonen zur Aufgabenlösung brauchten, wurde als individuelles Leistungsmass verwendet. Im zweiten Experiment wurden dem Konfidenten drei Versuchspersonen (N = 78, ♀ = 33, M = 20.88 Jahre, SD = 1.64) zugeordnet und als Gruppe durchliefen sie beide experimentellen Bedingungen, womit es sich also um ein Within-Subjects Design handelte. Das prä- und postexperimentelle Befinden der Versuchspersonen wurde mit dem Mehrdimensionalen Befindlichkeitsfragebogen erfasst (MDBF: Steyer, Schwenkmezger, Notz & Eid, 1997). Es zeigte sich in beiden Experimenten, dass das emotionale Befinden der Konfidenten von den Versuchspersonen sowie von Videoratern als unterschiedlich zwischen den Bedingungen wahrgenommen wurde (Manipulation-Check). Auch wenn sich eine Tendenz für eine soziale Emotionsinduktion teilweise zeigte, waren die durchgeführten, messwiederholten Varianzanalysen, welche die Auswirkungen der beiden experimentellen Bedingungen auf die Veränderung des emotionalen Befindens der Versuchspersonen prüfen sollten, nicht signifikant. Die durchgeführten t-Tests zeigten überdies, dass sich die Leistung der Versuchspersonen nicht zwischen den beiden experimentellen Bedingungen unterschied. Mit den beiden durchgeführten Experimenten konnten somit die Ergebnisse anderer experimenteller Studien zur sozialen Emotionsinduktion in Gruppen nicht repliziert werden (z.B. Barsade, 2002). Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden abschliessend methodische Änderungen diskutiert, welche eine Verbesserung der Vorgehensweise bei der Erfassung der sozialen Emotionsinduktion in Gruppen beim Lösen einer sportbezogenen Aufgabe zur Folge hätten
Prospects for exploitation of disease resistance from Hordeum chilense in cultivated cereals
No full textHordeum chilense is a South American wild barley with high potential for cereal breeding given its high crossability with other members of the Triticeae. In the present paper we consider the resistance of H. chilense to several fungal diseases and the prospects for its transference to cultivated cereals. All H. chilense accessions studied are resistant to the barley, wheat and rye brown rusts, the powdery mildews of wheat, barley, rye and oat, to Septoria leaf blotch, common bunt and to loose smuts, which suggests that H. chilense is a non-host of these diseases. There are also lines resistant to wheat and barley yellow rust, stem rust and to Agropyron leaf rust, as well as lines giving moderate levels of resistance to Septoria glume blotch, tan spot and Fusarium head blight. Some H. chilense lines display pre-appressorial avoidance to brown rust. Lines differ in the degree of haustorium formation by rust and mildew fungi they permit, and in the degree to which a hypersensitive response occurs after haustoria are formed. Unfortunately, resistance of H. chilense to rust fungi is not expressed in tritordeum hybrids, nor in chromosome addition lines in wheat. In tritordeum, H. chilense contributes quantitative resistance to wheat powdery mildew, tan spot and loose smut. The resistance to mildew, expressed as a reduced disease severity, is not associated with macroscopically visible necrosis. Hexaploid tritordeums are immune to Septoria leaf blotch and to common bunt although resistance to both is slightly diluted in octoploid tritordeums. Studies with addition lines in wheat indicate that the resistance of H. chilense to powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch and common bunt is of broad genetic basis, conferred by genes present on various chromosomes
Results from factorial experiments testing amounts and times of granular N-fertilizer, late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer and fungicides to control mildew and brown rust on two varieties of spring barley at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1975–8
No full textExperiments with spring barley at Saxmundham, in each year from 1975 to 1978, compared two varieties (Julia v Wing), two amounts of granular N-fertilizer (50 v 100kg N/ha) and two times of applying it (seed bed v top-dressing), a liquid N-fertilizer spray (0 v 50 kg N/ha), mildew fungicides (with and without) and a rust fungicide (with and without), in factorial combination (26).
Leaf diseases were assessed and grain weighed and analysed for % N each year. Thousand-grain weights were measured in 1977 and 1978.
Yields were small in 1975 and 1976 because little rain fell in summer, but larger in 1977 and 1978, years with average rainfall.
Mildew was most severe in 1975 and least in 1978, brown rust most severe in 1975 and 1978 and practically absent in 1976. Granular N-fertilizer was best applied to the seed bed in all years, whether or not leaf diseases were controlled. Late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer increased yield less than equivalent amounts of seed-bed N, but increased % N in grain more. However, because they also decreased grain size, less of the N applied as a liquid was recovered by grain than was recovered from granules given earlier. The mildew fungicides increased yields by ca. 0·25 t/ha in 1975 and 1977, but decreased them in 1976. They had little or no effect on % N in grain, but increased grain size in 1977. The rust fungicide, benodanil, increased grain yields each year and especially in 1978 (0·37 t/ha). It had no effect on grain % N, but consistently increased grain size and so enhanced grain yield and N uptake.
RESP-0850
Bean rust
No full textTitle from PDF caption (viewed on August 3, 2017).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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