13,697 research outputs found
J. H. Fitzgerald
No full text"J.H. Fitzgerald QX51921 Darwin Infantry Bt[n] 19th Btn (AIF) [drawing of a bird]Krow".J.H. Fitzgerald QX51921. Darwin Infantry Battalion, 19th Battalion (Australian Imperial Forces) [drawing of a bird]Krow
Michelson, FitzGerald and Lorentz: the origins of relativity revisited
No full textIt is argued that an unheralded moment marking the beginnings of relativity theory occurred in 1889, when G. F. FitzGerald, no doubt with the puzzling 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment fresh in mind, wrote to Heaviside about the possible effects of motion on inter-molecular forces in bodies. Emphasis is placed on the difference between FitzGerald's and Lorentz's independent justifications of the shape distortion effect involved. Finally, the importance of the their `constructive' approach to kinematics---stripped of any commitment to the physicality of the ether--- will be defended, in the spirit of Pauli, Swann and Bell
Phthinia neptunei Fitzgerald & Kerr, n. sp.
No full textPhthinia neptunei Fitzgerald & Kerr n. sp. Figs. 30 –38 Type material. Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 30), complete specimen, point-mounted [specimen # 12 K 570; CSCA], USA: CA: Tulare Co.: Whitaker Forest, E. Eshom Crk. Drainage, nr. tree# 142, 36.7062 ºN, - 118.9319 ºW, 1650 masl, YPT, 3.vi– 16.vii. 2010 P. H. Kerr, CSCA 10 L 258. Paratypes: ♂ [SEMC], AK: No. 23, 22 mi. N. Seward, Kenai Peninsula, 1 July 1957, G.W. Byers; ♂ [CNCI], USA: AK: Seward, 26 VI– 18 VII 84, S. & J. Peck, Populus –Picea; ♂ [07Z 135; CSCA], USA: CA: Amador Co.: Indian Grinding Rock St. Pk., dry wash nr. S. Nature trail, MT#2, 38º 25 ’ N, 120 º 38 ’ W’, 715 masl, 10–29.vi. 2007 P. Kerr & M. Hauser, 07LOT 315; 4 ♂♂, ♀ [12 K 573 – 12 K575, 12K581, 12K 583; CSCA], USA: CA: Humboldt Co., Prairie Creek SP, Cal Barrel Rd., appx. 41.3830 ºN, 123.9985 ºW, 275 masl, 2.vi– 25.vii. 2009 P. Kerr & O. Lonsdale, 6m MT, CSCA 09L 521; ♂ [09E043; CASC], ♀ [12 K 569; CSCA], USA: CA: Humboldt Co., Patrick’s Point SP, redwood grove behind visitor center, 41 º08.11’N 124 º09.28’W, ~ 10 masl, 10.iv– 18.viii. 2008, P.Kerr, P.A. Nelson, CSCA 09L 117; ♂ [12 K 572; CSCA], USA: CA: Humboldt Co., Humboldt Bay NWR, Lanphere Dunes, MT# 3 (6m), ~ 6 masl, 40 º 53.421 ’N 124 º08.601’W, 10.iv– 18.viii. 2008 P. H. Kerr, P. Haggard, CSCA 09L 107; ♂ [12 K 712; CSCA], USA: CA: Humboldt Co., Humboldt Bay NWR, Lanphere Dunes, MT# 1 (6m), ~ 6 masl, 40 º 53.488 ’N 124 º08.580’W, 28.ix– 2.xi. 2007 P. H. Kerr, P. Haggard, 07LOT 636; ♂ [12 K 571; CSCA], USA: CA: Tulare Co., same as holotype; ♂, in alcohol [12 J 529; CSCA], USA: CA: Marin: Pt. Reyes NS, Mt Vision Rd, 1.8mi E SF Drake Blvd, 6m MT, 38.1013 ºN, - 122.8878 ºW, 280 masl, P. H. Kerr & C. J. Borkent, 13.iii– 1.v. 2012, CSCA 12 L023; ♂ [14 P027; CSCA] USA: CA: Sonoma Co., Annadel SP, 0.9mi from park lot, ravine near Warren Richardson trail, 38 º 26.11 ’N 122 º 36.67 ’W, 220 masl, 6m MT, 16.iii– 5.v. 2010 P. Kerr, CSCA 10 L011; ♂ [SFC], Benton Co., OR, Mary’s Peak, Hwy 30 @ Hwy 34, picnic area, 27 Sept. 2009, S. & G. Fitzgerald; ♂ [SFC], Benton Co., OR, Sulphur Springs, 6 Oct. 2009, S. &. G. Fitzgerald; ♂, ♀ [SFC], Multnomah Co., OR, 7 Sept. 2012, creek off E. Historic Columbia R. Hwy 1 mi. E. jct. 84 (exit 28), S.J. Fitzgerald; ♂ [SFC], Benton Co., OR, 3 Oct. 2012, Alsea Falls area, Fall Creek jct. trail 6, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [000015910; OSAC], Seattle, O.B.J.; ♀ [SFC], USA: OR: Benton Co., McDonald –Dunn Forest, Oak Creek bank, sweeping, 44.6041 ºN, - 123.3335 ºW, 1 Oct. 2012, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [SFC], USA: OR: Benton Co., Corvallis, Lewisburg Saddle, Old Growth trail, sweeping woods and creek, 44.6423 ºN, - 123.2891 ºW, 23 April 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [SFC], USA: OR: Lane Co., Alderwood State Park off Hwy 36, sweep woods, 44.1541 ºN, - 123.4242 ºW, 18 May 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [SFC], USA: OR: Benton Co., Mary’s Peak, upper Parker Creek nr. campground, 44.5087 ºN, - 123.5583 ºW, 1 June 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [ISUI], USA: OR: Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood Nat. For., Sandy R./Ramona Falls trailhead, ~ 45.3844 ºN, - 121.8332 ºW, 15 June 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [USNM], USA: OR: Benton Co., Corvallis, 1460 SW Allen St., 44.5509 ºN, - 123.2700ºW, 3 March 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [OSAC #0000770507], same as previous record except 9 April 2013; ♂ [SFC], same as previous record except 6 April 2013, barn window; ♂ [OSAC #0000770506], same as previous record except 29 March 2013, barn window; ♂ [SFC], same as previous record except 1 April 2013, barn window; ♂ [USNM], same as previous record except 31 March, 2013, barn window; ♂ [ISUI], same as previous record except 25 March 2013, barn window; ♂ [SFC], USA: OR: Klamath Co., Deschutes Nat. For., woods N. of Meek Lake, 29–31 Aug. 2013, 43.4652, - 122.0860, sweeping, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [SFC], USA: WA: Lewis Co., Tatoosh Range, FR 5270 ~mi. 5.6, woods and mossy rocks along Butler Creek, ~ 46.6927 ºN, - 121.7070 ºW, 17 June 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [CNCI], CANADA: BC: Pt. Grey, Vancouver, 15.8. 1972, J.R. Vockeroth; ♂ [CNCI], CANADA: BC: Pt. Grey, Vancouver, 8 VIII 1972, J.R. Vockeroth; ♂ [CNCI], CANADA: BC: Capilano 300m, N. Vancouver, 17 X 1972, J.R. Vockeroth. Additional material examined: ♂ [UCDC], Sagehen Crk, Nevada Co. CA, VII– 16–80 / R M Bohart Colr; ♂ [SFC], USA: OR: Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood Nat. For., S. side Sandy R. nr. jct. trails 770 & 2000, woods/hillside seeps, ~ 45.3897 ºN, - 121.8141 ºW, 14 June 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [CASC], CANADA: BC: Upper Carmanah Valley, UTM: 10 U CJ 803006, 12 VIII- 27 VIII 1991, N. Winchester, TZ.MT 3; ♂ [CASC], CANADA: BC: Upper Carmanah Valley, UTM: 10 U CJ 803006, 28 VIII- 9 IX 1991, N. Winchester, TZ.MT 1. FIGURE 31. P. neptunei n. sp., head and thorax [holotype male, # 12 K 570]. Scale bar = 0.1 mm • Etymology. This species is named after the Roman god of the sea, Neptune, as it is found patrolling the western edge of the Pacific states, from California to Washington, bearing a trident-shaped gonostylus. Diagnosis and comments. Phthinia neptunei n. sp. is most similar to P. hyrcanica Zaitzev (described from Azerbaijan), but is easily distinguished by the trifurcate versus bifurcate gonostylus, respectively. In the Nearctic region P. neptunei n. sp. is most similar to P. ramificans, but can be distinguished by the structure of the male terminalia. Both species have the gonostylus trilobate. However, in P. neptunei n. sp. the gonostylus is more compact, with three straight, apically acute, saber-like lobes projecting in roughly the same plane, which gives the impression of a trident or the thumb and two fingers of a hand with the palm facing up (Fig. 36). In contrast, the three lobes in P. ramif icans are quite different from each other; an elongate slightly outwardly-curving saber-like lobe apically, a shorter spatulate lobe basally, and a smaller, rather insignificant lobe, between the two (Figs. 39 –40, 42– 43; see also Zaitzev 1993: 36, Figs. 1–2). Additionally, P. neptunei has the apex of the gonocoxites adorned with numerous, inwardly-directed, strong, spine-like, setae (Fig. 37) whereas P. ramificans lacks such setae, and has the gonocoxites apically tapered and elongated into a spine-like lobe (Figs. 43, 40). In California and Oregon, where only P. neptunei and P. cascadica have been recorded, females of these two species can be distinguished by the different distribution of macrotrichia on the wing, the relative divergence of A 1 from the petiole of the cubital fork, and the presence/absence of posterior setae on the hind tibia (see couplet 1 in key). Description. Male. Body length: 5.4–6.6, 6.1 [6.6] mm (n= 10). Head. First flagellomere longer, about 1.5 times the length of flagellomere 2. Thorax. Laterotergite bare. Scutellum with 4 stronger bristles (although sometimes only 2–3 apparent and sometimes all setae are shorn off). Legs. First tarsomere of foreleg about 2.3 x length of foretibia, first tarsomere of midleg about 1.2 x as long as midtibia, and first tarsomere of hind leg about 0.7 x as long as hind tibia. Hind tibia with 7–10 minute anterior setae and 13–20 minute dorsal setae, and posterior setae absent (n= 4); midtibia also with a small number of minute anterior and dorsal setae. Wings (Fig. 32). Length: 3.7–4.5, 4.2 [4.3] mm (n= 10). Membrane densely covered with macrotrichia and microtrichia. C extending about 2 / 5 of the distance between R 5 and M 1; Rs about 1 / 5 length r-m; petiole of medial fork 2 / 5 – 2 / 3 length of r-m; medial fork complete though basal 2 / 3 of M 1 may be faint; A 1 running quite divergent from stem of CuA (Fig. 32). Abdomen. Terminalia (Figs. 33–37). Terminalia brown, not contrasting color of abdomen. Tergite 9 well developed (Fig. 35), basally narrowly fused with gonocoxites laterally. Cerci slender elongate, apically acute and each with a very strong seta apically (Fig. 35). Hypoproct small, posterior margin medially emarginate, forming a pair of small rounded, setose lobes ventral to cerci (Fig. 35). Gonocoxite developed beyond point of articulation of gonostylus into an apical (posteriorly directed) lobe bearing very strong, spine-like setae on inner (mesal) surface (Figs. 34, 36– 37). Gonostylus (Fig. 36) apically trifurcate; all lobes blade-like, apically acute, with longest blade anteriorly and shortest posteriorly; blade-like lobes dark-brown to black contrasting with lighter brown base of gonostylus. Paramere (Fig. 36) strongly sclerotized with four short, digitate, apically-rounded lobes. Aedegal complex small, apically tapered. Female. Body length: 6.0 mm (n= 1). Similar to male; terminalia as Fig. 38. FIGURS 38. P. neptunei n. sp., wing [paratype female, # 12 K 891]. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Discussion. A single male specimen in ANSP from Mt. Rainier, Washington labeled as the type of “ Phthinia nanicra Fisher ” was examined and found to be conspecific with P. neptunei n. sp. The male terminalia of this specimen had deteriorated into just fragments found embedded within a black tar-like mass (we were only able to identify a gonostylus and parameres from the fragments). The name “ nanicra ” is apparently a manuscript name used by Fisher though no associated manuscript of Fisher’s was found in the archives of ANSP or USNM. Bionomics. Phthinia neptunei n. sp. is known from western California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, and Alaska at elevations from 6m – 1706m. It has been collected from redwood forests in coastal California, from both coniferousconiferousous and mixed woods in Oregon, and from Populus –Picea woods in Alaska. Specimens have been taken on dunes, swept from undercut creek banks, taken in Malaise traps, and found resting on the inside of windows in an old barn. The seasonal distribution is March–November with the greatest number of records June–July.Published as part of Fitzgerald, Scott J. & Kerr, Peter H., 2014, Revision of Nearctic Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), pp. 301-325 in Zootaxa 3856 (3) on pages 316-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3856.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25169
Phthinia oliveirae Fitzgerald, n. sp.
No full textPhthinia oliveirae Fitzgerald n. sp. Figs. 3–4 Type material. Holotype: ♂ missing terminal flagellomeres of left antenna, glued directly to side of pin [CNCI], “ Puerto Cisnes, Aysén, CHILE, 15–28.II.61 ” / “ L. E. Pena ” / “ HOLOTYPE, Phthinia oliveirae Fitzgerald ” [red label], terminalia dissected. Diagnosis. Phthinia oliveirae can be distinguished from other Phthinia species by the following combination of characters: Sc long, reaching level of Rs distally; gonocoxite with a single distal (posterior) projection (Figs. 3– 4); gonostylus elongate, parallelogram-like, apically bifurcate, with apical anteriorly directed point visible in both dorsal and ventral view (Figs. 3–4), and black, posteriorly directed, apically acute tooth visible only in ventral view (Fig. 4). Description. Male. Body length: [approx. 5.0 mm] (n=1). Coloration. Light brown; abdomen and head slightly darker. Head. Ocelli not visible due to orientation of head/antennae. Fourteen elongate flagellomeres; first flagellomere longer, approx. 1.2 times the length of flagellomere 2. Thorax. Laterotergite bare. Scutellum with numerous short setae and 4 longer, stronger setae (the apical two longest and strongest). Legs. First tarsomere of foreleg approx. 2.1 times length of foretibia. Hind tibia with 1–2 minute anterior setae, 22–23 minute dorsal setae, and 4 minute posterior setae (n=1); Wings. [approx. 4.0 mm] (n=1). Membrane with macrotrichia; microtrichia also present between more widely spaced macrotrichia. Sc long; reaching level of Rs distally. C extending about 1/3 of the distance between Rs and M1; base of Rs just under 1/2 length r-m; r-m slightly shorter than stem of M; most of M1 weakly sclerotized and unpigmented (recognizable by crease and row of minute closely set setae present on other veins). A1 diverging only slightly from stem of CuA. Abdomen. Terminalia (Figs. 3–4). Terminalia concolorous with abdomen. Cerci short, lobate, apically rounded, with small setae. Hypoproct short, medially divided and cerci-like, narrowly rounded and densely setose apically. Gonocoxites ventrally partially subdivided by pair of sutures level with posteroventral border of ventromedially fused gonocoxites, thus forming gonocoxal subdivisions “Section 1” and “Section 2” as noted by Söli (1997) in some mycetophilids (Fig. 4). In dorsal and ventral views gonocoxites developed posteriorly beyond point of dorsal articulation of gonostylus into an apical, posteriorly-directed, medially-curved, digitate, setose lobe (Figs. 3–4). In dorsal view, gonocoxites with a small, narrow, dorsomedially-curved, black-tipped, spine arising on small rounded lobe just dorsal to articulation point of gonostylus and a larger, short, stout, broad, black, medially-directed tooth arising on the median surface of the gonocoxite just anterior to the articulation point of gonostlyus (Fig. 3). Gonostylus elongate, parallelogram-like, apically bifurcate, with apical anteriorly directed point visible in both dorsal and ventral view (Figs. 3–4), and black, posteriorly directed, apically acute tooth visible only in ventral view (Fig. 4). Parameres a pair of thin, weakly-sclerotized, elongate, apically rounded, slightly divergent lobes ventral to hypoproct. Ventral to parameres, aedeagal complex subquadrate. Posterolateral edges of epandrium (T9) broadly rounded, without strong posteriorly-directed digitate lobes; sclerite relatively short with broad U-shaped posterior margin (Fig. 3). Female. Unknown. Comments. Phthinia oliveirae is most similar to P. furcata Freeman and will key to this species in the key to Neotropical Phthinia in Oliveira & Amorim (2010), but can be distinguished by the differences in the structure of the gonostylus. The gonostylus of P. furcata is simple, digitate, apically rounded (Freeman 1951, fig. 108), whereas the gonostylus of P. oliveira is stouter, parallelogram-like, apically bifurcate. Etymology. The specific epithet honors Sarah Siqueira Oliveira for her contributions to our knowledge of Neotropical Sciaroidea.Published as part of Fitzgerald, Scott J., 2017, Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): new species and records from the Neotropical and Oriental regions, pp. 107-113 in Zootaxa 4231 (1) on page 110, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/29359
Phthinia cascadica Fitzgerald & Kerr, n. sp.
No full text<i>Phthinia cascadica</i> Fitzgerald & Kerr n. sp. <p>Figs. 1–8</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype</b>: ♂ (Fig. 1) [specimen #12K577; CSCA], missing right front leg, otherwise complete, point-mounted, USA: CA: Humboldt Co., Prairie Creek SP, Cal Barrel Rd., appx. 41.3830ºN, - 123.9985ºW, 275masl, 2.vi–25.vii.2009, P. Kerr & O. Lonsdale, 6m MT, CSCA 09L521. <b>Paratypes</b>: ♂ [09C884; CSCA], USA, Ore., Josephine Co., small trib. of Josephine Ck, above USFS Rd 4201 Xing, 42°14.168'N 123°42.055'W, MT 475m, 22 May–1 Jun 2009, GW Courtney, CSCA 09L406; 8 ♂♂, ♀ [12K576–12K582, 12K584, 12K892; CSCA], USA: CA: Humboldt Co., Prairie Creek SP, Cal Barrel Rd., appx. 41.3830ºN, - 123.9985ºW, 275masl, 2.vi–25.vii.2009 P. Kerr & O. Lonsdale, 6m MT, CSCA 09L521; ♂ in alcohol [10F479; CASC], USA: CA: Del Norte Co, Six Rivers NF, For Route 16N02, nr. Bear Basin Outlk, 41.8016ºN, 123.7369ºW, 1500masl, 3.vi–4.vii.2009 P. H. Kerr & O. Lonsdale, 6m MT, CSCA 09L526; ♂ [13M447; CSCA] USA: CA: Marin: Pt. Reyes N Seashore; Mt Vision Rd, 1.8 mi E SF Drake Blvd, 6m MT, 38.1013ºN, - 122.8878ºW, P. H. Kerr, C. Borkent 1.v–4.vii.2012 CSCA 12L079; ♂ [ISUI], Linn Co., OR, McDowell Creek Falls, 18 Oct. 2009, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [OSAC #0000770505], USA: OR: Benton Co., Corvallis, SW Allen St., sweeping over log pile, 44.5472ºN, - 123.2698ºW, 16 Nov. 2012, S. Fitzgerald; 2♀♀ [1 OSAC #0000770504, 1 USNM], USA: OR: Benton Co., Alsea Falls area, Fall Creek jct. trail 6, 44.3199ºN - 123.4899ºW, 17 Oct. 2012, S. Fitzgerald; ♀ [SFC], Benton Co., OR, 1460 SW Allen St., Corvallis, 23 Nov.– 6 Dec. 2009, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [SFC], USA: OR: Benton Co., Mary’s Peak, upper Parker Creek nr. campground, 44.5087ºN, - 123.5583ºW, 1 June 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♂, [SFC], Multnomah Co., OR, off E. Historic Columbia R. Hwy 1 mi. E. jct. 84 (exit 28), ca. 45.5672 -1221578, 18 Sept.–23 Oct. 2013, S.J. Fitzgerald, Malaise trap; ♀ [SFC], USA: OR Benton Co., OR, 1460 SW Allen St., Corvallis, 44.5509ºN, - 123.2700ºW, pupa suspended by threads on white encrusting fungus on underside of rotten log under canopy of maple, elm, and cherry, 31 Oct. 2013, emerged 3 Nov. 2013, S. Fitzgerald; ♀ [SFC], USA: OR Benton Co., OR, 1460 SW Allen St., Corvallis, 44.5509ºN, - 123.2700ºW, 8 Nov. 2013, porch light, S. Fitzgerald; ♂ [CNCI], CANADA: BC: Capilano 300m, N. Vancouver, 17 X 1972, J.R. Vockeroth. <b>Additional material:</b> 4 ♂♂ [CASC], CANADA: British Columbia: Upper Carmanah Valley, 21 VI-7 VII 1991, N. Winchester, CC.MT5; 4 ♂♂ [CASC], CANADA: British Columbia: Upper Carmanah Valley, 21 VI-7 VII 1991, N. Winchester, TZ.MT5.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named after the bioregion (and proposed country) Cascadia, known for its rich natural heritage and environmental sensibilities.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis and comments.</b> <i>Phthinia cascadica</i> can be distinguished from all other <i>Phthinia</i> by the stronglydeveloped, digitate, posteriorly-directed, posterodorsal lobes of the gonocoxites which are unique within the genus. The only other taxon with distinctly dorsal lobes on the gonocoxites is <i>P. parafurcata</i> Oliveira & Amorim (described from Chile), but the dorsal lobes in this species are mesally-, rather than posteriorly-directed. In California and Oregon, where only <i>P. neptunei</i> <b>n. sp.</b> and <i>P. cascadica</i> <b>n. sp.</b> have been recorded, females of the two species can be distinguished by the different distribution of macrotrichia on the wing, the relative divergence of A1 from the petiole of the cubital fork, and the presence/absence of posterior setae on the hind tibia (see couplet 1 in key). Based on a single specimen collected in 2012 from Pt. Reyes National Seashore (Marin Co., California), we believe there may be another species of <i>Phthinia</i> that is very closely related to <i>P. c a s c ad i c a</i>. However more specimens are needed to confirm this and document its morphology adequately for proper diagnosis and taxonomic publication.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Male. Body length: 6.2–8.4, 7.4 [7.6] mm (n=8). <i>Head</i>. First flagellomere longer, approx. subequal the length of flagellomere 2. <i>Thorax</i> (Fig. 2). Laterotergite with several setae. Scutellum with 4 stronger bristles (although sometimes only 2–3 apparent and sometimes all setae are shorn off). <i>Legs.</i> First tarsomere of foreleg approx. 2.5 times length of foretibia, first tarsomere of midleg approx. 1.7 times as long as midtibia, and first tarsomere of hind leg approx. 0.7 times as long as hind tibia. Apex of hind tibia with apex ventrally produced into a keel-like point bearing the outer tibial spur apically. Hind tibia with 2–6 minute anterior setae, 17–27 minute dorsal setae, and 8–10 minute posterior setae (N=2); midtibia also with a small number of minute anterior and dorsal setae. <i>Wings</i> (as Fig. 3). 4.2–5.5, 5.0 [5.3] mm (n=8). Membrane with macrotrichia; microtrichia also present between more widely spaced macrotrichia. C extending about 1/3 of the distance between R5 and M1; Rs about 1/4 length r-m; r-m subequal to slightly longer than stem of M; medial fork complete; M1 distinct basally. A1 diverging only slightly from stem of CuA. (Fig. 3). <i>Abdomen.</i> Terminalia (Figs. 4–7). Terminalia beige-brown to light brown, contrasting with darker color of abdomen. Cerci short, lobate, apically rounded with small setae. Hypoproct about as long as wide, much longer than more dorsally situated cerci (Figs. 4, 6); posterior margin with a broad, shallow, v-shaped emargination. In dorsal view (Fig. 6), gonocoxite developed dorsally beyond point of articulation of gonostylus into an apical (posteriorly directed) digitate, apically rounded, setose lobe devoid of strong spine-like setae. Gonostylus with five lobes (Figs. 5, 7); two mesally-directed lobes, one apically-directed lobe, and two spine-like posteriorly-directed lobes (the latter best seen in ventral view, Fig. 7); the former three lobes are less sclerotized, more or less apically rounded, and covered with setae over most of surface; apically-directed lobe with strong setae. The two strong, subequal, spine-like, posteriorly-directed lobes are primarily bare and setose only basally (Figs. 4, 7). In ventral view, aedeagal complex protruding ventromedially beyond ventromedian margin of gonocoxites; triangular, apically acute (Fig. 7).</p> <p> <i>Female.</i> Similar to male; terminalia as Fig. 8.</p> <p> <b>Bionomics.</b> <i>Phthinia cascadica</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is recorded from about 38ºN latitude California north to Vancouver British Columbia with all records in the extreme western parts of the these states/provinces (while we did not examine any specimens from Washington, this species undoubtedly occurs there). Specimens have been collected nearly at sea level, up to 1,097 m, in habitats including coniferous woodlands (including coastal redwood forests in northern California), and mixed woods in semi-wild open spaces on the edges of towns. As noted in the introductory bionomics section, this species was reared from a pupa found suspended by threads in a hollow cavity on the underside of a rotten deciduous log, with the overhead canopy being made up of Big Leaf Maple, Elm, and Cherry trees; the lower surface of the rotten log, including the small hollow in which the pupa was suspended, was covered with a white encrusting fungus. Considering the records, it seems likely that the species is at home in coniferous or deciduous woods as long as an appropriate fungal host can be located. Adults have been swept from a log pile (mix of coniferous and deciduous logs), taken in Malaise traps, and attracted to a porch light. The seasonal distribution is late May–July and September–December (the majority of these fall records occurring within October–November).</p>Published as part of <i>Fitzgerald, Scott J. & Kerr, Peter H., 2014, Revision of Nearctic Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), pp. 301-325 in Zootaxa 3856 (3)</i> on pages 305-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3856.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/251697">http://zenodo.org/record/251697</a>
Grzegorzekia kerri Fitzgerald 2019, n. sp.
No full textGrzegorzekia kerri Fitzgerald n. sp. Figs. 1–6, 11 Diagnosis. The combination of the presence of a mid-tibial sense organ (Fig. 6), abdominal tergites with narrow pale posterior bands (Fig. 1), and the structure of the terminalia (Figs. 3–5) will distinguish males of G. kerri n. sp. from all congeners. Females can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: abdominal tergites with narrow pale posterior bands (females of G. collaris may have pale coloration only at the anterolateral areas of some or all of tergites 2–7) and sternite 8 medially longitudinally divided and apically lobate with strong spine-like setae (Fig. 11). Description. Male. Body length: approx. 4.0 [4.0] mm (n=2). Head. Brown with thin grey pollinosity and short brown setae. Three ocelli, lateral ocelli slightly less than or equal to their diameter distant from the eye margin. Antennae ~ 1.5 times as long as head + thorax. Pedicel and scape short, thick, beige and brown, scape with grey pollinosity. Fourteen elongate, dark brown flagellomeres shortening distally, basal flagellomere five times as long as wide. Thorax brown, scutum matte dark brown with grey pollinosity both laterally and forming narrow longitudinal median and dorsocentral stripes converging posteriorly. Short, brown acrostichal and dorsocentral setae and longer, darker, lateral setae present. Pleura brown, with beige highlights and thin grey pollinosity. Antepronotum with setae, propleuron and pleural sclerites, including laterotergite and mediotergite, bare. Legs. Femora beige-brown, tibia light brown, but slightly darker than femora, tarsi brown. Mid tibia slightly swollen just basal to half way point with a thin whitish elongate sensory area along dorsal surface (Fig. 6). Legs without strong setae, fore tibia without macrosetae, mid tibia with several tiny anterior setae, hind tibia with or without several tiny anterior and dorsal setae. Hind basitarsus slender, elongate, parallel-sided, approximately twenty-one times as long as wide. Tibial spurs 1:2:2. Tarsal claw with a basal tooth, empodia undeveloped. Wing (Fig. 2). 5.5–6.0 [6.0 mm] (n=2). Hyaline with dark maculae in the following areas: around radial cell, base of Rs, r-m, and stem of M, along length of CuA, and along all longitudinal veins starting at apical third of wing (on apical third of wing, pale areas between veins (as Fig. 2) are sometimes more infuscated leaving only very narrow pale areas). Veins brown, all with dorsal setae except: Sc (sometimes bare, sometimes with a few setae), base Rs, R 2+3, base and stem of M, CuP (either bare or with a few setae). Sc ending before base of Rs, sc-r ending near apex of Sc, but before level of posterior fork. Radial cell rectangular, R 4+5 distinctly bowed distally. Stem M more than twice as long as r-m. Posterior fork beginning basal to level of medial fork, arising just before level of base of r-m, base of M 4 often weak or detached at fork. Abdomen. Brown with narrow, bright-beige band on posterior edge of tergites 2–7, bands becoming interrupted medially on posterior tergites. Terminalia (Figs. 3–5). Tergite nine broader than long with broad shallow v-shaped emargination on posterior edge (Fig. 5). In lateral view, gonocoxite section II tapered to a single rounded lobe with an apicodorsal comb of closely-set spine-like setae. Aedeagus, paramere, and aedeagal guide very large, dominating terminalia in ventral view (Fig. 3) and strongly projecting anteroventrally in lateral view (Fig. 4). Aedeagus triangular in ventral view. Paramere with broad rounded lateral lobes in ventral view and paired posteriorly directed median keel (Figs. 3–4). Gonocoxal lobes thin, curved, apically acute, sickle-like, with several long setae apically (Fig. 3–4). Gonostylus absent. Gonocoxite section I essentially bare of setae, broad in lateral view (Fig. 4), narrower and strap-like in ventral view (Fig. 3). Gonocoxite section III a pair of small curved, digitate, apically setose lobes closely associated with gonocoxal apodeme (Fig. 4). Cerci fleshy, apically rounded-truncate with setae. Hypoproct not strongly developed; a pair of small, fleshy, setose, digitate lobes ventral to cerci. Female. Similar to male except as follows. Body 5.0 mm (n=1), wing 5.5 mm (n=1). Mid-tibial organ absent. Cerci beige, basal segment elongate, rectangular, apical segment small, rounded. Sternite 8 longitudinally divided medially, posteromedial edge of sternite prolonged into a pair of apically truncate lobes (one lobe on either side of the medial cleft) each bearing numerous spine-like setae (Fig. 11). Biology. The Oregon sites where adults of G. kerri have been collected are best characterized as low elevation patches of mixed woods, interspersed with areas cleared for pasture, agriculture, and residential development (Willamette Valley Ecoregion). All Oregon sites included Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana Douglas; see biology section of G. quercus n. sp.). The four California specimens were collected in Malaise traps in wooded areas (Peter Kerr, pers. comm.). In contrast to Palearctic congeners which, based on published records, appear to be active during the summer months, G. kerri n. sp. has been collected primarily during the fall and winter (November–February, with two records from a March–April Malaise trap) which makes up part of Oregon’s lengthy rainy season. Most of the collected specimens were taken by UV light or Malaise trap. If the species and/or genus is crepuscular, or even nocturnal, this might account for why members of this genus are uncommonly hand-collected. Distribution. Presently known only from Oregon and California. Etymology. The specific epithet honors my colleague and friend Dr. Peter Kerr whose consistently high-quality work and fantastic photographs have greatly improved our knowledge of western Nearctic fungus-gnats. Furthermore, Peter has been a great support to the author’s studies of the group. Type Material. Holotype: Male (Fig. 1), point-pinned [CNCI], USA: Oregon: Benton Co., Corvallis, 1460 SW Allen Street, 44.5509 N, - 123.2700 W, 17 Nov. 2012, S. Fitzgerald [white label] / HOLOTYPE, Grzegorzekia kerri Fitzgerald [red label], terminalia dissected. Paratypes: USA: California: 1 male, 09E190 [in alcohol, CSCA], Amador Co., Indian Grinding Rock St. Pk., firebreak nr. envtl camp, MT3, 38º25.7’ N, 120º38.6’ W’, 715masl, 26.ii–3.iv.2008 P.H. Kerr, CSCA08 L334; 2 males, 08A176 [in alcohol, CSCA], 10F753 [pinned, CSCA], Sonoma Co., Annadel SP, 0.9mi from park lot, Richardson trail, 38º26.11’N 122º36.67’W 220masl, 6m MT, 29.xi.2007 – 10.i.2008 P.H. Kerr, 07LOT762; 1 male, 08A149 [pinned, CSCA], Sonoma Co., Annadel SP, Two Quarry trail, 0.5km from White Oak Dr. entrance, 38º26.11’N 122º36.67’W 220masl, 29.xi.2007 – 10.i.2008 P.H. Kerr; Oregon: 1 male [JSL-UOC], same data as HT except 19 Nov. 2012; 3 males, 4 females [SFC], same data as HT except 3 Dec.–7 Feb. 2018, S. Fitzgerald, MT078; 2 females [SFC], same data as HT except 44.550867, -123.270537, 7 Feb.–24 March 2018, S. Fitzgerald, MT081; 1 male [SFC], same except 3 Nov.–3 Dec. 2017, MT075; 1 male, 2 females [SFC], Benton Co., Corvallis, 3430 NW Deer Run St., 44.601571, -123.314098, 23 Dec. 2017 – 7 Feb. 2018, S. Fitzgerald, MT079; 8 males, 3 females [SFC], same as previous except 3 Nov.–3 Dec. 2017, MT076; 2 males [SFC], same except 12 Mar.–20 April 2018, MT082; 1 male, 2 females [SFC], Benton Co., Corvallis, oak woods S. of MLK Jr. park, 11 Oct.–3 Dec. 2017, 44.587000, -123.315031, S. Fitzgerald, MT081; 1 male [OSAC _0001001429], Benton Co., Philomath, Woods Creek, 44º35’N 123º25’ W, 100m, 12 Dec. 1998, UV light, leg. AVZ Brower; 2 males [OSAC _0001001430, 0001001431], Benton Co., Blakesley Creek, 44º36.5’N 123º23’W, 300m, 6 Jan. 2002, UV light, leg. AVZ Brower/DD Judd; 1 male [OSAC _0001001433], 1 female [OSAC _0001001432], same except 8 Jan.; 2 males [OSAC _0001001434, 0001001435], same except 10 Jan.; 1 male [OSAC _0001001436], same except 10 Feb.; 1 male [OSAC _0001001437], same except 24 Nov. 2000; 1 male [OSAC _0001001438], same except 5 Feb. 2001; 1 male [OSAC _0001001439], same except 16 Nov. 2001.Published as part of Fitzgerald, Scott J., 2019, The Nearctic species of Grzegorzekia Edwards (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), pp. 163-174 in Zootaxa 4623 (3) on pages 164-165, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/325349
Amerikeroplatus Fitzgerald 2019, n. gen.
No full textAmerikeroplatus n. gen. Type species. Amerikeroplatus dimorphicus n. sp., here designated. Diagnosis. The following combination of characters will distinguish the genus Amerikeroplatus from all other Keroplatidae. A medium-sized (6–8 mm) keroplatid with unmarked wings, one-segmented palpus, 14 unmodified moniliform antennal flagellomeres, 3 ocelli, tibial microsetae irregularly arranged, tibial spurs 1:2:2, laterotergite and mediotergite bare, distinct membranous area below scutellum absent, posterior prostigmatic setae present, anterior prostigmatic setae absent, Sc long and ending in C, crossvein r-m usually present (Figs. 4a–b), but when absent, either very short radiomedial fusion (R S +M) present (Fig. 4c), or bm-cu, base Rs, R 4+5, and stem of M all meeting at a central point forming a clean “X.” R 2+3 absent, basal cell not reduced, crossvein bm-cu oblique, stem of M long, CuP long and reaching wing edge. Etymology. The generic name is derived from a combination of America, referring to the distribution, and Keroplatus Bosc, the genus from which the family name is derived. Gender is masculine.Published as part of Fitzgerald, Scott J., 2019, A curious new genus of Keroplatini (Diptera: Keroplatidae) from Guatemala, pp. 383-390 in Zootaxa 4586 (2) on page 384, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4586.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/264442
Fitzgerald, L N, NX72865
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/385286Surname: FITZGERALD. Given Name(s) or Initials: L N. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: NX72865. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 47801.234758
Item: [2016.0049.17579] "Fitzgerald, L N, NX72865
Phthinia meicigama Fitzgerald & Kerr, n. sp.
No full textPhthinia meicigama Fitzgerald & Kerr n. sp. Figs. 14–19 Type material. Holotype: ♂ (Fig. 14) point-mounted on pin [SEMC], “ USA: MI: Gogebic Co., # 1 VIII– 6–1950, G.W. Byers” / “ HOLOTYPE 13 N 276, Phthinia meicigama ♂, Fitzgerald & Kerr, 2014 ” [red label], terminalia dissected. Etymology. “ Meicigama ” is an Algonquian Chippewa Indian word that roughly translates to “great water” in reference to the Great Lakes region of northern Michigan, where this species was collected. It is also believed to be the origin of the state name “Michigan.” Phthinia meicigama is known only from Gogebic County Michigan on the peninsula that lies between Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, and the specific epithet honors the natural features and the cultural history of this region. Diagnosis and comments. Phthinia meicigama is most similar to the Palearctic species P. congenita Plassmann, but differs by having the median lobe of the gonostylus simple (Figs. 16–19) rather than bilobate (Plassmann 1984, Fig. 4). In the Nearctic region P. meicigama n. sp. is most similar to P. lobata, as both taxa have only a single spine on the gonostylus. However, P. meicigama n. sp. lacks the apically spatulate lobe on the inner surface of the gonostylus that is distinctive in P. lobata. Description. Male (Fig. 14). Entirely light brown. Body length: [6.8] mm (n= 1). Head. First flagellomere longer, approximately 1.25 times the length of flagellomere 2. Thorax. Laterotergite haired. Scutellum with 4 stronger bristles (all but one shorn off in holotype, but setal size inferred from size of remaining setal sockets). Legs. First tarsomere of foreleg about 2.4 x length of foretibia, first tarsomere of midleg about 1.4 x as long as midtibia, and first tarsomere of hind leg about 0.7 x as long as hind tibia. Hind tibia with 20–23 minute anterior setae, 38–45 minute dorsal setae (n= 1), and 12 minute posterior setae (n= 1); midtibia also with minute setae. Wings. Length: [4.9] mm (n= 1). Membrane with macrotrichia; microtrichia present and easily distinguishable between more widely spaced macrotrichia. C extending a little less than 1 / 4 of the distance between R 5 and M 1; Rs about 1 / 4 length r-m; medial fork complete; M 1 not faint basally; stem of medial fork subequal in length to r-m. A 1 diverging only slightly from stem of CuA. Abdomen. Terminalia (Figs. 15–19) previously dissected making color indeterminable. Cerci short, apically narrowly rounded, and with several setae apically (Fig. 17). Hypoproct small, posterior margin medially emarginate, forming a pair of setose lobes ventral to cerci. Gonostylus articulating at posterior apex of gonocoxite (Figs. 18–19); gonostylus apically bifurcate, the outer lobe elongate, spine-like, apically acute, and the inner lobe broader, irregularly-shaped, setose, lacking an additional spoon-shaped lobe. In dorsal view, aedeagal complex triangular, apically acute (Fig. 18). Posteroventral margin of gonocoxites with median, mound-like, apically bifurcate hypandrial lobe (Fig. 19). Female. Unknown.Published as part of Fitzgerald, Scott J. & Kerr, Peter H., 2014, Revision of Nearctic Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), pp. 301-325 in Zootaxa 3856 (3) on pages 311-313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3856.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25169
Phthinia amorimi Fitzgerald, n. sp.
No full text<i>Phthinia amorimi</i> Fitzgerald n. sp. <p>Figs. 1–2</p> <p> <b>Type material. Holotype</b>: ♂ missing left front leg, glued directly to side of pin [CNCI], “Puerto Cisnes, 72°40’W. 44°45’S. Aysén, CHILE 1–15.II.61. Pena.” / “ HOLOTYPE, <i>Phthinia amorimi</i> Fitzgerald ” [red label], terminalia dissected. <b>Paratypes:</b> 1♂ [SFC], same data as holotype; 2 ♂♂ [CNCI], same data as holotype except 16– 28.II.1961.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Phthinia amorimi</i> can be distinguished from other <i>Phthinia</i> species by the following combination of characters: Sc short, not reaching level of Rs distally, ending just short of base of r-m; gonocoxites developed posteriorly beyond point of articulation of gonostylus into a pair of apically narrowly rounded, posteriorly-directed setose lobes, each with a large, strong, triangular medially-directed, dark, tooth (Figs. 1–2); gonostylus elongate, apically bifurcate, the more anterior lobe apically rounded and spatulate, and the more posterior lobe fluted and complex (Figs. 1–2).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Male. Body length: approx. 4.5–6.0, 5.2 [4.5] mm (n=4). <i>Coloration</i>. Light brown; abdomen and head darker brown. <i>Head</i>. Three ocelli. Fourteen elongate flagellomeres; first flagellomere longer, approx. 1.3 times the length of flagellomere 2. <i>Thorax</i>. Laterotergite setose. Scutellum with numerous short setae and 2 longer, stronger setae apically. <i>Legs.</i> First tarsomere of foreleg approx. 2.3 times length of foretibia. Hind tibia with 1–5 minute anterior setae, 28–38 minute dorsal setae, and no posterior setae (n=4). <i>Wings</i>. 3.8–4.2, 4.0 [3.8 mm] (n=4). Membrane with dense macrotrichia and microtrichia. Sc short; not reaching level of Rs distally, ending just short of base of r-m. C extending about 1/4–1/3 of the distance between Rs and M1; r-m about 2.5 times as long as base of Rs; r-m slightly longer than stem of M (stem of M about 2/3 length of r-m); most of M1 weakly sclerotized and unpigmented (recognizable by crease and row of minute closely set setae present on other veins). A1 divergent from stem of CuA; distance between apex of A1 and CuA subequal to length of M stem. <i>Abdomen.</i> Terminalia (Figs. 1– 2). Terminalia concolorous with abdomen to slightly lighter brown than abdomen. Cerci short, lobate, apically rounded, with small setae. Hypoproct short, medially divided and cerci-like, broadly rounded and densely setose apically. Gonocoxites ventrally entire (not partially subdivided by pair of sutures as in <i>P. oliveirae</i>) (Fig. 2). In dorsal and ventral views gonocoxites developed posteriorly beyond point of articulation of gonostylus into a pair of apically narrowly rounded, posteriorly-directed setose lobes, each with a large, strong, triangular mediallydirected, dark, tooth (Figs. 1–2). Gonostylus elongate, apically bifurcate, the more anterior lobe apically rounded and spatulate, and the more posterior lobe fluted and complex (Figs. 1–2). Parameres a pair of thin, weaklysclerotized, narrow, elongate, apically acute, divergent, saber-like lobes ventral to hypoproct (Fig. 1). Aedeagal complex not easily distinguishable. Posterolateral edges of epandrium (T9) broadly rounded, without strong posteriorly-directed digitate lobes; T9 with a V-shaped cleft posteromedially that nearly subdivides sclerite (Fig. 1).</p> <p> <i>Female.</i> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> <i>Phthinia amorimi</i> is most similar to <i>P. urubici</i> Oliveira & Amorim, and <i>P. theresae</i> Oliveira & Amorim, from Brazil, and will key to couplet six (<i>P. urubici</i> / <i>P. theresae</i>) in the key to Neotropical species provided by Oliveira & Amorim (2010). However, the shape of the apically bifurcate gonostylus is quite different in <i>P. amorimi</i>, as is the presence of the large black triangular medially-directed tooth on the inner surface of the gonocoxites (Figs 1–2). It is interesting to note that the structure of the terminalia and wing venation of <i>P. amorimi</i> allies this species with the two Brazilian species rather than any of the species currently known from Chile.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet honors Dalton de Souza Amorim for his work on numerous groups of Bibionomorpha and his contribution, both as a researcher and teacher, to the advancement of Neotropical Dipterology.</p>Published as part of <i>Fitzgerald, Scott J., 2017, Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae): new species and records from the Neotropical and Oriental regions, pp. 107-113 in Zootaxa 4231 (1)</i> on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4231.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/293596">http://zenodo.org/record/293596</a>
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