1,720,954 research outputs found
Effect of ohmic heating treatment on rheological and textural properties of acid milk gels
No full textHeat treatment is commonly applied in the manufacturing of yogurt to pasteurize milk and to change the milk composition properties to improve the quality. Ohmic heating is an alternative fast methods for food products in which heat is internally generated within food ingredients by the passage of an alternative electric current. The scope of this study is assessing the effects of ohmic heating thermal treatment on rheological and textural properties of acid milk gels formed by the hydrolysis of glucono-d-lactone. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimal preheat treatment condition for acid milk gels manufacturing. Gels were formed from raw milk, which had been ohmically heated at different voltage gradient (20-210 V/cm) from 20°C to temperatures of 45-90 °C for different holding times (2-30 minu). The rheological properties of these gels were determined using dynamic low-amplitude oscillation in the Thermo Scientific Haake Mars II Rheometer. The large deformation properties were studied using a Texture Analyzer XT.Plus (Stable Micro Systems Ltd. UK). Effect of ohmic heating on pH and time of gelation onset, rate of gelation and structure strength of the final gel were determined, optimized and results were compared to those of conventional preheating at 90°C for 30 min
Effect of Ohmic Heating on the Formation and Texture of Acid Milk Gels
No full textThis study aimed to describe the effects of ohmic heat treatment (OHT) of milk on the formation and properties of acid milk gels. The influence of voltage gradient (25, 40, 55 V/cm), holding time (2, 16, 30 min), and final temperature (45, 65, 75, 85 °C) on rheological properties and particle size distribution was measured during the gelation process. Texture properties and syneresis of the samples were evaluated at the end of the gelation process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the acid milk gels were also taken at pH 4.6(i.e., pI or Isoelectric point of casein). Results indicated that oscillatory time sweep tests were more accurate than particle size measurements in detecting gelation onset. Complex modulus values of the final gel showed that OHT of the milk at 25 V/cm and holding at 85 °C for 16 min gave rise to a 21% higher structural strength compared to when using the conventional heat treatment (CHT) where temperature was 85 °C and holding time and come up time were 30 and 20 min respectively. In other words, by using the OHT milk, the same gel strength as that of CHT 85 °C sample was obtained by spending 185 min instead of 328 min incubation time (i.e., 40% less time). Higher voltage gradient lowered the final gel strength when temperature and holding time kept constant at 85 °C and 16 min respectively. Results indicated that the gel firmness enhanced and the amount of syneresis decreased when CHT was replaced by OHT in the manufacturing process. SEM revealed that the protein matrices of ohmic heating samples appeared to be more compact and denser with smaller pore size than observed
in the conventional gel. Results indicated that OHT of milk successfully improves the quality of acid milk gels and obviate the need for increasing dry matter concentration or using additives
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
