1,720,961 research outputs found
Rising melanoma incidence in an Italian community from 1986 to 1997
No full textWe examined the incidence of primary invasive melanoma in the municipality of Reggio Emilia, northern Italy, in the period from 1986 to 1997. We identified 169 cases, five of which were intraocular. After adjustment for confounders, the risk of having a thick melanoma (Breslow greater than or equal to 1 mm) did not decrease over time, except in older females. The age-standardized incidence of cutaneous melanoma during the entire study period was 7.57 in males and 11 in females; from 1986-1991 to 1992-1997, it rose from 5.04 to 10.04 cases/100,000 person-years in males and from 8.96 to 13.09 cases/100,000 person-years in females. In males, the increase in incidence was almost entirely confined to subjects aged 30 or more, suggesting a possible cohort effect. We noted rising age-standardized incidences over time both in males with thin tumours (Breslow < 1 mm) (from 2.05 to 4.38 cases/100,000 person-years) and thick tumours (from 2.73 to 5.51 cases/100,000 person-years), while in females the increase was limited to thin melanomas (from 3.14 to 6.93 cases/100,000 person-years), mainly due to an increase in the older age groups (50-69 years and greater than or equal to 70 years). The increase in thick melanomas among males and the expected cohort effects suggests antecedent exposure to environmental risk factors
Campi elettromagnetici e suicidio: un protocollo di studio
No full textL’esposizione a campi elettromagnetici può provocare effetti sulla salute. In particolare alcuni studi hanno evidenziato una possibile correlazione tra la esposizione a campi elettromagnetici a frequenze estremamente basse generati dalle linee elettriche ad alta tensione ed alcune patologie quali leucemie infantili e tumori cerebrali. Altri studi hanno inoltre proposto la presenza di una associazione tra la residenza in prossimità di elettrodotti e l’occorrenza di sindromi depressive e suicidi.Abbiamo così steso un protocollo per la conduzione di uno studio di tipo caso-controllo da realizzare con l’ausilio di procedure di georeferenziazione GIS (Geographical Information System) nel territorio di Reggio Emilia. Tale studio si pone i seguenti obiettivi: costruire una mappa di patologia che mostri la distribuzione territoriale dei suicidi occorsi fra i residenti del comune di Reggio Emilia nel periodo 1989-2008; studiare la correlazione tra suicidi e l’esposizione a campi elettromagnetici generati dalle linee elettriche ad alta tensione; identificare eventuali aggregati spaziali di tale fenomeno. Saranno identificati tutti i casi di suicidio occorsi dal 1989 al 2008 nei residenti nel comune di Reggio Emilia. Per ciascuno di essi saranno estratti casualmente dalla popolazione residente due controlli dello stesso sesso ed anno di nascita. Di ogni soggetto in studio saranno ricercati la residenza al momento del suicidio, la professione ed il titolo di studio consultando i registri informatizzati e cartacei dell’anagrafe comunale. Con una simulazione modellistica calcoleremo il campo magnetico generato dalle linee elettriche ad alta tensione (>132kV) presenti sul territorio comunale ed identificheremo fasce di esposizione lungo gli elettrodotti caratterizzate da induzione magnetica con cutoff pari a 0.1, 0.2 e 0.4 microtesla (μT).In un progetto GIS inseriremo le localizzazioni delle abitazioni dei casi e dei rispettivi controlli (dopo avere attribuito ad ogni edificio le proprie coordinate cartografiche) e le aree espositive identificate lungo gli elettrodotti al fine di attribuire ad ogni soggetto il proprio status espositivo.Sarà così elaborata una ‘mappa di patologia’ che descriverà la distribuzione dei casi di suicidio nel territorio del comune di Reggio Emilia e che permetterà, con opportune analisi di cluster, di individuare la presenza di possibili aggregati spaziali. Inoltre, utilizzando modelli multivariati di regressione logistica condizionata e tenendo conto dei possibili fattori confondenti, sarà calcolato il rischio relativo di suicidio associato alla residenza nelle aree a crescente esposizione ai campi elettromagnetici generati da linee elettriche ad alta tensione
Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Italy, 1988-1993.
No full textEpidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Italy, 1988-1993
Commentary re: M. Vinceti et al., Excess melanoma incidence in a cohort exposed to high levels of environmental selenium. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 7 : 853-856, 1998
No full textExcess melanoma incidence in a cohort exposed to high levels of environmental selenium
No full textEpidemiological studies on the relation between selenium and human cancer have yielded strongly conflicting results. Prompted by the observation of a positive association between selenium intake and site-specific cancers, including melanoma, in a large cohort of nurses, we studied the 11-year melanoma incidence in an Italian cohort that consumed unusually high levels of inorganic selenium in tap water from 1975 to 1985, The setting was Reggio Emilia, an Italian municipality that provided a natural experiment relating to intake of high levels of inorganic selenium, We identified 2,065 individuals with high selenium exposure, who contributed a total of 20,179 person-years of follow-up, and we compared their experience with the 1,384,386 person-years of follow-up in the remaining population of Reggio Emilia, We included all cases of pathologically confirmed malignant melanoma, including intraocular melanoma, identified from the Reggio Emilia Hospital, the Bologna regional registry of hospital discharges, and the Milan National Cancer Institute. Eight cases of malignant melanoma occurred in the exposed cohort during the follow-up. Melanoma incidence was 3.9 times greater in the exposed than in the unexposed cohort (95% exact confidence limits, 1.8-7.4)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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