77 research outputs found
Conceptual framework to ensure water security in Ukraine
Get PDFAbstract. As a result of global climate change against the background of natural water
supply deterioration and river water content reductions, nowadays Ukraine is
facing the problem of environmental degradation of river basins. In light of this, we suggest that achieving an acceptable level of water
security in Ukraine should be defined as the strategic objective of national
water policy. The state of national water security should be evaluated by
its progress in certain sectors. The basic principles of the new water
policy of Ukraine are supposed to be represented in Water Strategy of
Ukraine. Integrated water management by the basin principle should serve as
the main tool for achieving the objectives of water security.
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Related party transactions and corporate groups : when Eastern Europe meets the West
Get PDFThe dissertation offers a comprehensive description of rules and regulations on Related Party Transactions (RPTs) and corporate groups in Ukrainian corporate law. Besides Ukraine, the following jurisdictions were chosen for analysis: the Netherlands, Germany, Poland and the EU overall. The author investigates how and to what extent RPTs are covered by the existing legal requirements on capital protection and corporate group regulation, highlighting experiences and strategies adopted in the studied jurisdictions. Beyond his comparative analysis of the current status, the author offers recommendations for more effective handling of RPTs in Ukraine, investigating such aspects as the following: what constitutes a corporate group and how group issues are regulated in the various legal systems; what constitutes a conflict of interest originating in ownership and control and what types of such conflicts occur; whether RPTs within corporate groups should receive special treatment relative to transactions outside groups; combatting corporate raiding, most often carried out through illegal seizure of corporate assets; approval and disclosure requirements for RPTs; and how information about RPTs is disclosed publicly.Coherent privaatrech
Simulation-Based Assessment of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Efficiency for Crops Grown in Raised Beds
No full textThis paper considers the application of a scenario simulation technique to assess subsurface drip irrigation system efficiency while using it to irrigate crops grown under raised bed technology. For simulating purposes, we use a model based on the two-dimensional Richards equation stated in terms of water head in a curvilinear domain. Solutions to problems are obtained using a finite-difference scheme with dynamic time step change. Using the data from pressure measurements obtained while growing potatoes on sandy loess soil in production conditions, we performed a calibration of the model using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Further, the accuracy of the model was tested and average absolute errors in the range from 3.16 to 5.29 kPa were obtained. Having a calibrated model, we performed a series of simulations with different irrigation pipeline placements determining the configuration under which water losses are minimal. The simulated configuration, under which infiltration losses were minimal, was the installation of pipelines under the raised bed at the depth of 10 cm below the soil surface. The results confirm that the applied technique can be used for decision-making support while designing subsurface drip irrigation systems combined with raised bed growing technology
Didactic Conditions of Development of Creative Activity of Students of Humanitarian Faculties
No full textУ статті проаналізовано умови для науково-дослідницької діяльності та формування сучасної творчої особистості фахівця (педагогічна рефлексія, організація соціального партнерства вищого навчального закладу). Досліджено питання впливу науково-дослідницької діяльності на результат освітньої діяльності. Доведено, що необхідною умовою розвитку творчої діяльності є осмислення мети науково-дослідницької діяльності науково-педагогічним колективом вищого навчального закладу, прагнення до реконструкції історико-педагогічного процесу, глибоке та свідоме пізнання його закономірностей. Визначено, що існують різні технології створення умов для творчості, але універсальним механізмом розвитку особистості є науково-дослідницька діяльність, яка сприяє розширенню світогляду студентів, стимулює пізнавальну діяльність у різних галузях знань, сприяє самореалізації, формує креативну особистість.The article deals with the issue of theoretical and methodological bases of students’ competitiveness formation during their scientific research activity in higher educational establishments.
The idea of students’ scientific competence is investigated. Some theoretical and methodological questions of pedagogical conditions importance for creating students’ competitiveness in scientific-research activity of higher educational establishments are investigated. The question of conditions for the development of scientific-research students’ abilities is learnt. It is stressed that forming competitiveness of the future professionals is ensured by organizational and personal factors.
The conditions of scientific research problems in the development of the creative person are described in the article. The scientific research influence on the result of education is given by the author. An attempt to examine the issue of scientific research problems of higher educational establishments as the essential part of personal and professional development is proved by the author.
The current scientific situation and its problems are considered in the article.
The author concludes that without the analyzed didactic conditions the model of formation of competitiveness of students of higher educational institutions on the basis of scientific-research activity cannot function effectively. A necessary condition for the development of creative activity is the comprehension of the goal of the research activities of the scientific-pedagogical staff of higher education institutions, the desire for the reconstruction of the history of the pedagogical process, deep and conscious knowledge of its laws.
There are various technologies to create the conditions for creativity, but a universal mechanism for the development of personality is a research activity that contributes to the widening the outlook of the students, stimulates cognitive activity in various fields of knowledge, promotes self-realization, generates creative personality.
Perspectives of our research will be to identify links between research activities and personal and professional growth of students through self-education and improving the quality of education
Optimisation of crop rotations : A case study for corn growing practices in forest-steppe of Ukraine
No full textThe formation of optimal crop rotations is virtually unsolvable from the standpoint of the classical methodology of experimental research. Here, we deal with a mathematical model based on expert estimates of “predecessor-crop” pairs’ efficiency created for the conditions of irrigation in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Solving the problem of incorporating uncertainty assessments into this model, we present new models of crop rotations’ economic efficiency taking into account irrigation, application of fertilisers, and the negative environmental effect of nitrogen fertilisers’ introduction into the soil. For the considered models we pose an optimisation problem and present an algorithm for its solution that combines a gradient method and a genetic algorithm. Using the proposed mathematical tools, for several possible scenarios of water, fertilisers, and purchase price variability, the efficiency of growing corn as a monoculture in Ukraine is simulated. The proposed models show a reduction of the profitability of such a practice when the purchase price of corn decreases below 0.81 EUR∙kg-1 and the price of irrigation water increases above 0.32 EUR∙m-3 and propose more flexible crop rotations. Mathematical tools developed in the paper can form a basis for the creation of decision support systems that recommend optimal crop rotation variations to farmers and help to achieve sustainable, profitable, and ecologically safe agricultural production. However, future works on the actualisation of the values of its parameters need to be performed to increase the accuracy
Quest for Orthologs in the era of Data Deluge and AI: Challenges and Innovations in Orthology Prediction and Data Integration
No full textThe rapid advancement of DNA sequencing technologies and computational algorithms has led to an unprecedented surge in genomic data, driven by several large-scale sequencing projects worldwide. Orthology plays a crucial role in understanding evolutionary patterns of genes and their functions. At the last Quest for Orthologs meeting (Montréal, Canada-2024), we discussed recent advances in orthology inference, with a focus on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), protein structures, RNA splicing isoforms, and protein domain evolution together with other evolutionary considerations. A long-standing challenge in the field is the functional annotation of paralogs, for which we present novel approaches. The meeting also emphasised strategies for integrating diverse genetic features into the concept of orthology, encouraging frameworks that account for elements like alternative splicing, domain organisation, and regulatory sequences. We discuss various applications of orthology and paralogy to environmental research, agriculture, and comparative genomics. Additionally, we report recent progress in orthology inference methodologies and resources. This work represents a collaborative synthesis of insights and innovations presented at the 8th Quest for Orthologs meeting, highlighting current progress while outlining future directions for orthology research.
© 2025. The Author(s)
Conceptual principles of water resources management in irrigated agriculture
Get PDFClimate change causes a progressive deterioration of natural water supply increasing the need for irrigation and more rational use of water resources in it as the main mean for ensuring sustainable agriculture. Here we present the conceptual provisions intended to provide a capability to achieve maximum irrigation efficiency, which generalize our experience in irrigation water management in Ukraine. Main principles that should be integrated in an efficient decision support system include the use of a narrow high range of maintained moisture content in the root zone of soil; pressure as a criterion of moisture content level; differential, particularly fractional-order, models of moisture transfer for the prediction of irrigation schedules and rates; several methods of evapotranspiration assessment to improve the accuracy; remote sensing data to disseminate predictions to areas not covered by instrumental monitoring tools. The application of these principles support an increase in crop yields accompanied by irrigation water volumes reduction eliminating water losses for infiltration and the development of flooding and secondary salinization processes.</p
OrthoXML-Tools: A Toolkit for Manipulating OrthoXML Files for Orthology Data
No full textThe OrthoXML file is a standard file format for orthology data. It provides a standardized structure for describing orthologous and paralogous relationships while allowing the user to store custom and database-specific data in the same format. Although many orthology databases use it as a way to export data, there is no comprehensive toolkit for working with this format. Here, we introduce the OrthoXML-tools ( https://github.com/DessimozLab/orthoxml-tools ), a comprehensive toolkit for loading, manipulating, and exporting the OrthoXML files to other formats. We show its capabilities and performance on our benchmarks.
© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Reconstructing Evolutionary Histories with Hierarchical Orthologous Groups
No full textWith the rapid advancement of large-scale sequencing initiatives, the need for efficient and accurate methods for inferring orthologous and paralogous relationships has never been more critical. Hierarchical orthologous groups (HOGs) provide a powerful solution to this challenge, offering a precise, scalable framework to study gene families and their evolutionary histories across diverse species. In this review, we introduce the concept of HOGs and explore their advantages over traditional methods. Next, we highlight key applications of HOGs, including their use in representing gene families, inferring ancestral genomes, tracking gene gain and loss events, functional annotation, and phylogenetic profiling. We overview the process of constructing HOGs and discuss the challenges and limitations of HOG inference. The HOG framework provides a clear and structured approach to organizing homologous genes, making it possible to gain deeper insights into gene family and species evolution.
© 2025. The Author(s)
Dos adiciones al complejo Jacea–Lepteranthus: adaptaciones paralelas en las enigmáticas especies Centaurea subtilis y C. exarata
Get PDFCentaurea subtilis from south east Italy and C. exarata from south west Iberia were classified in the Acrolophus- Phalolepis group and therein in section Maculosae. A molecular survey based on ITS sequence data indicates that both species should rather be placed in the Jacea-Lepteranthus group instead. This placement is consistent with the chromosome number of the two species, which is x = 11 like the rest of species of the Jacea-Lepteranthus group, and differs from the x = 9 of the other taxa included in sect. Maculosae. These results confi rm previous suggestions on the unnaturality of sect. Maculosae. Centaurea exarata and C. subtilis are quite different from the other species of Jacea-Lepteranthus in some striking morphological characters, which we hypothesize to be the result of parallel adaptation to dryer climates. The lack of competitors for pollination might be a good explanation for the partial or even total loss of showy flowers in these two species.[es] Centaurea subtilis del sureste de Italia y C. exarata del suroeste de la Península Ibérica fueron clasificadas anteriormente en el grupo Acrolophus-Phalolepis y dentro de él en la sect. Maculosae. Una revisión molecular basada en secuencias de la región ITS indica que ambas deberían clasificarse en el grupo Jacea-Lepteranthus. Este cambio es coherente con el número cromosómico de las dos especies, que tienen x = 11 como el resto de las especies del grupo Jacea-Lepteranthus y no x = 9 como las especies del grupo Acrolophus-Phalolepis. Estos resultados confirman advertencias anteriores sobre el carácter artificial de la sect. Maculosae. Centaurea exarata y C. subtilis son bastante diferentes de las otras especies de Jacea-Lepteranthus en algunos caracteres morfológicos importantes, resultado, según nuestra hipótesis, de adaptaciones a un clima más árido. La reducción o total pérdida de las flores estériles radiantes podría ser una adaptación a la falta de especies competidoras en la polinización.
[ct] Centaurea subtilis del sud-est d’Itàlia i C. exarata del sud-oest de la Península Ibèrica han estat classificades en el grup Acrolophus-Phalolepis i, dins d’aquest grup, a la secció Maculosae. Una revisió molecular basada en seqüències de la regió ITS indica que ambdues espècies haurien de classificar-se en el grup Jacea-Lepteranthus. Aquest canvi és coherent amb el nombre cromosòmic de les dues espècies, que tenen x = 11 com la resta de les espècies del grup Jacea-Lepteranthus i no x = 9 com les espècies del grup Acrolophus-Phalolepis. Aquests resultats confi rmen advertències anteriors sobre el caràcter artificial de la sect. Maculosae. Centaurea exarata i C. subtilis són bastant diferents de les altres espècies de Jacea-Lepteranthus en alguns caràcters morfològics importants, degut, segons la nostra hipòtesi, a adaptacions a un clima més àrid. La reducció o la total pèrdua de les flors estèrils radiants podria ser una adaptació a la falta d’espècies competidores en la pol·linització
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