1,720,954 research outputs found
Determination of the occurrence, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from poultry of Chongwe, Lusaka, Kitwe, and Ndola districts, farmworkers from the Copperbelt province poultry farms and clinical specimens from Kitwe teaching hospital in Zambia.
Get PDFThesis of Doctor of Philosophy in Microbiology.Enterococcus has great genetic plasticity and is highly versatile, hence does not only acquire and express mobile genetic elements (MGEs) but also disseminates them to pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of the same or of different genera. As such, it has been associated with various clinical syndromes and is ranked among the major causes of nosocomial infections worldwide. The study aimed to determine the occurrence, virulence
genes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from poultry of Chongwe, Lusaka, Kitwe, and Ndola Districts, Farmworkers from the Copperbelt Province Poultry Farms, and Clinical Specimens from Kitwe Teaching Hospital in Zambia. A total of 833 samples comprising 492 poultry droppings, 108 urine, and 3 rectal swabs from farmworkers, and 138 urines, 89 stool, and 3 pus swabs from patients attending Kitwe Teaching Hospital were processed. Phenotypic methods were employed to identify Enterococcus while confirmation and species identity were determined by genotypic methods. Drug resistance patterns were determined using the standard disc diffusion method and interpreted according to CLSI 2020 guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify and detect resistance and virulence genes. In this study the prevalence of Enterococcus was 31.1% in poultry, 30.8% in farmworkers’ specimens (all being E. faecalis), and 29.6% in clinical samples (with E. faecalis making up 58.8% of these). Both E. faecalis and E. faecium showed high resistance to several antibiotics, with E. faecium generally more resistant than E. faecalis. The majority of E. faecalis isolates were multidrug-resistant, with 89.7% in poultry, 75% in farmworkers, and 97.4% in clinical samples. All E. faecium isolates in clinical samples were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The widespread MDR pattern was resistance to ampicillin,
chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, penicillin, tetracycline, vancomycin combination. The frequently detected resistance genes in E. faecalis were tetK and tetM from Kitwe and Ndola, respectively, and in E. faecium, it was aac(6′)-Ieaph(2″)-LA and ermB from Kitwe, and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-LA from Lusaka. In farmworkers, the frequently detected resistance gene in E. faecalis was tetL. In clinical specimens, the commonly detected resistant gene in E. faecalis was ermB, and in E. faecium, it was aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-LA and tetM. The study also investigated the presence
of gelatinase, aggregation substance, enterococcal surface protein, cytolysin, pheromone cAD1 precursor lipoprotein, E. faecalis endocarditis antigen Regulator of gelE and sprE expression and collagen-binding cell wall protein in E. faecalis and E. faecium, and E. faecium specific cell wall adhesion. Overall, 95.5% of all E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates possessed one of the virulence genes tested. The most prevalent virulence gene was ace being found in 95.5% of all isolates, followed by cad1. The least common virulence gene was esp which was detected in 56.0% of all E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. The findings indicate a potential for the transmission of antibiotic-resistant strains between these populations and suggest the possibility of zoonotic transmission. Poultry and its products can be contaminated thereby posing a threat to consumers. There is also the possibility of increased healthcare costs and a higher risk of treatment failure due to infection with resistance strains. The discovery highlights the need for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in both human and animal populations as well as other settings
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
