1,720,955 research outputs found
Development of postharvest disinfestation treatment protocols against major quarantine pests of export fruits and vegetables
Full text linkIn sub-Saharan Africa, mango (Mangifera indica L.), French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) are three economically significant horticultural crops. Despite their economic and nutritional significance, their production and trade are hampered by several constraints; chief among them is infestation by devastating quarantine pests such as oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) and false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta). Preharvest control measures have been developed and implemented against these pests, however, being considered as A1 and A2 pests in many importing countries, postharvest measures are required to guarantee quarantine security in these countries. In this regard, this study aimed to (1) Develop postharvest hot water treatment (HWT) protocols for Tommy Atkins mango, French beans, and bell pepper against B. dorsalis, F. occidentalis, and T. leucotreta, respectively, (2) Assess the effect of the HWT regimes on the quality of the treated commodities and (3) Elucidate the differential gene expression of T. leucotreta under extreme temperature treatments. The results of HWT for postharvest disinfestation of Tommy Atkins mango against B. dorsalis show that the third larval instar is the most heat tolerant stage of B. dorsalis, and the minimum time required to achieve its probit-9 control efficacy (99.9968% mortality), at 46.1ºC is 72.63 min. The findings of HWT for postharvest disinfestation of French beans against F. occidentalis egg indicate that 8.01 min is the minimum immersion time required to achieve probit-9 control efficacy at 45ºC. In the assessment of the effectiveness of HWT as a phytosanitary treatment for T. leucotreta in bell pepper, the immersion duration of 44.23 min is the minimum time required to achieve probit-9 control efficacy of the most heat-tolerant stage at 50ºC. The HWT schedules did not have any discernible effect on the quality parameters of the respective commodities after treatment. The differential gene expression analysis of T. leucotreta larvae under thermal stress revealed several genes including heat shock proteins, cytochrome P450, cuticle proteins, odorant binding proteins, and immune system genes that may be associated with the T. leucotreta's ability to withstand cold and heat. Overall, this study provides a basis for the standardization and subsequent adoption of quarantine treatment protocols for Tommy Atkins mango, French beans, and bell pepper against quarantine pests, B. dorsalis, F. occidentalis, and T. leucotreta, respectively.In Afrika südlich der Sahara sind Mango (Mangifera indica L.), Buschbohnen (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) und Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) drei wirtschaftlich bedeutende Gartenbaukulturen. Trotz ihrer wirtschaftlichen und ernährungsphysiologischen Bedeutung werden ihre Produktion und ihr Handel durch verschiedene Einschränkungen behindert; die wichtigste davon ist der Befall durch verheerende Quarantäneschädlinge wie die Orientalische Fruchtfliege (Bactrocera dorsalis), den Westlichen Blütenthrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) und den Falschen Apfelwickler (Thaumatotibia leucotreta). Gegen diese Schädlinge wurden Maßnahmen zur Vorerntebekämpfung entwickelt und umgesetzt. Da sie jedoch in vielen Einfuhrländern als A1- und A2-Schädlinge gelten, sind Maßnahmen nach der Ernte erforderlich, um die Quarantänesicherheit in diesen Ländern zu gewährleisten. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielte diese Studie darauf ab, (1) Protokolle für die Heißwasserbehandlung nach der Ernte von Tommy Atkins Mango, Brechbohnen und Paprika gegen B. dorsalis, F. occidentalis bzw. T. leucotreta zu entwickeln, (2) die Auswirkungen der Heißwasserbehandlungsverfahren auf die Qualität der behandelten Waren zu bewerten und (3) die unterschiedliche Genexpression von T. leucotreta bei extremen Temperaturbehandlungen zu erforschen. Die Ergebnisse der HWT zur Nachernte-Entwesung von Tommy Atkins Mango gegen B. dorsalis zeigen, dass das dritte Larvenstadium das hitzetoleranteste Stadium von B. dorsalis ist und dass die Mindestzeit, die erforderlich ist, um seine Probit-9-Kontrollwirkung (99.9968 % Mortalität) zu erreichen, bei 46.1ºC, 72.63 Minuten beträgt. Die Ergebnisse der HWT für die Entwesung von Bohnen nach der Ernte gegen F. occidentalis-Eier zeigen, dass 8.01 Minuten die minimale Eintauchzeit ist, die erforderlich ist, um eine Probit-9-Kontrollwirkung bei 45°C zu erreichen. Bei der Bewertung der Wirksamkeit der HWT als phytosanitäre Behandlung von T. leucotreta in Paprika ist die Eintauchdauer von 44.23 Minuten die Mindestzeit, die erforderlich ist, um bei 50ºC eine Probit-9-Kontrolle des hitzetolerantesten Stadiums zu erreichen. Die HWT-Zeitpläne hatten keine erkennbaren Auswirkungen auf die Qualitätsparameter der jeweiligen Waren nach der Behandlung. Die differenzielle Genexpressionsanalyse von T. leucotreta-Larven unter thermischem Stress ergab mehrere Gene, darunter Hitzeschockproteine, Cytochrom P450, Kutikulaproteine, Geruchsstoffbindungsproteine und Gene des Immunsystems, die möglicherweise mit der Fähigkeit von T. leucotreta, Kälte und Hitze zu widerstehen, in Verbindung stehen. Insgesamt bietet diese Studie eine Grundlage für die Standardisierung und anschließende Einführung von Quarantänebehandlungsprotokollen für Tommy Atkins Mango, Bohnen und Paprika gegen die invasiven Schädlinge B. dorsalis, F. occidentalis bzw. T. leucotret
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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