104 research outputs found
The infant's miscellany [electronic resource] : or easy lessons, extracted from different authors. On a new plan. Intended to facilitate the attainment of the English language to the youngest readers, by teaching them not only to read, but likewise to understand clearly what they read.
No full textAccording the 'Advertisement' to 'Miscellaneous lessons' by Ellin Devis, that book was based on this one, with the implication that they share the same author.With an index and short questions.Below imprint: Price two shillings.Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library
Transforming Gender Norms in Tanzania: Empowering Women Farmers
No full textWomen cassava farmers in Tanzania share their experiences facing restrictive gender norms contributing to development challenges. They highlight issues such as limited access to loans and ownership of agricultural land. Devis Mwakanyamale, Research Associate at IITA Tanzania, explains how the CGIAR Initiative on Gender Equality, HER+ -TRANSFORM work package collaborates with partners to design gender transformative interventions to reduce these normative constraints. Geraldina Mushema from a partner organization provides insights into the co-design process of these interventions and the benefits of the approach
Gender transformative intervention profile 1: Addressing normative constraints to building women’s economic resilience in the cassava agrifood system in Tanzania
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In-depth understanding of intra-household decision-making in the cassava value chain in Tanzania
No full textExisting studies provide insights into understanding intrahousehold decision-making, focusing on who makes decisions on agricultural matters in low-income country contexts. However, little is known about the underlying processes concerning who performs which specific agricultural tasks, who makes decisions in those tasks, and how and why they do so. Our study used in-depth interviews with 37 marital dyads involved in cassava value-chain work in Tanzania. Findings highlight that women engage in cassavarelated activities, yet do not necessarily hold exclusive decision-making powers in these tasks. Decisions concerning activities performed by both spouses are made jointly or by men, while women primarily make decisions on matters when they possess the most knowledge. Decisions on the use of income from cassava are mainly made jointly. Women are more involved in expenditure decisions on household food and nutrition security, whereas men decide on matters related to purchasing farm inputs and high-value assets. The reasons why men make sole decisions are attributed to their traditional role as household heads. Joint decisions are made to avoid misunderstandings or promote cooperation within the household. Women in monogamous marriages and in similar age groups with their spouses are more likely to participate in decision-making processes. For dyads in polygynous relationships, we observe differences between younger and older couples, with decision-making authority exercised by men in the latter. We argue that an indepth understanding of decision-making processes within agricultural households can better inform the design of value-chain development interventions aimed at promoting gender equality and empowering women
Étude sur la puissance statistique des devis de recherche en éducation
Get PDFCet article propose de faire le point sur la puissance statistique moyenne des devis de recherche en éducation publiés récemment au Canada francophone. Soixante-dix-sept articles publiés entre 2004 et 2006, à l’intérieur de quatre revues scientifiques canadiennes francophones, ont été analysés avec le logiciel G*Power pour déterminer leur capacité à détecter des effets de petite, moyenne et grande taille. Les résultats montrent peu de progrès réels de la recherche en éducation au Canada français en matière de puissance statistique depuis les travaux de Cohen (1962). Des pistes concrètes pour améliorer la puissance statistique des devis sont suggérées.This article examines the mean statistical power of recent articles published in French Canadian scientific journals dedicated to research in education. 77 studies published in 4 different journals between 2004 and 2006 were analyzed with G*Power to establish their potential to detect small, medium, and large effects. Overall, results show that little progress has been made since the founding work of Cohen (1962) regarding statistical power in the field of educational research in the francophone scientific community. The author gives concrete actions for researchers to improve the statistical power of future work.El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar la potencia estadística promedia de los diseños de investigación en educación, publicados en los últimos años en revistas francocanadienses. Fueron analizados 77 artículos publicados entre 2004 y 2006 en cuatro revistas científicas francocanadienses con el software G*Power para determinar su capacidad para detectar efectos de tamaño pequeño, medio o grande. Los resultados muestran que la investigación francocanadiense en educación realizó pocos adelantos reales sobre el tema de la potencia estadística desde los trabajos de Cohen (1962). Se recomiendan algunas pistas concretas para mejorar la potencia estadística de los diseños de investigación
A dyadic interview guide to explore intra-household decision-making
Get PDFStudies in the agricultural research for development literature that explore women’s involvement
in decision-making within the household tend to focus their analysis on married or cohabiting
couples and often consult only one spouse in a marital dyad during field interviews. These and
other studies in the literature explore who makes a particular decision within the household, and
more recently, inquire about the extent to which the respondent or another household member
was involved in the decision-making process. Few studies investigate why decisions are made by
one person or jointly or about the process used to make decisions within the household. Studies
on intra-household decision-making frequently use quantitative tools (e.g., survey instruments) to
collect data on who decides on a specific production or consumption matter within the household.
In contrast, qualitative tools or mixed methods are more appropriate for uncovering how or why
intra-household decisions get made. This working paper presents a review of the extant literature
on intra-household decision-making, with a specific interest in describing the different methods
and tools studies used to assess women’s and men’s involvement in decision-making within the
household. The paper argues for using dyadic interviews as one qualitative method to explore
intra-household decision-making. Dyadic interviews bring two participants together to interact and
respond to open-ended questions that focus on their relationship as the site for which experiences
making decisions takes place. To date, most qualitative or mixed-methods studies use focus group
discussions or semi-structured interviews to explore decision-making within the household and
separate spouses or organize women and men into sex-segregated groups during the interview
or discussion process. The paper reviews the literature on dyadic interviews and presents and
discusses the results from a study that developed and piloted a qualitative dyadic interview guide
to help understand how and why decisions get made and explore, with some level of precision,
the decisions that get made jointly or by only one spouse, and the contributions made by each
spouse during a decision-making process. The guide could assist researchers in conducting in-depth
interviews for a qualitative study or being part of a mixed-methods study to inform or nuance
findings from the quantitative component on intra-household decision-making
Guide to developing quantitative tools for measuring gender norms in agrifood systems: IPSR Innovation Package and Scaling Readiness Report
No full textWorking toward this objective, experts in social norms measurement from FHI360, an international development organization based in Washington, DC worked with IFPRI and IITA to co-develop a survey instrument to measure inequitable social and gender norms within cassava, fish, and chicken AgriFood-Systems (AFS). The instrument was developed through an iterative process including extensive stakeholder consultation and cognitive testing, and was piloted in Tanzania and Nigeria with actors operating in or supporting/ influencing the three AFS. The pilot data will be used to develop a counting based, multi-dimensional index measuring inequitable social and gender norms within the three target AFS. The index will be designed to be comparable across AFS, geographical regions, and between actor groups performing different AFS roles. The index can be used to inform the design of gender transformative approaches to address harmful social and gender norms in AFS
Understanding gendered coping mechanisms of actors within cassava production in the face of prevailing climate change challenges in Tanzania
No full textProminent climate change events such as heavy rainfall, windstorms, heatwaves, and drought pose detrimental effects on the livelihoods and resilience of women and men actors in agri-food systems (AFS). This study explored the difference in coping mechanisms employed by women and men cassava smallholder farmers in the face of such climate change adversities. Qualitative research methods were adopted through conducting 10 in-depth interviews, eight key informant interviews, and six communitylevel focus group discussions with purposively selected women and men cassava actors in Muleba district in Tanzania. The preliminary findings highlight men reinvesting in replanting cuttings and relocating to distant locations, leaving their families for indefinite periods without support. In households where men relocate leaving their families, women are burdened with extra responsibilities caring for their family members. They are forced to diversify into additional income-generating activities, including opting for short-term crops to ensure food and nutrition security. Some older women used indigenous knowledge by sanitizing cassava cuttings with human urine to control root rot diseases, caused by climate change, to build resilience. The findings suggest that women and men experience climate change impacts differently due to their socially constructed roles and responsibilities. Providing better understanding of gendered coping mechanisms is essential for transforming cassava production system. This will increase productivity and incomes, build resilience to adapt to climate change and contribute to climate change mitigation. Findings from this study have significant implications for development interventions targeting inclusive efforts to build women’s adaptive capacities in agri-food systems
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