1,720,953 research outputs found
Effects of intensive phase anti tuberculous therapy on hepatic and hematological parameters in patients at the adult university teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Get PDFZambia is a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country. Antituberculous medicines are mainstay of TB management. Several reports of antituberculous drug-related haematological and hepatic adverse effects have been noted in other settings. Adverse events have healthcare cost and morbidity implications. Prevalence and severity of these adverse effects is understudied in patients at the University Teaching Hospitals. The purpose of this study was to identify haematological and hepatic abnormalities and compare parameters before treatment and after completion of intensive phase among the TB patients. Factors associated with abnormalities were also determined. A prospective longitudinal study was undertaken at Chest Clinic. Study patients were followed up for 2 months. Full blood count (FBC) and liver function tests (LFTs) were recorded at base-line and at follow-up. Abnormalities were defined according to the 2017 Division of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Paediatric Adverse Events. Data were analysed using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1and SPSS version 22.0 Paired t-test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test were used to compare parameters. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors that were predictive of abnormalities. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 37 patients were involved in the study. 56.8 percent of patients were male. The mean age of patients was 36.2 years (19 – 57 years) while mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.9 kg/m2. Only 37.8 percent of patients were sputum smear positive at baseline. 56.8 percent of patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. 45.9 percent of patients were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). 45.2 percent of patients had grade 1-3 aspartate transaminase (AST) derangements at follow-up compared to 29.7 percent at baseline. 5.4 percent of the patients had grade 1-3 alanine transaminase (ALT) derangements at baseline while 9.7 percent of patients had grade 1 at follow-up. Fewer patients (16.1 percent) had grade 1-2 anaemia at follow-up while 62.2 percent of patients at baseline had grade 1- 4 anaemia. More patients (46.2 percent) had platelet derangements at follow-up compared to 25.8 percent at baseline. Fewer patients had differential white cell count (WCC) derangements at follow-up compared to baseline. Statistically significant differences in haematological parameters: haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (HCT), red cell count, and white cell, eosinophil and neutrophil counts at baseline and follow-up were found (p < 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0001 and p = 0.0058, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005 respectively). However, no statistically significant differences in red cell indices were observed. Changes in ALT levels at baseline and follow-up were statistically significant (p = 0.0251). Logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of age, gender, BMI, HIV infection, ART, sputum smear status, and appropriate baseline FBC/LFT parameters on the likelihood of study patients having deranged Hb, WCC and ALT at follow-up. Logistic regression models to predict deranged Hb and ALT were statistically insignificant. Logistic regression model for ALT was statistically significant, χ2 = 18.597, p = 0.01. The model explained 100 percent (Nagelkerke R2) of variance in ALT derangement and correctly classified 100 percent of the cases. None of the predictor variables were associated with likelihood of ALT derangement. Findings of this study show that haematological and hepatic adverse effects were relatively fewer at follow-up and mostly grades 1-3, therefore, antituberculous therapy is relatively safe for patients during initial phase.
Key words: adverse effects, antituberculous, haematological, hepatic, initial phas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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