1,721,055 research outputs found
Accretion in ρ Ophiuchus brown dwarfs: infrared hydrogen line ratios
No full textContext: .Mass accretion rate determinations are fundamental for an understanding of the evolution of pre-main sequence star circumstellar disks.
Aims: .Magnetospheric accretion models are used to derive values of the mass accretion rates in objects of very different properties, from brown dwarfs to intermediate-mass stars; we test the validity of these models in the brown dwarf regime, where the stellar mass and luminosity, as well as the mass accretion rate, are much lower than in T Tauri stars.
Methods: .We have measured nearly simultaneously two infrared hydrogen lines, Paβ and Brγ, in a sample of 16 objects in the star-forming region ρ-Oph. The sample includes 7 very low mass objects and brown dwarfs and 9 T Tauri stars.
Results: .Brown dwarfs where both lines are detected have a ratio Paβ/Brγof ~2. Larger values, ⪆3.5, are only found among the T Tauri stars. The low line ratios in brown dwarfs indicate that the lines cannot originate in the column of gas accreting from the disk onto the star along the magnetic field lines, and we suggest that they form instead in the shocked photosphere, heated to temperatures of ~3500 K. If so, in analogy to veiling estimates in T Tauri stars, the hydrogen infrared line fluxes may provide a reliable measure of the accretion rate in brown dwarfs
Accretion in brown dwarfs: An infrared view
No full textThis paper presents a study of the accretion properties of 19 very low mass objects (M*∼ 0.01-0.1 M⊙) in the regions Chamaeleon I and ρ Oph. For 8 objects we obtained high resolution Hα profiles and determined mass accretion rate \dot Mac and accretion luminosity Lac. Pa\beta is detected in emission in 7 of the 10 ρ Oph objects, but only in one in Cha I. Using objects for which we have both a determination of Lac from Hα and a Paβ detection,} we show that the correlation between the Paβ luminosity and luminosity Lac, found by Muzerolle et al. (\cite{Mea98}) for T Tauri stars in Taurus, extends to objects with mass ∼0.03 M⊙; L(Paβ) can be used to measure Lac also in the substellar regime. The results were less conclusive for Brγ, which was detected only in 2 objects, neither of which had an Hα estimate of \dot Mac. Using the relation between L(Pa\beta) and Lac we determined the accretion rate for all the objects in our sample (including those with no Hα spectrum), } more than doubling the number of substellar objects with known \dot Mac. When plotted as a function of the mass of the central object together with data from the literature, our results confirm the trend of lower \dot Mac for lower M*, although with a large spread. Some of the spread is probably due to an age effect; our very young objects in ρ Oph have on average an accretion rate at least one order of magnitude higher than objects of similar mass in older regions. As a side product, we found that the width of Hα measured at 10% peak intensity is not only a qualitative indicator of the accreting nature of very low mass objects, but can be used to obtain a quantitative, although not very accurate, estimate of \dot Mac over a large mass range, from T Tauri stars to brown dwarfs. Finally, we found that some of our objects show evidence of mass-loss in their optical spectra
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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