6 research outputs found
Analysis of the Relationship Between Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Impulsivity and Cognitive/Metacognitive Skills in Adolescents Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder
No full textBackground: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant psychiatric disorder among children and adolescents. It is important that the relationship with depression is analyzed in adolescents in which cognitive and metacognitive processes are different from adult individuals.
Methods: Forty-five patients and 44 healthy controls were included in our study. Participants were administered Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), and Stroop test.
Results: When the DERS total scores were evaluated, a statistically significant difference was found between the 2 groups in terms of DERS scores. In the healthy controls, the emotion regulation skills were significantly higher compared with the MDD group. In the Stroop test, particularly in the fifth section, the control group displayed a statistically significant better performance in both total duration and the number of mistakes made compared with the study group. In the BRIEF test a statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the study group in all 3 areas. In order to determine the efficient factors related to the statistical difference between the BRIEF scores, the multiple linear regression analysis was used.
Conclusion: It was found that depression scores and Stroop performance influence executive functions. Given that Stoop performance can overlap with executive functions, this outcome was expected. However, the impact of depression scores affecting executive functions is also anticipated, considering that these scores particularly affect attention among the cognitive and maladaptive cognitive processes, such as rumination
Comparison of Outpatient and Inpatient Consultations Requested from Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
No full textObjective: This study aims to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of child and adolescent psychiatry consultations and to compare characteristics of outpatient and inpatient consultations. Methods: A total of 354 patients who were consulted to child and adolescent psychiatry department of a university hospital were included in the study. Data were collected regarding sociodemographic characteristics of patients, departments requesting consultation, diagnoses, and treatment methods. Results: The cases included in the study had a mean age of 10.6 +/- 4.8 years,with 51.4% being girls. Adolescent girls formed the majority of the inpatient group. The pediatric neurology outpatient clinic had the highest frequency of requested consultations (22.3%), and the most common reason for consultation was a suicide attempt (12.1%). Of the cases for which consultation was requested, 67.8% were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder, and the most common diagnoses were anxiety disorders, with 12.7%. In the inpatient group, impulsive suicide attempts and depressive disorders were more frequent compared to the outpatient group, while intellectual disability was less common. Parent education was provided for 97.2% of the cases, pharmacological treatment was recommended for 44.6% of the cases, and the most commonly prescribed medications were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Psychotherapy and special education were significantly more common in the outpatient group compared to the inpatient treatment group. Conclusion: The current study revealed significant differences in consultations requested from child and adolescent psychiatry between the outpatient and inpatient groups regarding consultation reasons, diagnoses, and treatment modalities. The findings provide valuable information for clinical practice and service development
Investigating the Effect of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms Independent of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Symptoms on Extremity Injuries in Children and Adolescents
No full textObjective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. ADHD symptoms in childhood cause a number of comorbidities in adulthood, there is scarce information on whether ADHD in childhood increases the risk of sustaining injuries or accidents. Although previous studies have investigated ADHD-related accidents or extremity injuries, no study has yet examined whether the risk of injury increases in the presence of ADHD combined with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) or-although still controversial as a diagnosis-in the presence of SCT alone. The aim of present study was intended to fill this gap in knowledge and to elucidate the effect of SCT on the risk of sustaining injuries in individuals with ADHD. Methods: The study included the following groups: Group 1 consisting of patients aged 6-17 years who presented to orthopedics outpatient clinics for extremity injuries and had suspected ADHD, and their parents; Group 2 consisting of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years who had no extremity injury but had ADHD, and their parents, and Group 3 consisting of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years without any extremity injury or psychiatric disorders, and their parents. After the sociodemographic questionnaire was filled, the DSM IV based Screening and Assessment Scale for Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS) were administered by a clinician specialized in pediatric and adolescent mental health. Results: The study included a total of 94 children and adolescents, of whom 37 had both fractures and ADHD (fracture + ADHD), 37 had ADHD alone and no history of fracture (ADHD), and 20 had neither a history of fracture nor psychiatric diagnosis (control). The groups differed significantly in terms of SCT, inattention and hyperactivity scores (p < 0.0001). Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was concluded that the decrease in SCT scores was associated with the fracture + ADHD group; male sex was associated with the ADHD group; and the increase in inattention and hyperactivity scores played a role in the differentiation of the fracture + ADHD group from the control group. Conclusion: The present study was intended to fill this gap in knowledge and to elucidate the effect of SCT on the risk of sustaining injuries in individuals with ADHD. Comparison of the groups in terms of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and SCT scores showed a statistically significant difference among the groups for all three parameters. Regression analysis showed that high SCT scores had a reverse causality with fractures. When evaluated within the context of our study, this seems to act as a mechanism that compensates impulsivity. Although the mechanism is unclear, the strong causality suggests that it may have a protective effect against sustaining injuries
The effects of catechol-O-methyltransferase single nucleotide polymorphisms on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textThe catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is thought to have an important role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia, but there are conflicting results regarding its role in clinical presentation. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COMT gene and the severity of positive and negative symptoms. In order to investigate the relationship, the PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were screened for eligible articles. Thirty-eight studies, including 4443 adult patients with schizophrenia, were included in the quantitative analyses, and four studies were qualitatively assessed. Quantitative analyses were performed for acutely ill and clinically stable patient subgroups regarding the different genotypes of rs4680 SNP. Our results showed that the severity of negative symptoms was higher in patients who were rs4680 Met homozygous compared to Val/Met heterozygotes only in acutely ill samples. There was no other significant difference between genotypes. Meta-regression did not reveal any significant moderator effect on the difference in negative symptoms. General psychopathology, positive, negative, and total psychotic symptom levels also were similar between Val homozygotes and Met carriers. Nonetheless, there are some limitations in the study. First, SNPs except for rs4680 were under-researched because of the limited number of studies. Second, high heterogeneity across studies was the main concern. Our results suggested that the COMT rs4680 Met allele was associated with higher levels of negative symptoms within acutely ill patients. Future studies should focus on specific patient subgroups to reveal the moderating effects of SNPs
Psychometric properties of The Clinician Affective Reactivity Index for Assessment of Irritability in a clinical sample of Turkish children and adolescents
No full textBackground: No clinician-oriented scale exists to assess irritability in Turkey. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of The Clinician Affective Reactivity Index (CL-ARI)
Psychometric properties of The Clinician Affective Reactivity Index for Assessment of Irritability in a clinical sample of Turkish children and adolescents
No full textBACKGROUND: No clinician-oriented scale exists to assess irritability in Turkey. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of The Clinician Affective Reactivity Index (CL-ARI). METHOD: A total of 116 children and adolescents aged between 10 to 17 years (14.1 ± 2.1 years) were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient clinics. The participants completed a set of scales (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ], Affective Reactivity Index [ARI], Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale). Diagnostic interviews were administered to confirm psychiatric diagnoses. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to assess internal consistency. Discriminant validity was further tested using independent sample t-test and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. Interrater reliability was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Convergent validity was also tested using Pearson’s correlation. RESULTS: Cronbach’s alpha values of CL-ARI were 0.919 total score, 0.842 for the temper outbursts score, 0.861 for the irritable mood score, and 0.840 for the impairment score. ICC values for interrater reliability were high for the temper outbursts (r = 0.993), the irritable mood (r = 0.993), the impairment (r = 0.917), and the total score (r = 0.991). In the sample, there was a high level of correlation between the self-report ARI-child/parent form and the CL-ARI total and subscale scores. Likewise, moderate-high level of correlations were found between the behavioral SDQ child/parent forms and the CL-ARI total and subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: This is the Turkish validation of the CL-ARI, a dedicated interview and rating scale to assess irritability in the clinical sample. The results of this study suggest that the Turkish version of CL-ARI has adequate internal consistency and interrater reliability, and sufficient convergent and discriminant validity to be used in research settings
